Face Change presentation

FACE CHANGE

innovationand rapid evolution in

building skin technology

today’s facade technology is not what it was 5 years — or even 3 years ago...

OUT WITH THE OLD

the appearance and performance of the urban environment must undergo transformation

TRANSITION

find the DRIVERS OF CHANGEand leverage them to innovate

dominant drivers today in building skin technology• geometric complexity• material and process diversity• acoustical performance

World Trade Center Transportation Hub

Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

Fulton Street Transit Center

National Museum of African American

History & Culture

New San Diego United States Courthouse

New Stanford Hospital

West 57th Street

Colombia University: Jerome L Greene Science Center

SFMOMA

PROJECT CASE STUDIES

History & Culture

West 57th Street

SFMOMA

PROJECT CASE STUDIES 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10

Fulton Street Transit CenterNew York, NY

ARCHITECTGrimshaw ArchitectsARTISTJames Carpenter Design AssociatesGCPlaza Construction + Schiavone ConstructionCABLE NET FABTriPyramid StructuresCOMPLETION2014BUILDING TYPEtransportation hubFAÇADEsolar reflector shell, free form cable net structure

1056coordinates

952unique panels

1universal connector

History & Culture

West 57th Street

SFMOMA

Gates FoundationSeattle, WA

ARCHITECTNBBJGCSellenFAÇADE CONSULTANTMorrison HershfieldCOMPLETION2012PROGRAMtwo 6-story buildings, 900,000 sqftBUILDING TYPEcultural FAÇADEdesign/assist–design/build custom curtainwall and cable net systems

Gates FoundationSeattle, WA

vertical cable supported

glass facade

ARCHITECTNBBJGCSellenFAÇADE CONSULTANTMorrison HershfieldCOMPLETION2012PROGRAMtwo 6-story buildings, 900,000 sqftBUILDING TYPEcultural FAÇADEdesign/assist–design/build custom curtainwall and cable net systems

300,000 sqft custom

unitized curtainwall

History & Culture

West 57th Street

SFMOMA

New San Diego United States CourthouseSan Diego, CA

ARCHITECTRichard Meier & Partners ArchitectsGCHensel Phelps ConstructionFAÇADE CONSULTANTCurtainwall Design ConsultingCOMPLETION2012PROGRAM16-stories, 467,000 sqftBUILDING TYPEcourthouseFAÇADE300,000 sqft

extensiveterracotta

ARCHITECTRichard Meier & Partners ArchitectsGCHensel Phelps ConstructionFAÇADE CONSULTANTCurtainwall Design ConsultingCOMPLETION2012PROGRAM16-stories, 467,000 sqftBUILDING TYPEcourthouseFAÇADE300,000 sqft

1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10

New San Diego United States CourthouseSan Diego, CA

oversized 9 x 19 ft

complexAESS

History & Culture

SFMOMA

West 57th Street

West 57th StNew York, NY

ARCHITECTBjarke Ingels GroupGCHunter RobertsFAÇADE CONSULTANTIsrael Berger & AssociatesCOMPLETION2016BUILDING TYPEresidential

2.3.9 - 625 W. 57th St.

Sloped Panel Wall

Wall Type 1

Analysis

Utilizing our inhouse software development capabilities, we were able to custom tailor a set of procedures to study geometrical characteristics of the sloped wall system. The images to the right are a sampling of these analysis. It estimates the warpage for the structural framing and galvanized back pans as well as the stainless steel cladding panels. They depict initial geometry and the subsequent subdivisions to create individual unit and panel discretization. It is our intent to use these tool to further optimize the final geometry to establish a more robust and economical solution to the panel system.

