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Fats - Are the rocks crying out?. FAT IS GOOD. But How Much, and What Kind of Fat?. Although fat in the diet in the number one concern amongst grocery shoppers. ...30% more people are overweight today than in the late 1970’s. Some of the “costs” of being overweight. DiabetesCancer - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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FAT IS GOODBut How Much,
and What Kind of Fat?
Although fat in the diet in the number one concern amongst grocery shoppers...
...30% more people are overweight today than in
the late 1970’s.
Some of the “costs” of being overweight
Diabetes Cancer
Stroke Heart Disease
The Framington Study found that systolic blood pressure levels increased an average of six points and LDL cholesterol levels increased an average of nine mg/dl for every 10% increase above one’s ideal body weight.
Results of lowering the blood pressure
For the general population, a 3mm decrease in systolic blood pressure
would result in:
•11 percent fewer strokes
•7 percent fewer coronary events
•5 percent fewer deaths
Health ImplicationsHealth Implications
• Insulin Resistance• Diabetes Type II• Hypertension• Dyslipidemia• Coronary Heart
Disease• Gout• Osteoarthritis
• Gall Bladder Disease & Stones
• Cancers of Bowel, Breast, GU Tract
• Skin Diseases (especially fungal diseases)
• Sleep Apnea with chronic hypoxia
“Greatly” increases risks of:
Solomon et al. Obesity & motality: a review of epidemiological data. Am J Clin Nutr 1997 Oct 66:4 1044S
Free or combined fats?Free or combined fats?
Good sources?Good sources?
Refined FatRefined Fat
It takes 10-14 ears of corn to make one tablespoon of corn oil. As refined or free oil, it
comes without its fiber, minerals, vitamins, enzymes, and other unknown nutrients.
Hyperlipemic blood. Marked creamy layer is striking. When mixed, the blood sample
looks like cream of tomato soup.
Why do we need fat in the diet?Why do we need fat in the diet?•Fat facilitates the absorption of the fat soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K.
•A certain amount is also needed to make our meals palatable.
•Fat supplies the essential fatty acids.– Immune response– Inflammatory reactions– Blood pressure– Blood clotting– Hormonal balance– Blood cholesterol levels
Saturated or Unsaturated
What’s the Difference?
Saturated vs. Unsaturated
Studies showed unsaturated fats
lowered heart attack rate
Massive shift to poly-unsaturated cooking
oils
Heart attacks have not declined
Saturated FatSaturated Fat• Come largely from animals
• Are solid at room temperature
• The worst kind of fats
• Most responsible for excess manufacture of cholesterol in the body
• Coconut, palm, and palm-kernel oil are also highly saturated
SaturatedFat
Polyunsaturated fatsPolyunsaturated fats• Liquid at room temperature.
• Come from vegetable sources such as corn, soybean, safflower, sunflower, sesame, cottonseed.
• Often hydrogenated, forming trans-fatty acids which have been found to be a likely cause of cancer.
UnsaturatedFat
Monounsaturated fatsMonounsaturated fats• Olive oil, peanut oil, olives, and avocados.
• Also found in beans, grains, vegetables, nuts, and seeds.
• Determined to be the best kind of fat.
Fat Remains Longer in the StomachFat Remains Longer in the Stomach
• It coats the particles of carbohydrates and protein.
• Salivary and gastric juices cannot digest fats.
• These particles of food pass out of the stomach undigested.
• Fermentation, sour stomach, heartburn, gas, and indigestion occur
Fried FoodsFried Foods• Frying fats reaches temperatures of over
315o Celsius.
• At these temperatures the natural cis-fatty acids are converted into trans-fatty acids.
Fat Head...Fat Head...• Large amounts of saturated fats can cause a sharp drop in the
amount of oxygen that reaches the brain cells.• Good though requires a good amount of oxygen in the brain.• In one study using dairy cream, the oxygen in the brain
dropped 30%.• Restricted blood flow to the brain impairs clear thinking,
causes headaches, and leads to senility.• A fat-rich meal can cause the oxygen level in the brain to drop
to 68% and require three days to return to 95% of normal.
...or Air Head?...or Air Head?• Excess fat causes the red blood cells to stick
together, reducing their oxygen carrying capacity.
• Only a 35% reduction of oxygen is necessary to produce malignant cells from normal cells.
