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Introduction
A table is a form offurniture with a flat and satisfactory horizontal upper surface
used to support objects of interest, for storage, show, and/or manipulation. The surface
must be held stable; for reasons of simplicity, this is done by support from below by
either a column, a "base" or at least three columnar "stands". A table is also known as
a bar, a bench, a board, a bureau, a desk, a lectern and a pulpit.
. We put things on a table, often for a short time, for example food and knives and
forks, etc. at a meal, cups fordrinks, a book, a map, writing paperwhen writing, and
things forhobbies. We also put things on tables for a longer time, for example
a TV, computerordecorations (pretty things). Often we put a cloth on the table, flat on
the top. There are traditional ways of putting the cloth, knives and forks and food on the
table for meals.
We can make some tables bigger, for example by pulling the top out. We can
also fold some tables to transport them better, for example for camping. There are also
small tables in trains and planes which we can fold or open. Some round tables come
with a Lazy Susan. This is a rotating piece ofwood in the centerof the table.
Traditionally, tables in Japan,chabudai, are low, sometimes round tables,
fortea and food.
On the other hand, a bag (also known regionally as a sack) is a simple tool in the
form of a non-rigid container. The use of bags predates recorded history, with the
earliest bags being no more than lengths of animal skin or woven plant fibers, folded up
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at the edges and secured in that shape with strings of the same material. Despite their
simplicity, bags have been fundamental for the development of human civilization, as
they allow people to easily collect loose materials such as berries orfood grains, and to
transport more items than could readily by carried in the hands. The word probably has
its origins in the Norseword baggi, from the reconstructed Proto-Europeanbak, but is
also comparable to the Welsh baich (load, bundle), and the Greek
(bstagma, load).
Tables of various shapes, colours, heights and sizes are designed for specific uses:
1. Bedside table, nightstand, or night table. Is a small table used in a bedroom. It
is often used for convenient placement of a small lamp, alarm clock, glasses, or
other personal items.
2. Drawing tableusually has a top that can be tilted for making a large
or technical drawing. It might have a ruleror similar element integrated.
3. Gateleg table. Has one or two hinged leaves supported by hinged legs.
4. Coffee table. Is a low table designed for use in a living room, in front of a sofa,
for convenient placement of drinks, books, or other personal items.
5. Chess table. Is a type ofgames table that integrates a chessboard.
6. Refectory table. Is a long table designed to seat many people for meals.
7. Dining room table.
Is a table designed to be used for formal dining.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_grainshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Norse_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Europeanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welsh_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedside_tablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedroomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamp_(fixture)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alarm_clockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glasseshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drawing_tablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drawing_tablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technical_drawinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rulerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gateleg_tablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gateleg_tablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_tablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Living_roomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess_tablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Games_table&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chessboardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refectory_tablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dining_roomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dining_roomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refectory_tablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chessboardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Games_table&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess_tablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Living_roomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_tablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gateleg_tablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rulerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technical_drawinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drawing_tablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glasseshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alarm_clockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamp_(fixture)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedroomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedside_tablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welsh_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Europeanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Norse_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_grainshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berry7/29/2019 feasiblity table
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Knowing the stated information about tables and bags (briefcase), the authors of this
product plan decided to take advantage in an ordinary table and briefcase to the current
atmosphere of the laptop demand in our country and globally. They have envisioned the
merging of the normal laptop briefcase and normal table to developed a product that will
suit for laptop users.
Background of the Study
The proponents themselves and other students experienced problem of spillage
in using pack meal containers or lunchboxes. The packed meal turned cold that lead the
students not to eat the food. For this reason the proponents became more interested to
develop the product to solve the problem.
A series of survey was conducted for the group to come up with the best sound
solutions. Therein, based on the result of the survey made, it was proven that the
respondents also experience problem in using pack meal containers in bringing food
during their studies or works. That is, they felt discontented and unhappy while eating
since the food turned cold.
The result also shows that most people especially those who are studying and
working and who are indeed need to spend less of their money in buying food wanted
to have such gadget that will enable them to eat their meals with smugness. The result
of the survey revealed that there is a demand for the proposed product that will warm
their food upon consumption.
Generally, the result of the survey conducted proves that a newly developed
product, that is a pack meal container with warmer will be feasible to produce in the
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market since more people had the desire of its utilization and were at ease that they will
surely benefited.
Factors to Consider in Developing the Product of this PPD Paper:
1. Marketability: it is the measure of the ability of a product to be bought and sold.
This factor is very important in order to suffice investment involved in developing
the product.
2. Functionality: it is the set of functions or capabilities associated with product.
Part of functionality is the ergonomic specifications integrated in the product.
3. Manufacturing Cost: it is the total cost accumulated in developing the product.
This factor is very important for it serve as basis for pricing and cost of
investment to the product, which determines the place of the product to the
market.
Products Being Considered in the Study
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Figure 1. A Typical Laptop Casing
Figure 1 is a type of briefcases used as a shelf or protective bag for laptops. It is
very convenient as if carrying a normal hand bag. It can hold up to 20 inch-sized laptops
and can be made up of different materials like wood, plastic, leather, rubber and metal.
Figure 2. A Typical Laptop Table
Figure 2 is a newly model of computer table use in households and educational
institutions in the Philippines. According to Dr. Erik Pepper, Ph. D. of the Institute for
Holistic Healing Studies of the Department of Health Education in Europe, 40 million
Americans use computers, and 15-20 percent is at risk of having Repetitive Strain Injury
(RSI) due to improper usage of computer workstation.
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Figure 3. A Typical Laptop Computer
Figure 3 is a generally-accepted model of personal computer use for mobile
purposes. This kind of personal computer called Laptop integrates the typical
components of a desktop computer. The physical measurement of laptops varies
according to its kind namely: Full-Size Laptop (10 to 14"), Net Book (5 to 12), Ultra-
Thin Laptop (10 to 14, but are very thin and light), Tablet PC (5to 14), and Rugged
(depending on the kind of use and function).
Figure 4. A Typical Laptop Cooler
Figure 4 is a generally-accepted model of laptop cooler which helps reduce the
operating temperature of laptop computers. Normally used when the laptop's fan device
is unable to sufficiently cool the laptop. Active coolers move air or liquid to direct heat
away from the laptop quickly.
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Figure 5. A Typical Mouse Pad
A mousepad (US) or mouse mat (UK) is a surface for placing and moving
a computer mouse. A mousepad enhances the usability of the mouse compared to
using a mouse directly on a table by providing a surface to allow the tracking LED or
ball (in former models) to measure movement accurately and without jitter. Some
mousepads increase ergonomics by providing a padded wrist rest.
Taking into consideration the different functions and specifications of products
specified above, the authors of this Product Planning and Development (PPD) Paper
carefully studied and integrated their important components to create a portable product
feasible to sustain the demand of the market.
The PPD process used in this paper is a generally-accepted procedure in the
Industrial Engineering field. Also by prioritizing the ergonomic, safety, and quality
principles the users can rest assure that their investments to the product are parallel to
the benefits it can give to them.
The handy laptop case-table is a practical and economical replacement to
separate products having the same functions. It is not only a reliable product that can
suffice the demanding trend in the market, but also an inspiration to future
developments in this field.
