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American Society of Civil Engineers
Exploring the Use of Roving Security Exploring the Use of Roving Security Inspections to Increase Post 3/11 Rail Inspections to Increase Post 3/11 Rail
and Bus Transit Security in the USand Bus Transit Security in the US
Transportation and Development InstituteTransportation and Development InstituteOf the American Society of Civil EngineersOf the American Society of Civil Engineers
National TeleconferenceNational Teleconference
Thursday, March 25, 2004Thursday, March 25, 2004
James F. Broder, CFE, CPP, FACFE, PresidentJames F. Broder, CFE, CPP, FACFE, PresidentConfidential Business Consultants, LLCConfidential Business Consultants, LLC
And And Eva Lerner-Lam, PresidentEva Lerner-Lam, President
Palisades Consulting Group, Inc.Palisades Consulting Group, Inc.
American Society of Civil Engineers
The Problem: How can we The Problem: How can we Prevent and Deter Terrorism Prevent and Deter Terrorism
on Transit?on Transit? Rail and Bus Transit Rail and Bus Transit
Systems are open, and Systems are open, and no matter how many no matter how many video monitors or video monitors or canine patrols are canine patrols are deployed, it is simply deployed, it is simply not feasible to check not feasible to check each and every each and every passenger embarking passenger embarking on each and every on each and every segment of their segment of their journey journey
American Society of Civil Engineers
What is Practical?What is Practical?
"I don't know that we ought "I don't know that we ought to apply the same strategy to apply the same strategy that we're using with the that we're using with the airlines… Is it practical to airlines… Is it practical to have magnetometers for have magnetometers for everyone who gets on a everyone who gets on a subway? Is it practical to subway? Is it practical to search every bag that goes search every bag that goes on?" on?" -- Asa Hutchinson, Undersecretary of -- Asa Hutchinson, Undersecretary of Homeland Security, March 15, 2004Homeland Security, March 15, 2004
American Society of Civil Engineers
Roving Security InspectionsRoving Security Inspections
Modeled after Modeled after Roving Fare Roving Fare Inspections on Inspections on European and US European and US Light Rail SystemsLight Rail Systems
Currently used in Currently used in several countries in several countries in EuropeEurope
American Society of Civil Engineers
Roving Security InspectionsRoving Security Inspections
Frequent, unannounced inspections Frequent, unannounced inspections on buses, trains and in passenger on buses, trains and in passenger terminalsterminals
Aided by Explosives Detection Dogs Aided by Explosives Detection Dogs (EDD) and metal detectors(EDD) and metal detectors
Inspectors would be empowered to Inspectors would be empowered to issue citations and to make arrestsissue citations and to make arrests
American Society of Civil Engineers
Advantages of RSIAdvantages of RSI High visibility of such roving patrols High visibility of such roving patrols
throughout vehicles and terminals can throughout vehicles and terminals can provide effective deterrence to would-provide effective deterrence to would-be terrorists and reassurance to the be terrorists and reassurance to the public of a security presence. public of a security presence.
Low cost compared to other security Low cost compared to other security options, and can be used as a options, and can be used as a “building block” in deterring terrorism.“building block” in deterring terrorism.
American Society of Civil Engineers
For Discussion TodayFor Discussion Today1.1. What would be Standard Operating What would be Standard Operating
Procedures (SOPs) for Roving Security Procedures (SOPs) for Roving Security Inspections (RSIs)? Inspections (RSIs)?
2.2. How quickly can RSIs be established at rail How quickly can RSIs be established at rail and bus transit systems in the US? and bus transit systems in the US?
3.3. How much will RSIs cost transit agencies? How much will RSIs cost transit agencies? 4.4. What additional legal authority is necessary What additional legal authority is necessary
to enable effective RSI enforcement? (e.g., to enable effective RSI enforcement? (e.g., do transit police currently have sufficient do transit police currently have sufficient authority to search and arrest individuals?) authority to search and arrest individuals?)
American Society of Civil Engineers
For Discussion Today, con’d.For Discussion Today, con’d.5.5. What additional training/skills are needed What additional training/skills are needed
for RSIs? for RSIs?
6.6. What types of public information programs What types of public information programs for RSIs would be most effective? for RSIs would be most effective?
7.7. Would the RSIs themselves trigger an Would the RSIs themselves trigger an attack on board a transit vehicle? How can attack on board a transit vehicle? How can this risk be minimized? this risk be minimized?