Less than 1/2” over the length of the panel

Less than 1/4” over the length of the panel

Less than 1” over the length of the panel

Sloped Wall - Framing and Mullion Subdivision

Sloped Wall - Initial Panel Analysis

study of geometrical characteristics of sloped wall system to estimate the warpage for structural framing and galvanized back pans, as well as the stainless steel cladding panels

images depict initial geometry and subsequent subdivisions to create individual unit and panel discretization

Panel Composition1. Aluminum2. Shop Applied Structural Silicone3. Field Applied Sealant4. Gasket5. Thermal Insolator6. Backer Rod7. “Wiper” Gasket8. Mineral Wool Insulation9. Steel10. Fasteners11. Insulated Glass Unit12. Galvanized Panel13. Stainless Steel Panel14. SS Window Washing Track15. Coated Metal Panel

sloped wall cross section detail and 3D rendering

History & Culture

West 57th Street

SFMOMA

SFMOMASan Francisco, CA

ARCHITECTSnohettaGCWebcorCOMPLETION2016PROGRAM10-stories, 185,000 sqft expansionBUILDING TYPEcivicFAÇADEdesign/assist for 8 custom wall types

panelwarpage

FRPpanels

single pass unitized system:insulation, primary and secondary weather barrier and FRP armature are pre-fabricated into a unitized system

unitized system uses aluminum framing to allow for certain units to be slightly cold warped into position along the double curved surfaces of the east and west elevations

largest application

of FRP in the US to date

FRP panelperforated aluminum panel

National Fire Protection Associaton 285:Standard Fire Test Method for Evaluation of Fire Propagation Characteristics of Exterior Non-Load-Bearing Wall Assemblies Containing Combustible Components

History & Culture

West 57th Street

SFMOMA

World Trade Center Transportation HubNew York, NY

ARCHITECTSantiago CalatravaGCTishman Construction / Turner Construction Company JVCOMPLETION2014BUILDING TYPEtransportationFAÇADEdesign/build for operable skylight system

operableskylight

ARCHITECTSantiago CalatravaGCTishman Construction / Turner Construction Company JVCOMPLETION2014BUILDING TYPEtransportationFAÇADEdesign/build for operable skylight system

rapidprototyping

West 57th Street

SFMOMA

National Museumof African American

History & Culture

National Museum of African American History & CultureWashington, DC

ARCHITECTFreelon Adjaye Bond / SmithGroup

GCClark Construction Group

COMPLETION2015

BUILDING TYPEcultural

corona screen

SYSTEM COMPONENTS

1. Corona Panels

2. Corona Steel Vertical

3. Corona Steel Frames

4. Steel Spandrel

5. Steel Horizontal Truss

6. Steel Mullions

7. Stainless Steel Castings

8. Stainless Steel Cables

9. Stainless Steel Rods

10. Steel Bottom Box Beam

11. Curtain Wall

12. Glass Skylight

13. Glass Canopy

14. Rafter Panel

Ultra High Performance

Concrete

Stamped Bronze Sheet Cast Bronze

Cast Aluminum with Bronze

Sprayed Finish

Stamped Aluminum with Bronze

Sprayed Finish

Cast Aluminum with Painted Finish

corona panel

samples

cast aluminum fabrication

structural analysis

Cast Aluminum - A356.0-T6WL = 25 psf (1.2 kPa)

Deflection: 0.274 in < 0.36 in OKStress: 11.9 ksi < 21.6 ksi OK

Utilization: 55.2%

full-scalemock up

History & Culture

West 57th Street

SFMOMA

New StandfordHospital

ARCHITECTRafael Vinoly ArchitectsGCClark / McCarthy JVFAÇADE CONSULTANTAllana Buick & BersCOMPLETION2018PROGRAM7-stories, 812,000 sqftBUILDING TYPEhealthcareFAÇADEcomprehensive design/assist–design/build package including custom unitized curtainwall, metal panels + doors

New Stanford HospitalStanford, CA

pressurized double skin

facade

ARCHITECTRafael Vinoly ArchitectsGCClark / McCarthy JVFAÇADE CONSULTANTAllana Buick & BersCOMPLETION2018PROGRAM7-stories, 812,000 sqftBUILDING TYPEhealthcareFAÇADEcomprehensive design/assist–design/build package including custom unitized curtainwall, metal panels + doors