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Chapter 2
Review of Related Literature and Studies
This chapter presents some related facts, issues, and studies described as local
and foreign which concerns the fundamental principles and standards behind the
development of this Product Planning and Development Paper.
Foreign Literature
The advent of laptop today had made a number of people shift from the
use of the traditional desktop into the mobile laptop. The major reason for this is
portability which allows you to use your PC anywhere and anytime. However, just like
the desktop, anyone using the laptop has to be comfortable while working.
Ergonomically designed laptoptables, stands and desks are important furniture.
There are several features that a laptop owner should look into when purchasing
a laptop table or stand. However, let us first determine why an ergonomically crafted
laptop table is specifically needed.
There are laptop users who are satisfied in merely placing their mobile
computers on their laps. When you spend several hours in this position, you will feel the
heat of the laptop on your lap or thighs. Then, since you may not be working in good
body position, your shoulders, arms, back and neck may be strained. Back and neck
pains will persist if you continue working in this position. Furthermore, there is a big
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possibility that your laptop may topple. It has not been placed in a steady position so
your irregular body movement may cause it to fall. And you know what happens when
your laptop falls; you will be spending for its repairs. Or in worst condition, you will need
a new laptop because the fall had rendered your device to be totally damaged and
beyond repair.
Now, how is an ergonomic laptop table designed?
In using your laptop table, your arm should sit at a certain angle that will not
strain your arms and elbows. This position should be a fifteen-degree angle. This is the
position that people find perfect for fast typing. This is the ergonomic position which
every laptop user should recognize. The table will enable you to position the laptop at
eye level which will prevent strain on your eyes and neck as you try to view the screen.
Lastly, you have an extra space where you can position your mouse. Make the laptop
table portable also to enable you to bring it with your laptop. With this, you can
maximize its use.
You can buy a portable ergonomic laptop table. Many of them are not only
ergonomically designed; they are cheap and lightweight. They are also compact to
enable you to place it in your laptop bag together with the computer. They are also
made of different materials and there is a wide array of selection to choose from.
For people who had shifted from the use of desktop into a laptop, it is important
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that a minimal investment on a desk that is ergonomic be made. This inexpensive piece
of furniture will afford the user health benefits. With the ergonomic laptop, the user will
not suffer back, neck, shoulder and arm pains.
(http://www.articlesnatch.com/Article/The-Effects-Of-Ergonomically-Designed-Laptop-
Table/3929042#ixzz2F5BG592N)
PC market surged in 2005, will settle in 2006
By Michael Kanellos
Staff Writer, CNET News
Notebooks and price cuts helped the PC market grow by 16.4 percent worldwide
in 2005 in terms of units, although the rate of growth will likely slow down this year,
according to IDC.
PC shipments have been above analysts' expectations all year, according to
Loren Loverde at IDC, which raised its estimates several times during the year. The
results for the fourth quarter and the year exceeded IDC's most recent expectations
from November.
In all, 208.6 million desktops, notebooks and x86 servers left factories and
workshops in 2005, according to IDC. The estimated value, or revenue, generated by
these machines worldwide likely came to around $218 billion, an increase of 9 percent
over $200 billion in 2004.
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In 2006, however, things will decelerate. PC shipments will likely grow by 10.5 percent
worldwide while value will probably climb only 3.6 percent to $226 billion, Loverde said.
"The decline in growth reflects a general concern about rising interest rates,
housing and fuel prices," he said. Nonetheless, these didn't have a lot of impact in 2005,
so they may not play much of a role this year. "The fourth-quarter results didn't show a
lot of reaction to them."
As in the first three quarters, notebook, discounts and emerging markets helped
propel sales in the fourth quarter. Fourth-quarter shipments rose 17.1 percent
worldwide; in November, IDC predicted fourth-quarter shipments would grow by 15.8
percent.
The market leaders solidified their positions worldwide, and the rankings stayed
largely the same. Dell remained the top PC maker in the world, growing global
shipments by 20.1 percent in the fourth quarter (and 18.8 percent for the year). The
company's market share worldwide in the fourth quarter rose to 18.1 percent, up from
17.7 percent in the fourth quarter of 2004.
Like last quarter, Dell only grew a bit faster than the market as a whole. For Dell, that's
uncharacteristically slow. The company, however, is doing well in growth markets like
Asia, Loverde said. Dell grew shipments there by 49 percent in the fourth quarter, which
was faster than the market's growth. Overall, Dell's international shipments grew by 37
percent in the fourth quarter.
Acer, No. 4 worldwide, saw shipments grow by 52.5 percent in the fourth quarter
and 53.9 percent for the year. Acer now has 4.1 percent of the global market and has
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been the fastest-growing large PC maker for the past two years. Much of the company's
growth comes from Europe.
By contrast, both Hewlett-Packard, No. 2 worldwide and in the U.S., and Lenovo,
ranked No. 3 in the world, grew slower than the market.
In the fourth quarter, HP saw worldwide shipments grow 15.8 percent, slower
than the 17.1 percent mark for the market as a whole. For the year on a worldwide
basis, HP grew by 15.7 percent, slower than the 16.4 annual growth rate. In the U.S.,
HP's shipments grew by 6.7 percent for the fourth quarter, compared with 8.7 percent
for the market as a whole and 7.3 percent for the year, below the 10 percent mark for
the U.S. as a whole.
Lenovo, when the IBM merger is taken into account, grew shipments by 12.6
percent in the fourth quarter worldwide. For the year, Lenovo-IBM saw shipments shrink
5.1 percent. Their merger took place in 2005, Loverde noted. Historically, some
companies have lost more market share in merger years.
Another beneficiary of rising PC sales was Advanced Micro Devices. Preliminary figures
for chipmakers aren't in yet, but even Intel executives concede that the company lost
market shareto its smaller competitor.
Toshiba sneaks ahead of Apple in the U.S., the picture was similar to the
previous quarters. Dell stayed in the top spot and saw its market share grow to 33.5
percent with HP staying in second place. Gateway, on the comeback trail, held the third
spot by growing 33 percent. Its market share is now 6.1 percent, up from 5.1 percent a
year ago.
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Toshiba, meanwhile, snuck ahead of Apple Computer to take the fifth place for
U.S. shipments with a 3.5 percent market share. Notebook sales helped the Japanese
company, said IDC analyst David Daoud. Toshiba periodically makes an appearance in
the top five.
For the year, however, Apple topped Toshiba with a 3.3 percent market share to
Toshiba's 3.2 percent. For the year, Apple grew shipments by 32 percent, just slightly
slower than Gateway.
(http://news.cnet.com/PC-market-surged-in-2005,-will-settle-in-2006/2100-1003_3-
6028454.html)
Foreign Study
Laptop sales increase worldwide
18 December 2007
Rapidly increasing demand for portable computers have driven up worldwide
computer sales, according to data firm IDC.
The company's Quarterly PC Tracker, which released its results for the July-
September 2007 period yesterday, shows that shipments of new computers have grown
by 16.7% since the last results.
This marks a year of increases since a slowdown in 2006 - and marks the
increased demand for online technology including broadband.