8.8. What is the appropriate frequency of RSIs What is the appropriate frequency of RSIs on a commuter rail train? On a bus route?on a commuter rail train? On a bus route?
American Society of Civil Engineers
1.1. Model RSI Standard Model RSI Standard Operating Procedures?Operating Procedures?
The SOP for roving security The SOP for roving security inspectors can be the same as Code inspectors can be the same as Code Compliance Inspectors at any of the Compliance Inspectors at any of the light rail systems in the USlight rail systems in the US
Any modifications would be simple, Any modifications would be simple, but an adequate SOP, with minor but an adequate SOP, with minor changes, already existschanges, already exists
American Society of Civil Engineers
2.2. How quickly can RSIs be How quickly can RSIs be deployed?deployed?
RSIs can be established immediately RSIs can be established immediately (in many cases they already exist)(in many cases they already exist)
Trained personnel are already Trained personnel are already available with little to no change in available with little to no change in job assignment or dutiesjob assignment or duties
American Society of Civil Engineers
3.3. How much will RSIs cost How much will RSIs cost transit agencies?transit agencies?
Minimal additional cost, as the Minimal additional cost, as the trained personnel are already trained personnel are already available, in most casesavailable, in most cases
American Society of Civil Engineers
4.4. Additional legal authority Additional legal authority necessary?necessary?
Many systems employ transit police who Many systems employ transit police who have broad police powers, such as search, have broad police powers, such as search, seizure and arrest, the same as any sworn seizure and arrest, the same as any sworn police officer (it depends upon the police officer (it depends upon the jurisdiction)jurisdiction)
Even Code Compliance Inspectors have Even Code Compliance Inspectors have the ability to call in sworn officers at a the ability to call in sworn officers at a moment’s notice when they see, or moment’s notice when they see, or suspect a crime is being committed (And, suspect a crime is being committed (And, because they wear uniforms and have because they wear uniforms and have badges (and radios) they are often badges (and radios) they are often confused with sworn officers (Deterrence))confused with sworn officers (Deterrence))
American Society of Civil Engineers
5.5. Additional training/skills Additional training/skills needed?needed?
Probably not (Any uniformed transit Probably not (Any uniformed transit security personnel should possess security personnel should possess the required skills as a result of the required skills as a result of previous training)previous training)
American Society of Civil Engineers
6.6. Most Effective Types of Most Effective Types of Public Information Programs Public Information Programs
for RSIs?for RSIs? As much publicity as possible using As much publicity as possible using
every media availableevery media available First ,the riding public needs to be First ,the riding public needs to be
constantly reassuredconstantly reassured Second, the bad guys need to know that Second, the bad guys need to know that
the targets have been hardened the targets have been hardened (deterrence)(deterrence)
American Society of Civil Engineers
7.7. Would an RSI Itself Trigger Would an RSI Itself Trigger an Attack?an Attack?
NO--the absence of security often NO--the absence of security often makes a target more attractive (the makes a target more attractive (the presence of security, if effectively presence of security, if effectively deployed, can often act as a deployed, can often act as a deterrence to an attack)deterrence to an attack)
BUT--in security there are no BUT--in security there are no guaranteesguarantees
American Society of Civil Engineers
8.8. What is the appropriate What is the appropriate frequency of RSIs?frequency of RSIs?
All patrols MUST be randomAll patrols MUST be random Set schedules should be avoided Set schedules should be avoided
American Society of Civil Engineers
Other Important Other Important ConsiderationsConsiderations
The trade-off to security is always The trade-off to security is always cost and inconveniencecost and inconvenience
We must avoid becoming paranoid We must avoid becoming paranoid and over reactingand over reacting
In the absence of continued threats, In the absence of continued threats, how much do we want to how much do we want to inconvenience the riding public? inconvenience the riding public?
American Society of Civil Engineers
In SummaryIn Summary RSIs may be a cost-effective, “building RSIs may be a cost-effective, “building
block” security strategy for transit block” security strategy for transit agenciesagencies
RSIs may be implemented quickly since:RSIs may be implemented quickly since: SOPs already exist for roving fare inspection SOPs already exist for roving fare inspection
and can be adapted for security inspectionand can be adapted for security inspection Most training, skills and enforcement powers Most training, skills and enforcement powers
already exist at transit agenciesalready exist at transit agencies
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