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EventsDOM Event Model
HTML Events
<tag onevent="" />
"on" + event name
attribute value is javascript
javascript runs 1st
return false to STOP browser event (if any)
Layered Events
<p onclick="alert('p');"> <a onclick="alert('a');">click me</a> </p>
What happens? Why don't you try it?
<p onclick="alert('p');"> <a onclick="alert('a');return false;">click me</a> </p>
Why doesn't the return false stop it?
ONLY stops the <a> from going to href=""
DOM Events
DOM API's event model - separate from HTML
SAME BASIC EVENT NAMES AND BEHAVIORS
no more "on" prefix!
many MORE events! create your own events!
Programs somewhat like JAVA's SWING API
More flexible and powerful (except in IE6)
EventEvent Triggered WhenTriggered Whenclick clicked once (like :active)
mouseinThe mouse moves over an element
mouseoutThe mouse moves off an element
mouseover like :hovermousemove repeated event as fast cpumouseup button up - use this onemousedown button downscroll when scrollbars movekeydown key pressed downkeyup key was let up - use this one
EventEvent Triggered WhenTriggered When
blur Element becomes inactive
select A user selects a field in a form
focusElement becomes active (anything tab-
able)
change The value of an element changes
submit A user submits a form
reset A form resets
resize window resize
load A document or image loads
unload A document unloads
abort The loading of an image is interrupted
error loading a document or image goes bad
ElementElement EventEvent
<a> click, mouseover, mouseout
<img> about, error, load
<area> mouseover, mouseout
<body> blur, error, focus, load, unload
<frameset> blur, error, focus, load, unload
<frame> blur, focus
<form> submit, reset
<input type=”text”> blur, focus, change, select
<input type=”submit”> click
<input type=”reset”> click
<input type=”radio”> click
<input type=”checkbox”> blur, focus, change
<textarea> blur, focus, change, select
<select> blur, focus, change
OLD
addEventListener()
HTMLElement.addEventListener(
"event name without on prefix. ex: click",
function object which is .call(this, event),
optional: true - capture event early
);
HTML is easier.Why use DOM?
HTML on"event" requires CHANGES TO HTML
Automation, productivity, bandwidth
Flexibility
getElementsByClassName()
code reuse! - programming costs more
More features; + invalid HTML events can exist in DOM (some events only exist in DOM)
function hi(){ alert("hello!"); }
document.body.addEventListener( 'load', hi );
// after page is loads// an alert window says "hello!"
removeEventListener()
dispatchEvent()
fake events; trigger made up events
requires Event object:
e= document.createEvent("name")
e.initEvent(...) - setup properties
see also...
HTML tags have a hierarchy parent tags can overlap events
<p onclick="alert('p')"> paragraph is parent
<a onclick="alert('a')">child tag</a>
</p>
Try it. experiment.
capture / bubble
bodybody
pp
aaaa
Click!Click!
Bubble
(fa
lse)
Bubble
(fa
lse)
<a>'s onclick="runs"<a>'s onclick="runs"<a>'s href is followed<a>'s href is followed
function capture(){ alert("captured!"); }function bubble(){ alert("bubbled"); }
tagObject= document.getElementById('id');
tagObject.addEventListener( 'click', bubble, false );tagObject.addEventListener( 'click', capture, true );
// A click on tagObject:// 1st says "hello!" (capture phase)// 2nd says "bye" (bubble phase - default)// 3rd tagObject does whatever it normally does//- likely nothing unless it is <a>, <button>, etc.
Demo
Common Use
Bubble only - HTML onEvents are bubble
Usually Bubble is all you want
MSIE never supported capture
Compatibility libraries forced to do same
So, addEventListener('event', function);
false is redundant, undefined comes out false
Event object
Describes details of the event; timestamp, keys
<a onclick="your_f(event)">click</a>
HTML onEvents set var event for you
You never work with Event, you use event an instance of Event
tagObject.addEventListener('click', your_f, false)
what it does: your_f.call( tagObject, event)
function your_f(e){ alert(this); alert(e); }
FYI: Function.call(this, parameters);
your_f.call( this=object, parameters,... );
event use in DOM
Useful event methods
.preventDefault()
stops HTML tags from seeing event
function your_f(e){ e.preventDefault(); }
similar to HTML's <a onclick="return false;">
.stopPropagation()
event stops traveling down/up to other tags
Useful event Properties
.target = same as this; the object of the event
.keyCode, charCode = character pressed
.shiftKey, .ctrlKey, .altKey = true/false if down
.button = mouse button # down (only 1 at a time)
.clientX, .clientY, .screenX, .screenY = mouse
.bubbles = event is bubbling up
variable "binding"
Problem: event handler function lack parameters
onclick="your_f(anything, I, want...)"
addEventListener( 'click', your_f)
nothing you want can be given to your_f
Solution 1
Javascript can hack any object
tagObject.addEventListener('click', your_f);
tagObject.myInformation= "hello";
function your_f(e) {
alert(this.myInformation);
alert(e.target.myInformation); }
Solution: exploit Javascript's memory management
function f(){
var x=5;
setTimeout( function(){alert(x);},1000);
} f();
variables actually DIE when nothing uses them
Solution 2:variable "binding"
variable "binding"(see Closure)
Variables are references to memory storage
memory storage is freed when there are no more references
If you ADD references to the storage it will live until all of them are gone
javascript event handling HEAVILY uses "binding"
function attach_an_event(){ var myInformation= "hello";
var your_f= function(e){ alert(myInformation);}tagObject.addEventListener('click', your_f);
}
// myInformation is "bound" to your_f// it lives until your_f dies and that will not die// if you removedEventListener then it would die// if you removed tagObject then it would die
function your_f(your_evt, your_info){alert(this);alert(your_evt.type);alert(your_info);
}
function bind( tag, evt, f, info ){var middleman= function(event){
return f.call(event.target, event, info);};tag.addEventListener(evt, middleman);
}
bind(document.body, "click", your_f, "hello");
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