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The fact that laptop shipments are up by 37% in the third quarter points to the
fact that more users want to take their PCs wherever they go - a sign of greater internet
flexibility including the rise of wireless (WiFi) internet technology.
Loren Loverde, Director of the Tracker, commented: "The peak portable growth
seen in the third quarter will be difficult to sustain, but it reflects strong demand across
regions and segments that will fuel growth.
"It will be increasingly important for PC vendors to have a strong portable offering
to stay competitive as the market continues its rapid shift to mobile computing."
The UK is uniquely well-placed to take advantage of the increased demand for
laptops - as it contains over 10,000 WiFi hotspots - areas from which users can gain
quick wireless internet access.
(http://www.uswitch.com/news/broadband/20071218/laptop-sales-increase-worldwide/)
Laptops Displacing Desktops: Impact on Support Costs
September,2008
The standard corporate desktop, with its burdensome support costs, is likely to
change dramatically over the next decade with innovations such as desktop
virtualization, thin-client computing, PC support automation, and hosted applications.
But the most significant change occurring today is the steady shift toward mobile
computing and laptop computers. Enterprises are deploying laptops to more and more
users to increase mobility, flexibility, and productivity. Our research indicates that, for
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the typical enterprise, the ratio of laptops to total PCs grew by 10% over the past year,
and we anticipate that this trend will accelerate in the coming year.
As with all technologies, laptops have advantages and disadvantages. From the
perspective of IT organizations, laptops can ease the burden of relocations, changes,
and upgrades. But there are also costs: Laptops cost more than comparably equipped
desktops, introduce new security threats, suffer damage more frequently, and are more
costly to repair than desktops.
Throughout this study, we refer to laptops and desktops collectively as PCs.
Laptops include most portable form factors, with the exception of handheld email
devices, such as the Blackberry and Treo. The term "desktop" includes both desktop
PCs and higher-end workstations. The term "PC" is not limited to Wintel platforms, but
encompasses Windows, Linux, Macintosh, and other operating systems, including thin-
client operating systems.
Improvements in laptop capabilities, coupled with falling prices, are prompting
more and more organizations to replace desktops with laptop PCs. Figure 1 shows that
laptops grew from 20.0% of the PC count at the median in 2007 to 22.9% this year,
based on our annual survey of about 200 IT organizations balanced by size and sector.
This represents a 10% increase in the ratio of laptops to PCs for the median
organization.
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Computer Economics forecasts an even higher growth rate over the coming year.
We project that laptops should comprise more than one-fourth of the total PCs for the
typical organization by 2009, based on current trends.
(http://www.computereconomics.com/article.cfm?id=1393)
Local Literature
U.S. is a major market for Philippine exports and an important source of imports.
In 2007, two-way trade amounted to US$16.4 billion. Total Philippine exports to USA in
2007, amounting to $8.54 billion and accounting for 16.99% of total Philippine exports to
the world, consisted of electronic products - laptop, optical disk drive, semi-conductor
devices, electrical transformers, and wiring harness. Philippine imports from US on the
other hand, valued at $7.91 billion and accounting for 14.31% of total imports from the
world, include: molding compounds/dice of any material, electronic integrated circuits &
micro-assemblies, materials, accessories & supplies for the manufacture of watches &
watch cases, wheat & meslin, and parts & accessories for typewriters & other office
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machines. RP enjoyed a fairly small trade balance worth $0.25M in 2006 and $0.62
million in 2007. Recent trade data covering Jan- Aug. 2008 registered total RP-US
bilateral trade worth US$10.52 million, with exports valued at $ 5.51M and imports at $
4.98M. (http://www.dti.gov.ph/dti/index.php?p=154&type=2&sec=2&aid=39&pg)
Local Study
The product line of Acer (Phils.), Inc. leads the Philippine personal computer
market, a study by an international market intelligence group showed.
In its first quarter Asia-Pacific Quarterly PC Tracker Summary, research firm IDC
named the Acer brand as the leading choice of Filipinos when purchasing desktops and
laptops.
"We still continue to lead the market overall for the past several quarters and this
we attribute to our continued resolve to come up with significant and consumer-friendly
products," said Acer Philippines General Manager Manuel Wong.
Acer led the consumer desktop segment with an 11.9 percent market share with
sales reaching 6,911 units worth P6.3 million in the first quarter.
http://www.dti.gov.ph/dti/index.php?p=154&type=2&sec=2&aid=39&pghttp://www.dti.gov.ph/dti/index.php?p=154&type=2&sec=2&aid=39&pg7/29/2019 feasiblity table
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In the same period, Acer also led the notebook segment as it cornered 29
percent of the commercial laptop market with sales amounting to 8,539 units with a total
value of P11.3 million.
Wong said Acer is banking on the introduction of a new sub-notebook category
and a new laptop model to keep the brand the top Filipino choice for personal
computers.
"We will continue to capture the Filipinos' attention, and still they can be assured
of top-quality and innovative products and consumer-focused service from us," Wong
added. - GMANews.TV (MANILA, Philippines).
(http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/114715/economy/acer-brand-leads-
philippine-pc-market)
PhilippinesInternet Usage Stats and Marketing Report
Internet Usage Statistics:29,700,000 Internet users as of June/09, 29.7% of the population, according toYahoo.
Latest Population Estimate:
http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/114715/economy/acer-brand-leads-philippine-pc-markethttp://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/114715/economy/acer-brand-leads-philippine-pc-markethttp://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/114715/economy/acer-brand-leads-philippine-pc-markethttp://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/114715/economy/acer-brand-leads-philippine-pc-market7/29/2019 feasiblity table
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Internet Growth in Philippines:
YEAR Users Population % Pop. Usage Source
2000 2,000,000 78,181,900 2.6 % ITU
2005 7,820,000 84,174,092 9.3 % C.I.Almanac
2008 14,000,000 96,061,683 14.6 % Yahoo!
2009 24,000,000 97,976,603 24.5 % Nielsen
2010 29,700,000 99,900,177 29.7 % ITU
Of the estimated 17% of the population which constituted the Internet-user
population coming into 2012, a large proportion of these were using a high-speed
broadband connection to go online. In early 2012 available statistics suggested that
almost 90% of all internet connections were broadband-based services, representing a
major shift in the broadband presence in the Philippines. This report looks at the various
projects and initiatives as the Philippine government continues to encourage the
development of broadband in the country. The report also provides information on the
wider Internet market in the country. (http://www.budde.com.au/Research/Philippines-
Broadband-Market-and-Forecasts.html?r=51)
99,900,177 population for 2010, according to the US Census Bureau.
Gross Domestic Product:GNI per capita is US$ 1,930 according to I.M.F.
http://www.yahoo.com/http://www.nielsen-online.com/http://www.nielsen-online.com/http://www.itu.int/en/pages/default.aspxhttp://www.budde.com.au/Research/Philippines-Broadband-Market-and-Forecasts.html?r=51http://www.budde.com.au/Research/Philippines-Broadband-Market-and-Forecasts.html?r=51http://www.budde.com.au/Research/Philippines-Broadband-Market-and-Forecasts.html?r=51http://www.budde.com.au/Research/Philippines-Broadband-Market-and-Forecasts.html?r=51http://www.itu.int/en/pages/default.aspxhttp://www.nielsen-online.com/http://www.yahoo.com/7/29/2019 feasiblity table
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Chapter 3
Methodology
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This chapter describes the methods and procedures used in this Product
Planning and Development (PPD) Paper aside from the PPD process, which can be
found at Chapter 4 of this paper.