New Stanford HospitalStanford, CA

History & Culture

West 57th Street SFMOMA

Colombia University: Jerome L Greene Science CenterNew York, NY

rendering courtesy of Columbia University

ARCHITECTRenzo Piano Building WorkshopCOMPLETION2015PROGRAM10-stories, 362,700 sqftBUILDING TYPEeducation / researchFAÇADE175,988 sqft of building skin

6wall types

rendering courtesy of Columbia University

ARCHITECTRenzo Piano Building WorkshopCOMPLETION2015PROGRAM10-stories, 362,700 sqftBUILDING TYPEeducation / researchFAÇADE175,988 sqft of building skin

twin-span double skin

facade

5.8 - Columbia University

Northbound Trains (77 - 83 dB(A))

Southbound Trains (88 - 92 dB(A))

25 32 40 50 63 80 100

Frequency (Hz)

( ( ))

Ambient - Vehicle Traffic (No Trains) 62 - 71 dB(A)

Space TypeRecommended

NC-CurveEquivalent Sound

level (dB)

Conference rooms 25-30 35-40

Private Offices 30-35 40-45

Open-plan Areas 35-40 45-50

Business machines/computers 40-45 50-55

Laboratories 35-40 45-50

Corridors 30-35 40-45

Public Areas 35-40 45-50

Lecture and classrooms 25-30 35-40

Open-plan classrooms 35-40 45-50

Movie motion picture theaters 30-35 40-45

Libraries 35-40 40-50

Restaurants 40-45 50-55

Table 4 - Noise Criteria Rating

Figure 8 - SPL Measurements of Building Exterior APPENDIX G - SM&W Measured Train Noise

Wall Type WT-3 Outside / Inside Noise Analysis

Wall type WT-3 encloses the east, northeast and southeast faces of the building. As such it is directly subjected to noise caused by the elevated train, which is located within 60’ of the building facade. The curtainwall design adapts a very efficient double skin envelop to mitigated the excessive noise levels caused by the train traffic.

A series of in situ test were conducted by “SM&W Acoustical Consultants” and was submitted as part of the contract documents. These results were employed in the report.

Although, the most accurate way of estimating the sound pressure level inside the building, is to perform field mock-up tests, it is possible to use an approximated procedure to compute the facade’s noise ingress.

The noise level in a room due to sound penetrating a façade element may be calculated according to BS EN 12354-3 and BS 8233 from:

L2=L1- R + 10Log(S/V) + 10Log(T) + 11

Where:

• L2 = noise level in room dB• L1 = external free field noise dB.• R = sound reduction index dB• S = area of façade portion, m2.• V = room volume, m3

• T = reverberation time, s.

In this report typical field measurements from each of the three noise conditions (ambient vehicular traffic, northbound and southbound train traffic) were used

to estimate the room noise level for a typical room of 20’ wide by 20’ deep, adjacent to the curtainwall type WT-3 (14’-9” high). A reverberation time of 0.5 seconds was used to simulate the interior conditions.

The resulting sound spectra for the room interior is then plotted over the standard NC-curves (see figure 9).

The appropriate NC designation is then estimated. This designation can be compared to the recommend NC-curves for different types of spaces (see table

4), to asses the performance of the exterior envelope. It is concluded that even for the most severe sound pressure levels (northbound train) the system performs in a satisfactory manner (NC-30 to NC-35).

It is again important, to note that these results have a confidence level of +/- 3 points.

