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Experimental tests on seismic upgrading Experimental tests on seismic upgrading techniques for RC buildingstechniques for RC buildings
MarchMarch 3030--31,31, 20072007 -- Prague,Prague, Czech RepublicCzech Republic
FF. M. . M. Mazzolani, Mazzolani, Gaetano Della CorteGaetano Della Corte, , E. Barecchia, M. D’AnielloE. Barecchia, M. D’Aniello
DeptDept. of . of StructuralStructural EngineeringEngineeringUniversity of University of NaplesNaples “Federico II”“Federico II”
The BUILDING (The BUILDING (substructuringsubstructuring))
Prof. F.M. Mazzolani - UNIVERSITY of NAPLES “FEDERICO II”
ShapeMemory
Alloy races(SMAB)
Composite Materials(C-FRP)
EccentricBraces
(EB)
Steel Buckling
Restrained Braces(BRB)
Base Isolationwith rubber
bearings(BI)
Lateral Loading Test of the Bare RC Structure
Metal ShearPanels(MSP)
55 6644332211
Prof. F.M. Mazzolani - UNIVERSITY of NAPLES “FEDERICO II”
DynamicDynamic IdentificationIdentification TestsTests
Dynamic shaker (vibrodyne) test
Prof. F.M. Mazzolani - UNIVERSITY of NAPLES “FEDERICO II”
Dynamic Identification TestsDynamic Identification Tests
Falling mass test
Prof. F.M. Mazzolani - UNIVERSITY of NAPLES “FEDERICO II”
Dynamic Identification TestsDynamic Identification Tests
Impacting hammer test
Prof. F.M. Mazzolani - UNIVERSITY of NAPLES “FEDERICO II”
Dynamic Identification TestsDynamic Identification Tests
Mode Frequency (Hz) Damping (%)
1 1.44 2.7
2 2.20 3.0
3 4.63 2.5
4 5.56 6.3
5 6.85 2.6
Mode 1 Mode 2 Mode 3
Mode 4 Mode 5
TESTTEST on the bareon the bare RC RC structurestructure
Prof. F.M. Mazzolani - UNIVERSITY of NAPLES “FEDERICO II”
Direction of
Loading
SECOND FLOOR
GEOMETRY OF THE STRUCTURE
Direction of Loading
General views of the reacting structure
LOADING AND MEASURING DEVICES
Close-up views of the reacting structure with the load jacksDisplacement
measuring devices
TESTTEST on the bareon the bare RC RC structurestructure
Top-story column mechanism
Close-up views of plastic hinges
PHYSICAL TEST RESULTS
TESTTEST on the bareon the bare RC RC structurestructure
Prof. F.M. Mazzolani - UNIVERSITY of NAPLES “FEDERICO II”
TESTTEST on the bareon the bare RC RC structurestructure
01020304050607080
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3Top Displacement (m)
Bas
e Sh
ear (
kN)
Plastic hinge model (SAP 2000)
Experimental results
Fiber model (OpenSEES)
Composite fiber reinforced materialsComposite fiber reinforced materials
Prof. F.M. Mazzolani - UNIVERSITY of NAPLES “FEDERICO II”
General views of the reacting structure
LOADING AND MEASURING DEVICES
Close-up views of the reacting structure with the load jacks
Displacement measuring devices
Prof. F.M. Mazzolani - UNIVERSITY of NAPLES “FEDERICO II”
Composite fiber reinforced materialsComposite fiber reinforced materials
Global collapse mechanism
Close-up views of plastic hinges at the column bases
PHYSICAL TEST RESULTS: damage pattern
Composite fiber reinforced materialsComposite fiber reinforced materials
Composite fiber reinforced materialsComposite fiber reinforced materialsPHYSICAL TEST RESULTS: damage pattern
Peeling off at a wrong end detail
Cracking of beams in torsion
Local buckling of free length portions of strips
Prof. F.M. Mazzolani - UNIVERSITY of NAPLES “FEDERICO II”
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
200
-0.04 -0.03 -0.02 -0.01 0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04Top Drift Angle (rad)
