Extremophiles. Thermophiles and Hyperthomophiles

Extremophiles

Thermophiles and Hyperthomophiles

Halophiles

Methanothermobacter thermoautotrophicus

Methanogens

Methanobacterium ruminatium

Phototrophic Bacteria

Blue-Green Bacteria (Cyanobacteria)

Green Sulfur Bacteria

Green Nonsulfur Bacteria

Gram Positive Bacteria

Low G+C Bacteria

Clostridium botulinumClostridium tetani

Clostridium perfringens

Characteristics

•Obligate anaerobic rods•Forms endospores

Diseases

•Tetanus•Botulism•Gangrene•Severe Diarrhea

Clostridium

Bacilli [Bacillus, Streptococcus,Staphylococcus]Bacillus anthracis Streptococcus pyogenes Staphylococcus aureus

Characteristics

•Facultative anaerobic rods•Endospore forming

Diseases

•Anthrax•Vomitting, nausea, cramping

Characteristics

•Cocci in chains

Diseases

•Strep throat•Scarlet fever•Impetigo•Pneumonia

Characteristics

•Cocci in clusters

Diseases

•Bacteremia•Food poisoning•Toxic shock syndrome

Gram Positive Bacteria

High G+C Bacteria

CorynebacteriumCorynebacterium diphtheriae

Characteristics

•Pleomorphic—can be rod shaped•Aerobes and facultative anaerobes•Produces metachromatic granules•Snapping division

Diseases

•Diptheria

Mycobacterium

Mycobacterium leprae Mycobacterium tuberculosisCharacteristics•waxy cell walls•grow very slowly

Diseases•Tuberculosis•Leprosy•Meningitis

Streptomyces

Characteristics

•Produces antibiotics•Ecologically important

Diseases

•Rare sinus infections

Gram Negative Bacteria

Alphaproteobacteria

Rhizobium

Nitrogen Fixers

Gram Negative Bacteria

Betaproteobacteria

Neisseria

Characteristics•Diplococci•Gram (-)•Inhabit mucous membranesof mammals

Diseases•Gonorrhea•Meningitis,•Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

Neisseria gonorrhea

Gram Negative Bacteria

Gammaproteobacteria

Legionella

Characteristics•Intracellular pathogens•Metabolizes amino acids

Diseases•Legionnaire’s Disease•Q fever

Legionella pneumophila.

Yersinia

Yersinia pestis

Characteristics•Facultative anaerobe•Coccobacillus•Antiphagocytic slime layer

Diseases•Bubonic Plague•Pneumonic Plague

Klebsiella

Characteristics•Gram (-)•Complex polysaccharide capsule•Aerobic

Diseases•Pneumonia

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Gram Negative Bacteria

Epsilonproteobacteria

Helicobacter

Characteristics•Gram (-)•Spirals•Aerobic

Diseases•Stomach ulcers•Gastritis

Gram Negative BacteriaSpirochetes

Treponema and Borrelia

Characteristics•Gram (-)•Axial filament (endoflagella)•Diverse habitats and metabolisms

Diseases•Syphilis•Lyme disease