• Nine to twelve hours are required for this clumping to begin reversing, and 72 hours for circulation to return to normal.
Fight Heart Disease
Help decrease platelet stickiness Decrease blood pressure Decrease serum triglycerides Decrease muscular damage from heart attack Decrease likelihood of blood vessel blockage after angioplasty or surgery
Fish from mildly polluted water concentrate toxins up to more that 1,000,000 times more than detected in water
Toxins in their fatty tissues include pesticides, chlorinated hydrocarbons, mercury, and dioxin
Fish can also be contaminated with PCB’s, various heavy metals, petroleum hydrocarbons, halogenated organic compounds, and lead
Biomagnification of DDD InsecticideBiomagnification of DDD Insecticide
Sample siteSample site DDD,ppmDDD,ppm
Lake waterLake water 0.02 0.02
PhytoplanktonPhytoplankton 55
Herbivorous fishHerbivorous fish 40-300 40-300
Carnivorous fishCarnivorous fish >2,500 >2,500
Problems with Fish and Fish OilProblems with Fish and Fish Oil
• Can worsen blood sugar levels in diabetics
• Large amounts can dangerously prolong blood clotting time
• Fish oil is expensive
• Can lead to an increase in body weight
• Sea food is a large reservoir for infectious diseases
• Toxins acquired from contaminated waters concentrate in the fatty tissues of fish
A Sad State
• 1-25% Fat>75% Unsaturated
• 5% Protein• 70-90% Unrefined
Carbohydrates(mostly
complex)
• 37% Fat80-90% Saturated
• 12% Protein• 27% Carbohydrates
(mostly refined)• 24% Refined Sugar!
Ideal Diet Standard American Diet
The Fat Family Weighs in
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Canola
Safflo
wer
Sunflow
er
CornOliv
e
Soyb
ean
Mar
garin
e
Peanut
Chicke
n fat
Beef f
at
Butter
Saturated Polyunsaturated Monounsaturated
Under 30 and fatty streaks Under 30 and fatty streaks alreadyalready
12
19 21
30
51
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
110 140 170 200 230
Aorta wall covered with fatty streaks vs. cholesterol level in people under 30
%
Serum cholesterol
Serum Cholesterol & Serum Cholesterol & Mortality RiskMortality Risk
55 5880
140
183
0
50
100
150
200
200 200-219 220-239 240-259 260…Cholesterol Level
Mortality
Risk
Sources of Dietary Sources of Dietary CholesterolCholesterol
Cholesterol is found ONLY in meat, milk, eggs, and
cheese.
This includes chicken and fish.
Common Common Atherosclerotic SitesAtherosclerotic Sites
• Cerebral arteries
• Carotid arteries
• Coronary arteries
• Aorta
• Renal arteries
• Femoral arteries
• Stroke
• Heart attack
• Angina pectoris
• Aneurysm
• Intermittent claudication
• Gangrene
Fat content of dairy products
• Skim milk…… 0-1%• Filled milk…….. 2%• Whole milk…… 3%• Cream cheese…. 35%• Cheddar…….…. 32%• American……… 30%• Muenster………. 30%
• Swiss……….….. 25%• Mozzarella…..… 25%• Neufchâtel….….. 25%• Camembert… 25-27%• Brie………… 25-27%• Ricotta…………. 12%• Cottage cheese.. 3-5%
Cheese & butter 2-4 times a week...
• 3.2 times higher risk of breast cancer for women compared to once a week use
• 3.6 times greater risk of fatal prostate cancer for men who eat meat, dairy, eggs daily over sparingly
Lifestyle Changes and Lifestyle Changes and MortalityMortality Reduced Heart
Disease Deaths
Actions:Actions:• lowered cholesterol
intake• lowered blood
pressure• stopped smoking
ResultsResults:• 55% decreased death
rate in men• 68% decreased death
rate in women
In Finland, 14,257 men and 14,786 women:
Total Vegan Diet Total Vegan Diet BenefitsBenefits
• Zero cholesterol• Low saturated fat• High fiber• Zero animal protein• Rich in antioxidants• Rich in folic acid and B6• Promotes weight control• More nutrients for the dollar
7 Steps to Lower 7 Steps to Lower TriglyceridesTriglycerides
• Lose weight
• Exercise
• Eat less fat
• Decrease stress
• Stop smoking
• Abstain from alcohol
• Avoid sugar
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