Bas
e Sh
ear (
kN)
1.91.9
1.01.0
Composite fiber reinforced materialsComposite fiber reinforced materials
Steel Steel EccentricEccentric BracesBraces (EB)(EB)
Prof. F.M. Mazzolani - UNIVERSITY of NAPLES “FEDERICO II”
-700
-500
-300
-100
100
300
500
700
-0.03 -0.02 -0.01 0 0.01 0.02 0.03Average 1st Story Drift Angle (rad)
Bas
e Sh
ear (
kN)
Steel Steel EccentricEccentric BracesBraces (test #1)(test #1)
Prof. F.M. Mazzolani - UNIVERSITY of NAPLES “FEDERICO II”
No No capacitycapacity--designdesign criterioncriterion appliedapplied
-700
-500
-300
-100
100
300
500
700
-0.015 -0.01 -0.005 0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02Average 1st Story Drift Angle (rad)
Bas
e Sh
ear (
kN)
Prof. F.M. Mazzolani - UNIVERSITY of NAPLES “FEDERICO II”
VVjj,,RkRk//VVpp = 1.89= 1.89
Steel Steel EccentricEccentric BracesBraces (test #2)(test #2)
-700
-500
-300
-100
100
300
500
700
-0.06 -0.05 -0.04 -0.03 -0.02 -0.01 0 0.01 0.02 0.03Average 1st Story Drift Angle (rad)
Bas
e sh
ear (
kN)
Prof. F.M. Mazzolani - UNIVERSITY of NAPLES “FEDERICO II”
VVjj,,RkRk//VVpp = 2.84= 2.84
Steel Steel EccentricEccentric BracesBraces (test #3)(test #3)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Displacement (cm)
Bas
e Sh
ear (
kN)
Bare RC structure
EB - Test n.1
EB - Test n.3
EB - Test n.2
Steel Steel EccentricEccentric BracesBraces ((comparisoncomparison))
Prof. F.M. Mazzolani - UNIVERSITY of NAPLES “FEDERICO II”
8.58.5
5.85.8
7.87.8
1.01.0
Steel BucklingSteel Buckling Restrained Restrained Braces Braces (BRB)(BRB)
Prof. F.M. Mazzolani - UNIVERSITY of NAPLES “FEDERICO II”
-500-400-300-200-100
0100200300400500
-0.015 -0.01 -0.005 0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02Average 1st story drift angle (rad)
Bas
e sh
ear (
kN)
Core fracture
Prof. F.M. Mazzolani - UNIVERSITY of NAPLES “FEDERICO II”
Steel BucklingSteel Buckling Restrained Restrained BracesBraces (test #1)(test #1)
-500-400-300-200-100
0100200300400500
-0.02 -0.01 0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06Average 1st story drift angle (rad)
Bas
e sh
ear (
kN)
Gusset plate buckling
Local failure of the restraining tube
Prof. F.M. Mazzolani - UNIVERSITY of NAPLES “FEDERICO II”
End local
Steel BucklingSteel Buckling Restrained Restrained BracesBraces (test #1)(test #1)
0
100
200
300
400
500
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
Average top displacement (cm)
Bas
e Sh
ear (
kN)
Bare RC structure
BRB - Test n.1
BRB - Test n.2
Test interrupted owing to the achievement of the maximum
allowable core excursionTest interrupted owing to the core fracture
Prof. F.M. Mazzolani - UNIVERSITY of NAPLES “FEDERICO II”
Steel BucklingSteel Buckling Restrained Restrained BracesBraces ((comparisoncomparison))
4.24.2
5.15.1
1.01.0
ComparisonComparison of of resultsresults
Prof. F.M. Mazzolani - UNIVERSITY of NAPLES “FEDERICO II”
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
0 2.5 5 7.5 10 12.5 15 17.5 20 22.5 25Top Displacement (cm)
Bas
e Sh
ear (
kN)
Bare RC structureC-FRPEB 1EB 2EB 3BRB 1BRB 2
4.24.2
5.15.1
1.01.0
8.58.5
5.85.8
7.87.8
1.91.9 FRP
Bare RC
BRB
EB
Prof. F.M. Mazzolani - UNIVERSITY of NAPLES “FEDERICO II”
Base IsolationBase Isolation
25
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
Time32,50 2,5 5 7,5 10 12,5 15 17,5 20 22,5 25 27,5 30
0,15
-0,15
-0,1
-0,05
0
0,05
0,1
Time (s)32,50 5 10 15 20 25 30
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