Interview
An interview is a conversation between two or more people (the interviewer and
the interviewee) where questions are asked by the interviewer to obtain information
from the interviewee.
This methodology was used by the authors of this PPD Paper in order to obtain
information which was vital to the study. Among the PPD Process which greatly
benefited from this methodology were: Identifying the Customer Needs, Key
Assumptions and Constrains, Benchmarking, Concept Selection, Concept Scoring,
Concept Testing, Product Specifications, Product Architecture, and Industrial Design.
The mentioned PPD Process and the contribution of this methodology to them were
discussed in Chapter 4.
Survey
A survey is a method of gathering information from a number of individuals,
known as a sample, in order to learn something about the larger population from which
the sample is drawn. Although surveys come in many forms, and serve a variety of
purposes, they do share certain characteristics. In order for the objectives of a survey
to be met, the results must reliably project on the larger public, from which the sample is
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drawn. A sample can be scientifically chosen so that each individual in a population has
a known chance of selection.
The survey was conducted for us to know if the building were
implementing OSH standard. The respondents of the survey were 30 nursing students.
The survey focuses to ask questions with regard to health and safety inside the building.
Observation
An observation is either an activity of a living being (such as a human), consisting
of receiving knowledge of the outside world through the senses, or the recording of data
using scientific instruments. The term may also refer to any datum collected during this
activity.
This methodology was used by the authors to gather basic information which was
helpful to this paper, among the PPD Process which benefited from this procedure
were: Product Development Project, Mission Statement, Key Business Goals, Key
Assumptions and Constrains, Concept Development, Product Concept Generation and
Evaluation, Concept Selection, Concept Testing, Product Specifications, Product
Architecture, Incidental Interaction, and Industrial Design. Also, it was helpful in
validating other information gathered in other methodologies, like interview and
documentation analysis.
Documentation Analysis
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This methodology pertains to the process of analysing documents gathered by
the authors through researches and surveys conducted. Chapter 2 takes a big part in
this methodology by using their related studies and literatures as basis for Product
Planning and Development Process. Also, the surveys gathered by the authors were
carefully utilized to sustain the needed information necessary for the PPD Process.
.
Chapter 4
Product Planning and Development
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This chapter presents the Product Planning Development (PPD) Process
generally accepted in the Industrial Engineering field. The information gathered using
the methodologies at Chapter 3 were utilized and segmented as detailed as possible in
order to fit the PPD Process necessary for better understanding of the proposed
product, its feasibility to the market, and this paper.
Product Planning
Product Development Project
The Portable Case-Tab is classified as derivatives of existing product platforms.
That is, the product was derived from the principle of common various existing laptop
tables. Additional features came from working principle of laptop briefcase bag and cool
air.
Type of Product Development: Incremental improvements to existing products
This kind of product development involves adding or modifying some features of
existing products in order to keep the product line current and competitive.
The authors of this PPD Paper chose this kind of product development in order
to suffice the continuing demand to the products usage being developed, and
integrated new concepts and principles in order to enhance the products features for
better customer satisfaction.
Product Opportunities: Ideal posture and design using laptop
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There are laptop users who are satisfied in merely placing their mobile
computers on their laps. When you spend several hours in this position, you will feel the
heat of the laptop on your lap or thighs. Then, since you may not be working in good
body position, your shoulders, arms, back and neck may be strained. Back and neck
pains will persist if you continue working in this position. Furthermore, there is a big
possibility that your laptop may topple. It has not been placed in a steady position so
your irregular body movement may cause it to fall
You can buy a portable ergonomic laptop table. Many of them are not only
ergonomically designed; they are cheap and lightweight. They are also compact to
enable you to place it in your laptop bag together with the computer. They are also
made of different materials and there is a wide array of selection to choose from.
Opportunity Statement: Provide an incremented-design product integrating the usage
of Universal Serial Bus (USB) in different technologically developed gadgets which are
commonly used in college, companies and businesses.
Competitive Strategy
A. Technology Leadership: the continuing development of technology can be an
inspiration of the product of this PPD Paper. More so, in order to successfully
penetrate the market, the product must have an integration of traditionally-
designed and technologically-developed products.
B. Customer Focus: aside from the Technological Leadership, the product must
have a Customer Focus design, one inspiration is the increasing usage of laptop
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and other similar products. Also, the product must conform to different ergonomic
principles.
Product Platform Planning
Product Platform Planning is the set of assets shared across a set of products.
Since this PPD Paper proposes only one product resulted from Research and
Technology Development, the sharing of asset by various products which is the
principle of Product Platform Planning is not applicable in this PPD Paper, but the
derivative product development principle of Product Platform Planning is applicable.
Project Timing
A. Timing of product introduction: the continuing trends on high technology
gadgets including laptops to get along with the cyber world.
B. Technology Readiness: the technical features of the product must conform
to the available technological resources in present time. Another technology
available is the adjustable principle of different parts integrated in most
products in the market.
C. Market Readiness: the continuing demand of laptop, together with the
increase in the market trends of high technology gadgets and use of social
media, networking sites and the likes.
D. Competition: the diverse numbers of organization producing products aiming
various markets must be a consideration; this can be eliminated by
developing a product having unique yet applicable features.
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Product Plan
It is the set of project/s approved by the planning process sequenced in time. The
plan may include a mix of fundamentally new products, platform projects, and derivative
of projects of varying size
Time (Year)
The above figure shows the Project Plan established by the authors of this PPD
Paper. Like Product Platform Planning, this plan shows the shared assets and
resources of products under the New Platform, Derivatives and Improvement levels.
Also, like every plan it involves time factor.
Pre-Project Planning
Once the Product Plan has been established, a Pre-Project Planning takes place.
This plan involves the creation of Product Vision Statement which came from the
previous Opportunity Statement. The Product Vision Statement may be very general,
and it may not say which technologies should be used. In order to provide guidance,
generally the team formulates a more detailed definition of the target market and the
assumptions under which the development team will operate. These decisions are
capture in a Mission Statement.
Product Vision Statement: A product integrating the usage of the briefcase bag with
the laptop table for a convenient use where ever the user may be.
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Table 2
Mission Statement
Mission Statement: Portable Case-Tab
Product Description
1. Portable ergonomically-designed table with cooling pad in the center platform.
2. Adjustable height of the stand of the table that can be folded and hidden inside
the laptop briefcase.
Key Business Goals
1. Introduce new ideas and special features for laptop table
2. Provide comfort and convenience in the users of the product.
3. Capture 50% or above of the primary market.
4. First product introduction on 1st quarter of 2011.
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Primary Market
Laptop users along Makati (business center), business entrepreneurs, techies and
students.
Secondary Market
Laptop users along Metro Manila area, business entrepreneurs and students.
Assumptions and Constrains
1. New ideas and features introduction to the market
2. Reliability and Convenience to its users
3. Manufacturability and longevity of the product
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Chapter 4
Product Planning and Development
This chapter presents the data gathered by the proponents and its analysis. The
information were analyzed using the black box method and were carefully chosen with
the aid of the different techniques and tools as presented on the previous chapter.