5.8 - Columbia University

Northbound Trains (77 - 83 dB(A))

Southbound Trains (88 - 92 dB(A))

25 32 40 50 63 80 100

Frequency (Hz)

( ( ))

Ambient - Vehicle Traffic (No Trains) 62 - 71 dB(A)

Space TypeRecommended

NC-CurveEquivalent Sound

level (dB)

Conference rooms 25-30 35-40

Private Offices 30-35 40-45

Open-plan Areas 35-40 45-50

Business machines/computers 40-45 50-55

Laboratories 35-40 45-50

Corridors 30-35 40-45

Public Areas 35-40 45-50

Lecture and classrooms 25-30 35-40

Open-plan classrooms 35-40 45-50

Movie motion picture theaters 30-35 40-45

Libraries 35-40 40-50

Restaurants 40-45 50-55

Table 4 - Noise Criteria Rating

Figure 8 - SPL Measurements of Building Exterior APPENDIX G - SM&W Measured Train Noise

Wall Type WT-3 Outside / Inside Noise Analysis

Wall type WT-3 encloses the east, northeast and southeast faces of the building. As such it is directly subjected to noise caused by the elevated train, which is located within 60’ of the building facade. The curtainwall design adapts a very efficient double skin envelop to mitigated the excessive noise levels caused by the train traffic.

A series of in situ test were conducted by “SM&W Acoustical Consultants” and was submitted as part of the contract documents. These results were employed in the report.

Although, the most accurate way of estimating the sound pressure level inside the building, is to perform field mock-up tests, it is possible to use an approximated procedure to compute the facade’s noise ingress.

The noise level in a room due to sound penetrating a façade element may be calculated according to BS EN 12354-3 and BS 8233 from:

L2=L1- R + 10Log(S/V) + 10Log(T) + 11

Where:

• L2 = noise level in room dB• L1 = external free field noise dB.• R = sound reduction index dB• S = area of façade portion, m2.• V = room volume, m3

• T = reverberation time, s.

In this report typical field measurements from each of the three noise conditions (ambient vehicular traffic, northbound and southbound train traffic) were used

to estimate the room noise level for a typical room of 20’ wide by 20’ deep, adjacent to the curtainwall type WT-3 (14’-9” high). A reverberation time of 0.5 seconds was used to simulate the interior conditions.

The resulting sound spectra for the room interior is then plotted over the standard NC-curves (see figure 9).

The appropriate NC designation is then estimated. This designation can be compared to the recommend NC-curves for different types of spaces (see table

4), to asses the performance of the exterior envelope. It is concluded that even for the most severe sound pressure levels (northbound train) the system performs in a satisfactory manner (NC-30 to NC-35).

It is again important, to note that these results have a confidence level of +/- 3 points.

Some of the facade is directly subjected to noise caused by the elevated train, which is located within 60’ of the building facade.

ATS performed tests and calculations to determine the appropriate design solutions in order to meet STC and OITC acoustic standards for the interior program.

inter-story acoustic analysis

1. Vertical Strongback

2. Stainless Steel Bracket

3. Steel Verticals

4. Steel Horizontals

5. Aluminum Verticals

6. Aluminum Horizontals

7. Insulated Glass

CWTYPE 1

exploded isometricsection

DOUBLE SKIN FACADE

1. Aluminum Verticals

2. Aluminum Horizontals

3. Insulated Glass

4. Laminated Glass

5. Cast Braces

6. Sunshades

7. Steel Grate

8. Anchor

9. Operable Vision Door

CWTYPE 3

History & Culture

West 57th Street

SFMOMA

ARCHITECTGenslerENGINEERThornton TomasettiGCTurner ConstructionFACADE CONTRACTORCupplesCOMPLETION2014

Tilt!Chicago, IL

94thfloor

Tilt!Chicago, IL

3hydralics

Tilt!Chicago, IL

26foot-wide platform

Tilt!Chicago, IL

30degree tilt

Tilt!Chicago, IL

1,000ft aboveChicago

DRIVERS OF CHANGE

Aesthetic considerations remain the dominant drivers.

Performance has yet to emerge as a prominent driver of building and building facade implementation.

There is much more change to come!

advanced technology studiomic pattersonmpatterson@enclos.com

Face Change presentation

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