Product Planning
Product Development Project
The Portable Case-Tab is classified as derivatives of existing product platforms.
That is, the product was derived from the principle of common various existing laptop
tables. Additional features came from working principle of laptop briefcase bag and cool
air.
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Mission Statement
Mission Statement: Portable Case-Tab
Product Description
The product is a light weight, multifunctional laptop table that is attached to a briefcase
bag. The table has an air cooler, mouse pad, and drawers for mouse and charger which
could be brought anywhere desired.
Key Business Goals
1. Product should be introduced in the first quarter of year 2014.
2. Aid people who were fond of laptops
3. To create a new market that would be competitive compared to other
markets.
4. Assures product quality to satisfy the customers expectations.
5. Cater relative market share two years after market launch.
Primary Market
Business entrepreneurs and employees who use laptop.
Secondary Market
Students who use laptop
Assumptions and Constrains
4. New ideas and features introduction to the market
5. Reliability and Convenience to its users
6. Manufacturability and longevity of the product
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Market Planning
Planning For 5 Year Pre-operation And Future Operation Of The Product Development
MarketingStrategies
1st year 2nd year 3rd year 4th year 5th year
Price
The retailprice for the
PortableCase-Tab
The product isexpected to
increase by 5%
Due to high costof buying rawmaterials theproduct willincrease 5%
Every year theproducts selling
price will increaseby 5 % to cover
up themanufacturing
expense increase
Every year theproducts selling
price will increaseby 5 % to cover
up themanufacturing
expense increase
Promotion
The companypromotes the
productsthrough flyers
and the
internet(socialnetworkingsites)
Promoting itthrough print
ads innewspaper andmagazines and
theinternet(globally)
Company takesto promote it onthe departmentstores for public
product testing
The productintroduces
throughtarpaulins and
billboards
Promotionthrough
advertising by t.v.
or radio station
Product
Redesignedfeatures andnew ideas forthe PortableCase-Tab
Redesignednew featuresand ideas forthe PortableCase-Tab
Redesigned newfeatures andideas for the
Portable Case-Tab and other
high-techgadgets
Redesigned newfeatures andideas for the
Portable Case-Tab and other
upcoming high-tech gadgets
Redesigned newfeatures andideas for the
Portable Case-Tab and other
upcoming high-tech gadgets
People
Introduce theproduct tocustomers
who useslaptop. (NCR)
Company aimsto launch the
product to
people withcomputer-related works.
Introduce it tostudents along
NCR.
Introduce itnationally to
laptop users..
Introduce itinternationally to
laptop users.
PackagingThe productis place on
box
The product ison the box with
defined usage init
The product iswrapped on a boxthat comes with abrochure and an
instructionmanual in it
The product isstill placed on a
box but it isredesigned for itsappearance to be
catchy in theeyes of thecustomer
The product iswrapped on a boxthat comes with abrochure and an
instructionmanual in it
Place
The locationchosen is
Makati Citysince it mostpeople uses
gadgetsincluding
laptop
Will occupydifferent spaces
to openbranches (NCR)
Expanding themarket to Luzon,
Visayas, andMindanao areas
Introducing theproduct in theother countries
Expandingbranches neartransport areasfor export in theother countries
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CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT
Identifying Customers Needs
You will only gain a competitive edge if you have correctly identified your
customer needs. In order to identify customer needs and make use of this information
you will need to do three things: (1) Communicate with your customers and find out
how you can best satisfy their needs; (2) Establish ways to record and interpret
customers feedback, and (3) Use this information when making important decisions
about marketing, buying, merchandising and selling.
Customers are not always able to articulate what they need. By asking key
questions and probing more information you can define their needs. Through survey,
the group gathered information which had been directly stated by the customers for the
development of the product. Primarily, 59 potential customers in selected areas in
Makati and Mandaluyong were considered as common users of laptop.
The chosen 100 respondents are given a questionnaire to fill up. The
questionnaires are composed of six questions that are prepared to the required topic
that will be adding concept to the development process. The answers were interpreted
and summarized for a generalized finding. The results of the questionnaire will be the
basis in making the developed product. Below are the characteristics of the Portable
Case-Tab.
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1 Is Light weight
2 Last a long time
3 Can easily fold/ transform
4 Is affordable
5 Ergonomically designed
6 Multifunctional
7 Portable
8 Variety of sizes (17 and below)
Summary of Survey Result
Survey
Question Yes No Total % of yes % of no Total
1 90 10 100 90% 10% 100%
2 80 20 100 80% 20% 100%
3 76 24 100 76% 24% 100%4 52 48 100 52% 48% 100%
5 32 68 100 32% 68% 100%
6 70 30 100 70% 30% 100%
The above table shows the result of the survey conducted on One
hundred working individuals in Makati and Mandaluyong Area.
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1. How likely (often) do you use a laptop computer?
There are 90 individuals or 90% of the total respondents often use a laptop
computer and 10 individuals or 10% of the individuals are not often using it because
they are busy doing other job.
2. How likely do you feel heat on your lap, back pain and fatigue?
There are 80 individuals or 80% of the total respondents felt heat on their lap,
back pain and fatigue, while 20 individuals or 20% of the individuals do not since they
prefer to use table instead of putting the laptop on their lap.
3. How likely do you wish to have a handy laptop table that you could bring
anywhere you go?
There are 76 individuals or 76% of the total respondents wishes to have a handy
laptop table due to their need and 24 individuals or 24% of the individuals dont like.
4. How likely (often) do you experience difficulty on carrying your laptop?
There are 52 individuals or 52% of the total respondents experienced difficulty on
carrying their laptops because they dont have a well-designed handy bag and 48
individuals or 48% of the individuals dont find it difficult.
5. How likely does your laptop overheat and lag(hang) because of poor cooling
air?
There are 32 individuals or 32% of the total respondents says that their laptop
usually overheat and lag because of poor cooling air and 68 individuals or 68% of them
says that their laptops do not.
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6. Iftheres a briefcase bag for laptops with portable table, how likely do you wish
to have it?
There are 70 individuals or 70% of the total respondents wishes to have a
briefcase bag with portable table and 30 individuals or 30% of the individuals dont like
because of financial matter.
Concept Generation
A product concept is an approximate description of the technology, working
principles, and form of the product. It is a concise description of how the product will
satisfy the customer needs.
The Five-Step Concept Generation Method
1. Clarify the Problem: Clarifying the problem consists of developing a general
understanding and then breaking the problem down into sub-problems if
necessary. One good approach is to establish assumptions about the product
according to its mission statement, and based on this assumption the
development team can integrate it with the customers needs.
Assumption about the product:
A. The Portable Case-Tab is multi-functional.
B. The Portable Case-Tab is ergonomically designed.
C. The Portable Case-Tab is safe to use.
D. The Portable Case-Tab is portable.
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Target Specifications
A. The size of platform of the table fits the average size of a laptop. (15 inch or
less)
B. The table has laptop cooler which can suffice the longer usage of laptop.
C. The table has a movable mouse pad under its platform.
D. The table has a drawer for charger and mouse.
E. The stand of the table is adjustable to fit different users.
F. The table is attached to the briefcase and can be folded easily
A. Decomposition of the Complex Problem into Simpler Sub-problems:
Dividing a problem into simpler sub-problems is called problem decomposing.
One good approach to do this is to represent it as a single black box
operating on material, energy, and signal flows, then divides it into sub-
functions to create more specific description of the elements of the product.
Energy Energy
Material Material
Signal Signal
Figure 8. Black Box of the New Desk-Chair
New Desk-Chair
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Sub-Functions
Energy
Material Multi-
function
Signal
The figure explains how the energy is being translated as the motion is done by the
user. The energy applied is converted into another form and then trigger the motion of
the multi-function Portable Case-Tab.
2. Search Externally: External search is aimed at finding existing solutions to both
the overall problem and to the sub-problems identified during the problem
clarification step. The authors of this PPD Paper search solutions and
essential information available in order to complete the product being proposed.
The authors expand the scope of the search by broadly gathering information
that might be related to the problem and then focus the scope of the search by
exploring the promising directions in more detail. Also, the authors followed the
five-step procedure namely:
Store and
accept external
Convert energy
to translational
energy
Store wood
componentsIsolate the
materials
Push and Pull Trigger Push
and Pull
Apply
translational
energy
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A. Interview Lead Users: By interviewing lead users and the use of questionnaires,
the proponents were able to know the opinions of the target market regarding the
proposed product. With that, the importance of finding a design which satisfies
the problem was established.
A. Consult Experts: Among the experts consulted by the proponents are the
licensed mechanical and electronics engineers who know the functions of
materials to be used in the product being developed. Their inputs served as
guidelines in design and proper choosing of materials and mechanism.
B. Search Patents: This procedure became helpful to the proponents in
identifying competitors to the market. Also, it became important for the
authors to know whether there is existing product available in the market or
being developed by other manufacturers.
C. Search Published Literature: Searching literature is important for it helps in
identifying different principles which may be involved in creating the product.
Published literatures are very important for their insights are established
principles and standard in their own rights. This became helpful to the
proponents for it help them in establishing standard specification for the
product.
D. Benchmark Related Product. Benchmarking is a way to compare the
product to its related ones that are available in the market. It helps the
proponents to evaluate its advantages and constraints and to determine what
will be its standing if launched.
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3. Search Internally: In a concept generation method, the internal search is the
used by individual and group in order to retrieve and enhance the knowledge of
the proponent regarding product development. This process can be carried out
by working together. The improvement of both the member and the groups
internal search take place in four (4) guidelines.
1. Suspend Judgment,
2. Generate a lot of ideas,
3. Welcome ideas that may seem infeasible, and
4. Use graphical and physical media.
Set Target Specifications
Understanding the needs of the potential consumers of the products, the
researchers must initially set target specifications of the product before proceeding to
production. In establishing specifications, list of needs is needed to be able to figure out
the possible features and functions of the product. The list of needs is given below.
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Customer Needs
No. NEED IMPORTANCE UNIT
1 Lightweight 5 gram
2 Can easily be fold/transform 5 stress
3 Portable 5 subjective
4 Multifunctional 5 subjective
5 Ergonomically designed 5 subjective
6 Affordable 5 PhP
7 Variety of sizes (15 and below) 4 inch
8
Can be maintained with readily
available tools 4 -
9 Last long time 5 pascal
A. Concept Classification Tress: The concept classification tree is used to divide
the entire space of possible function into several distinct classes which will
facilitate comparison and pruning.
Legs and feet
Human power concept Arms and fingersScrews, bolts, and
washersStoreand accept Mechanical power conceptenergy Gears and hinges
Wall outletElectrical energy concept
Diodes and circuits
Figure 9. Concept Classification Tree
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Concept Classification Trees shows the flow of function happening at the
mechanism of the proposed product. Each sub-function is divided to further illustrate
their concept.
5. Concept Selection
The concept selection is a group process that facilitates the selection of a
winning concepts, helps build team consensus, and creates a record of the decision
making process. The method of the development process focuses in the selection of
subsystem concepts, components and production processes. In performing concept
selection, the groups follow the two-stage processes: concept screening and concept
scoring. Both are done using a decision matrix, which is used to rate, rank and select
the best concept.
For this study, the proponent used the concept development for the old desk-
chair and the proposed developed desk-chair. From the two concepts of their function,
the team evaluated them using the concept screening and concept scoring matrix to
identify the most ideal between the two with respect to its criteria. In concept screening
matrix, the criteria is being evaluated by using 3 signs, (+) means better than, (0)
means same as and () means worse than. While in concept scoring matrix each
criterion has its own weight values in order to categorize it with its importance.
The criteria were divided into four: functionality, convenience, ergonomics,
durability and manufacturing ease. For each criterion there is a corresponding sub-topic
in order to evaluate the concept clearly
A. Concept Screening
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This method uses a coarse comparison system to narrow the range of concepts
with a common reference as criteria in evaluating the concepts. The purpose of this
stage is to narrow and improve the concepts. With the results of the survey, the group
thought of a mechanically innovative design, and created a criteria based on their need.
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Concept Screening Matrix
SELECTIONCRITERIA
CONCEPTS
A B Existing Laptop table
(Reference)
Light weight + + 0
Can easily befold/transform
+ + 0
Portable + + 0
Durability 0 - 0
Multifunctional 0 0 0
Ergonomically
designed
+ + 0
Affordability - - 0
Variety of sizes (15and below)
Can be maintainedwith readily availabletools
Sum +'s 4 4 0Sum 0's 2 1 7
Sum -'s 1 2 0
Net Score 3 2 0
Rank 1 2 3
Continue? YES YES NO
Table 17 shows the concept screening matrix for the ordinary desk-chair and
proposed developed desk-chair. The selection criteria were listed in consideration to the
two concepts of their functions. The teams assigned symbols like (+) that means better
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than, (0) which means same as and () that means worse than. Net score is the
value taken when the sum of all +s and the sum of all s are combined. Rank is the
hierarchical listing of the three concepts generated after the concept screening process.
B. Concept Scoring: Concept scoring is used when increased resolution will better
differentiate among competing concepts. In this stage, the development team
weighs the relative importance of the selection criteria and focuses on more
refined comparisons with respect to each criterion.
.
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Concept Scoring Matrix
CRITERIA WEIGHT
CONCEPT
A B
R WS R WS
Light weight 10% 5 0.30 3 0.30
Can easily befold/transform
25% 5 1.25 3 0.75
Portable 20% 5 1.00 5 1.00
Durability 20% 4 0.80 3 0.60
Multifunctional 10% 5 0.30 3 0.30Variety of sizes(15 and below)
5% 4 0.15 3 0.15
Affordability 10% 4 0.30 3 0.30
Total Score 4.10 3.40
Rank 1 2
Continue? YES NO
RELATIVE
PERFORMANCE
RATING
Unacceptable 1
Less Acceptable 2
Acceptable 3
More Acceptable 4
Most Acceptable 5
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Table illustrates the Concept Scoring Matrix for Angular Kitchen Knife. The concepts
chosen from the previous process, Concept Screening will be further evaluated through
a finer rating scale, now a 1-5 rating scale due to the need for more additional resolution
to distinguish among competing concepts. The same criteria were used and the team
assigned weighs to each of them. The Ease of Use was given the highest weigh
because it represents the function of the product and the proposed mechanism should
be simple and easy to use. On the other hand, the Attractiveness was given the lowest
since the product is a necessity in the kitchen and therefore doesnt require too much
attention in its appearance.
The team gave rating to concepts with regards to the weight of each criterion. The
weighted score is computed by multiplying the given rating to the assigned weight then
it will be summed up to get the total score. Concept A got a total of 4.10 while Concept
B got only 3.40, and ranked as 1st and 2ndrespectively. The teams evaluation resulted
that A is the most promising concept to develop and will be continued for product
concept testing.
Product Specifications
Through the survey conducted, the proponents were able to gather data that leads
to identify the needs and wants of the customers. It is a vital part in establishing
specifications for the proposed product. Product Specifications is a detailed list of the
characteristics that identify an individual sampled product.
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Set Target Specifications
Understanding the needs of the potential consumers of the products, the
researchers must initially set target specifications of the product before proceeding to
production. In establishing specifications, list of needs is needed to be able to figure out
the possible features and functions of the product. The list of needs is given below.
Table 8
Customer Needs
No. NEED IMPORTANCE
1 Lightweight 5
2 Can easily be fold/transform 5
3 Portable 5
4 Multifunctional 5
5 Ergonomically designed 5
6 Affordable 5
7 Variety of sizes (15 and below) 4
8Can be maintained with readily availabletools
4
9 Last long time 5
Given the needs specified and comprehended by the users, the group analyzed
and generated these metrics that corresponds to each and every need:
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Table 9
List of Metrics
No. NEED IMPORTANCE1 Dimension 5
2 1 Mass 4
3 6 Price 5
4 1,2,3,4,5,7 Ergonomic issues 5
5 9 Durability 4
6 8 Maintenance 4
7 3,4,7 Functional Features 5
From the customer needs and the elements that correspond to these
requirements, a need-metric scale is established to show its relationship . Table 8
shows the Needs-Metrics Scale that corresponds to the correlation of the two. Level of
importance, however were taken from the analysis made from the establishment of
relative importance.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergonomicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maintenance,_repair_and_operationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maintenance,_repair_and_operationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergonomics7/29/2019 feasiblity table
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Table 10
Needs-Metrics Matrix
METRIC
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Dimension
Mass
Price
Ergonomic
Issues
Durability
Maintenance
Functional
Features
NEED
1 Light in weight . .2
Can easily fold /transform .
3 Portable . .
4 Multifunctional . .
5Ergonomicallydesigned .
6 Affordable .7
Variety of sizes (15
and below) . .8
Can be maintainedwith readily availabletools
.
9 Last long time .
Table shows the relationship between the needs and its corresponding
metrics. A circle mark located on cells means that the need and the metric are
associated in a particular cell listed; performance relative to the metric will influence the
degree to which the product satisfies the customer needs.
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Table 4.10
Final Product Specifications
No. Metric Unit Value
1 Product Dimensions Inch Rattan Bag:
Height = 3
Width = 10.2
Length = 17.6
Table:
Height = 1.5
Width = 10
Length = 15
Stand:
Height = 1
Width = 0.5
Length = 10
2 Total Mass Gram
3 Price PhP
4 Ergonomic Issue Year5 Durability Subjective
6 Maintenance Subjective
7 Functional Features Subjective
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Table 4.10 presents the final product specifications of the Portable Case-Tab. After
the thorough evaluation of the chosen concepts in accordance to the established needs
of the customers, the group was able to generate the final product specifications.
Metric No.1 Product Dimensions
Rattan Bag:
Height = 3
Width = 10.2
Length = 17.6
Table:
Height = 1.5
Width = 10
Length = 15
Stand:
Height = 1
Width = 0.5
Length = 10
Metric No.2 Total mass
Rattan bag = 0.7kg
Table = 1.5kg
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Metric No. 3 Price
Less than or equal to 200
Concept Testing
After the concept generation process, the team was able to choose which concept to
pursue as part of product development that is the Portable Case-Tab having adjustable
stand with push-hold-move mechanism, multifunctional and portable. Concept Testing
is used to take into account peoples reaction to a basic idea of the product, helping in
making decisions such as pass/fail or go/no go. It forecasts the demand and analyzes
whether the product is actually ready to be launched.
Once the team had chosen a concept to pursue, the next is to choose the survey
population. The team had chosen the business entrepreneurs and students in Makati
and Mandaluyong, respectively. The group assumed that the result of the survey
performed reflects or is also the same with what the expected target market thinks
about the proposed product.
The group devised a survey form that has a short description of the proposed
product for the respondents to have an idea of it. Then a screener questions were
provided to determine whether they belong to the expected target market or not. To
measure customer responses, the team used the most common purchase-intent scale
which is classified into five response categories.
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PURCHASE INTENT SCALE
*Definitely would buy.
*Probably would buy.
*Might or might not buy.
*Probably would not buy
*Definitely would not buy.
Survey Result Entrepreneurs
Figure shows the result of the survey conducted on one hundred household
respondents. Among the one hundred respondents 14% confirmed that they would
definitely purchase the product while 42% said that they would probably purchase the
product. There are 36% respondents of the total respondents answered that they might
14%
42%
36%
4% 4%
Portable Case-Tab Concept Testing Survey)
Would definitely purchase
Would probably Purchase
Might or might not purchase
Would probably not purchase
Woul definitely not purchase
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or might not purchase the product. On the other hand, 4% respondents of the total
respondents would probably not purchase the product and 4% said that they would
definitely not purchase the Angular Kitchen Knife.
The survey concluded that if ever the Portable Case-Tab will be out of the market by
next year, there is a big possibility that the product will get the bigger portion of the cake
if it will be properly advertised and sell to the public.
After a brief discussion of all the data gathered from the previous survey, survey
results must be well interpreted. Based on the results of the survey we can now
estimate the demand of the product.
The formulas used are as follows:
Q = N x A x P
Where:
Q = quantity of the products expected to be sold during a period of time
N = number of potential customers expected to make purchase
A = fraction of potential customers
P = probability that the product is purchased if available
P = (C definitely x F definitely) + (C probably X F probably)
Where:
F definitely = fraction of survey respondents indicating that they would definitely
purchase
F probably = fraction of survey respondents indicating that they would probably
purchase
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C definitely = 0.4 (calibration constant established based on experience)
C probably = 0.2 (calibration constant established based on experience)
Therefore:
P = (C definitely x F definitely) + (C probably X F probably)
P = (0.4 x 0.27) + (0.2 x 0.35)
P = 0.178 or 17.8%
Q = N x A x P
Where:
N = 100 (from Concept Test Survey, number of respondents)
A = 0.62 (from Concept Test Survey, probably and definitely)
P = 0.178 (calculated)
Q = 100 x 0.62 x 0.178
Q = 11.036 unit
The team found out that there is 17.8 % probability that the Angular Kitchen Knife
will be purchased if available in the market and the team can sold 11.036 or 11 units in
a given period of time.
Product Architecture
Product architecture is the scheme by which the functional elements of the
product are arranged into physical chunks and by which the chunks interact.
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The researchers organized the product into several major physical building
blocks, which is called chunks. The chunks are then made up of a collection of
components that implemented the functions of the product.
The Portable Case-Tab is an innovative product that has screw and washer
mechanism to adjust the stand. In which the features are added to an laptop table to
make it a more ergonomically and fit customers demand.
Product Geometric Layout
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Part Dimension Function
Bag
Height = 3 inches
Width = 10 inches
Length = 17.6 inches
Use to place the things.
Table
Height = 10 inches
Width = 10 inches
Length = 15 inches
Use to keep things up from
the ground
Handle Length = 4 inches
Height = 1 inch
Holds the bag and helps
the user to be comfortable.
Strap Length = 54inches
Width = 1inch
Supports the bag and can
use to carry the bag using
the body
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Chunks Fundamental Functions
Part Function
Mouse pad To have a good use of
mouse
Air cooler To have a better cooling
system
Roller
To make the folding of
wood easy.
Washer
To make the folding of
wood easy.
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Screw
To make the folding of
wood easy.
Table 4.11 and 4.12 shows the parts and chunks fundamental functions of
Angular Kitchen Knife with its corresponding dimensions.
Industrial Design
Industrial design is another process of concept development that is use to improve
the aesthetics, ergonomics, and usability of a product.
Table 4.13
Assessing the Importance of Industrial Design for the Angular Kitchen Knife
Needs Level of Importance Explanation of Rating
Low Medium High
Can easily befold/transform
It easy to transform. In just a minuteyou hae a table for laptop
Portable
The product can be brought anywhereyou want.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aestheticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergonomicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Product_(business)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Product_(business)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergonomicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aesthetics7/29/2019 feasiblity table
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Multifunctional The table have many functions on it.
Ergonomically
designed
It is user-friendly. User will not getbody pains when using it
Affordable
Since the material is indegenious, theprice is quite big because raw
materials are not easy to acquire.
Can be
maintained withreadily availabletools
The quality of product is good but itstill depends on the user.
Last long time
The quality of product is good but itstill depends on the user.
Variety of sizes(15 and below)
The variety is only 15 and less.
Light weight
Since were promoting indigenousmaterial, the weight is quite heavy.
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Needs Level of Importance Explanation of Rating
Aesthetics Low Medium High
Pride ofownership,fashion,or image
The product was innovated toprovide ease of use. The teamdeveloped different feature for it toattract the customer to avail it.
Table was used to show the level of importance of each criterion on the two dimensions
that was considered. The team found out that both ergonomics and aesthetics are both
important for the proposed product. Accordingly, Industrial Design did intend play a
large role in determining many of the product specifications and functions.
Further Refinement and Final Concept Selection
The final refinement step presents the hand model of the product. At this stage,
the idea drawn from the thumbnail sketches and focuses it into a more intensive
drawing known as renderings. Renderings show the details of the design in two or
three dimensions creating a great deal of information about the product.
Unit Manufacturing Cost
Manufacturing cost in most businesses is a key determinant of the economic
success of the product. In simple terms, economic success depends on the profit
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margin earned on each sale of the product and on how many units of the product the
firm can sell. Economically successful design is therefore about ensuring high product
quality while minimizing manufacturing cost.
Unit manufacturing cost of a product consists of three categories: component
cost, overhead cost and labor cost. Component cost of a product may be named as
direct material cost. It refers to the cost of the parts of the product either standard or
custom parts that are purchased from the suppliers. Labor cost refers to the payment
rendered to the workers to produce the product in a given period of time. The group
chose to have the manufacturing in Antipolo, and therefore adapt the provincial wage
rate. Lastly, overhead cost is the category used to encompass all of the other costs as
shown below. Summing up the three categories will yield to total manufacturing cost per
unit.
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Material Cost
Component Price/Quantity
Wood Platform/
Stand
150 per piece (block) 120 per peice
(min.100 block)
Rattan 4 per peice (min.100)
Handle 16 per piece 10 per peice
(min.100)
Aircooler 250 200 per peice
(min.100)
Mouse pad 149.2 per peice
(min.100)
Strap 47 per peice
(min.100)
Washer 0.4 per peice
(min.100)
Roller 4 per piece
Screws 250 per 100
Labor Cost
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Process Table Bag Total Time Cost
Cutting Platform = 4 minutes
Stand = 8minutes
10 minutes 22 minutes 14.67
Weaving 0 20 minutes
(machine)
20 minutes 400,000
(machine cost)
Assembling
Attaching
20 minutes 10 minutes 30 minutes 20
20 minutes 20 minutes 13.33
Finishing 10 minutes 10 minutes 20 minutes 13.33
Total 52 minutes 65 minutes 112 minutes 74.67
Note that: Provincial Rate for Plantation = P320.00 per day with 8 working hours per
day.
Labor Cost = P320.00/day x 1day/8hours = P40.00/hour
Total Time per unit = 117mins. x 1hour/60mins. = 1.86 hours
Total labor Cost per Unit = P40.00/hour x 1.95hours = P78.00
Overhead Cost
Electricity/month = P4,000.00
Water/month = P1,000.00
Equipment P400,000 with expected depreciation of 2,880 days
Depreciation Cost = P400,000/ 2,880days = P138.88/day
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Expected Output per day = 4 bags per person and 30% of 1 bag
Total Overhead Cost per unit = P5,000/30 x .300 bag + P138.88/day = P177.64
Total Cost per unit = P277.76+ P138.88 + P177.64
Total Cost per unit = P594.28 = 594.50
Literature of the Product
How to Use
Portable Case-Tab like any other table is used to place the laptop away from the
floor. In contrast, this kind of table is different from those existing designs in terms of its
mechanism since it has an adjustable in different angles to give a more relaxed and
comfortable working position. Below are the steps to follow on how to use the Portable
Case-Tab
1. Open the bag
2. Lift up the flat form to use the table,
3. Adjust the angle and height of the stand of the table
4. Twist the mouse pad under the table if need.
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Longevity of the Product
Portable Case-Tab is made up of wood while its bag is made of rattan. These
ensures the durability and prolonged existence since the material possesses physical
properties such as corrosion resistance and heat resistance, high toughness, strength-
to-weight advantage, and ease of cleaning ability.
However, longevity of the product doesnt only depend on the quality of the
material content but it should also take into consideration the careful use of the product
by the user. That is, the user must be cautious and aware of safety precautions in
dealing with the product since it is a sharp object.
Generally, the prolonged existence of the product depends on both the quality of
the product and the way the user utilize it.
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Chapter 5
Recommendation
Based on the research presented in the previous chapters, the Portable Case-
Tab is proven feasible. That is, the product possesses characteristics that satisfy
customer needs such as quality, safety utilization, ergonomically designed, and good
aesthetics. In addition to, the group conducted a survey wherein the result showed that
the product is marketable and competitive to those existing ones since consumers were
in deed need and had the desire to utilize the newly designed product.
As a recommendation, the proponent must continue on pursuing a better way for
the products function, and developed more concise features. Considering all these
statements, the team may be able to fully-develop the product into something more
useful and convenient to its user and to the whole market as a whole.
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