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STRESSSTRESS
DISTRESSDISTRESSEUSTRESSEUSTRESS
Museo Caproni, aerop. Trento 28/3/'15 Gen. Div. Aerea (a) Carlo Landi
Stress and performance relationshipStress and performance relationship
Yerkes e Dodson, 1908 Yerkes e Dodson, 1908
Museo Caproni, aerop. Trento 28/3/'15 Gen. Div. Aerea (a) Carlo Landi
Stress and performance relationshipStress and performance relationship
Yerkes e Dodson, 1908 Yerkes e Dodson, 1908
Museo Caproni, aerop. Trento 28/3/'15 Gen. Div. Aerea (a) Carlo Landi
Stress and performance relationshipStress and performance relationship
Individual zone of optimal functioningIndividual zone of optimal functioning(Hanin e Spielberger, 1983)(Hanin e Spielberger, 1983)
Museo Caproni, aerop. Trento 28/3/'15 Gen. Div. Aerea (a) Carlo Landi
Stress and performance relationshipStress and performance relationship
Individual zone of optimal functioningIndividual zone of optimal functioning(Hanin e Spielberger, 1983)(Hanin e Spielberger, 1983)
Museo Caproni, aerop. Trento 28/3/'15 Gen. Div. Aerea (a) Carlo Landi
Stress and performance relationshipStress and performance relationship
Individual zone of optimal functioningIndividual zone of optimal functioning(Hanin e Spielberger, 1983)(Hanin e Spielberger, 1983)
Museo Caproni, aerop. Trento 28/3/'15 Gen. Div. Aerea (a) Carlo Landi
Source of threatSource of threat
General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)Selye, Selye, Journal of Allergy, 1946
Real or perceived Real or perceived threatthreat
STRESSSTRESS
STRESSORSTRESSOR
Museo Caproni, aerop. Trento 28/3/'15 Gen. Div. Aerea (a) Carlo Landi
SelyeSelyeStress:Stress: risposta a una minacciarisposta a una minaccia
Stressor:Stressor: la causa della minacciala causa della minaccia }General Adaptation SyndromeGeneral Adaptation Syndrome
WARNINGWARNING ENDURANCEENDURANCE EXHAUSTION
Museo Caproni, aerop. Trento 28/3/'15 Gen. Div. Aerea (a) Carlo Landi
GASGAS
Adaptation researchAdaptation research
EnergyEnergydeficitdeficit
Step 1Step 1WarningWarning
Step 2Step 2EnduranceEndurance
Step 3Step 3ExhaustionExhaustion
Release of Release of hormones hormones (adrenal (adrenal medulla)medulla)
EpinephrineEpinephrine Release of Release of hormoneshormones
(adrenal cortex)(adrenal cortex)CORTISOLCORTISOL
NervousNervousbreakdownbreakdown
Organism Organism preparationpreparation
energy deficit
Museo Caproni, aerop. Trento 28/3/'15 Gen. Div. Aerea (a) Carlo Landi
DEFENCE RESPONSESDEFENCE RESPONSES
FREEZINGFREEZING
ATTACKATTACK ESCAPEESCAPE
Museo Caproni, aerop. Trento 28/3/'15 Gen. Div. Aerea (a) Carlo Landi
DISSOCIATIONDISSOCIATION
EMOTIONEMOTION FEELINGFEELING
Museo Caproni, aerop. Trento 28/3/'15 Gen. Div. Aerea (a) Carlo Landi
DISSOCIATIONDISSOCIATION
MIN
DM
IND
BO
DY
BO
DY
Museo Caproni, aerop. Trento 28/3/'15 Gen. Div. Aerea (a) Carlo Landi
Any environmental event is a powerful Any environmental event is a powerful stressor, but no event can be considered a stressor, but no event can be considered a stressor outside of its assessment by the stressor outside of its assessment by the
personperson
What might be the sources of stress?What might be the sources of stress?
Lazarus, 1986Lazarus, 1986
Museo Caproni, aerop. Trento 28/3/'15 Gen. Div. Aerea (a) Carlo Landi
Stress and performance:Stress and performance:Individual characteristicsIndividual characteristics
Museo Caproni, aerop. Trento 28/3/'15 Gen. Div. Aerea (a) Carlo Landi
Job stressKarasek (1990)
Museo Caproni, aerop. Trento 28/3/'15 Gen. Div. Aerea (a) Carlo Landi
Stress effectsStress effects
PhysicalPhysicalBehaviouralBehaviouralEmotionalEmotional
SymptomsSymptoms
Negative Negative moodmood
PoorPoorhealthhealth
ImpairedImpairedperformanceperformance
Museo Caproni, aerop. Trento 28/3/'15 Gen. Div. Aerea (a) Carlo Landi
What do you see?What do you see?
Attention and perceptual processesAttention and perceptual processes
looks right:looks right:RABBITRABBIT
looks left:looks left:DUCKDUCK
Museo Caproni, aerop. Trento 28/3/'15 Gen. Div. Aerea (a) Carlo Landi
Sustained operationsSustained operations FatigueFatigue Desincronization of biological rhythmsDesincronization of biological rhythms High automated fly proceduresHigh automated fly procedures Perceptual saturationPerceptual saturationPerformance monotonyPerformance monotony High distress levels (above all in military operations)High distress levels (above all in military operations)
MainMain humanhuman factorsfactors inin aircraftaircraft pilot’spilot’s accidentsaccidents
Museo Caproni, aerop. Trento 28/3/'15 Gen. Div. Aerea (a) Carlo Landi
Stress combat
# FM 22-51 LEADERS' MANUAL FOR COMBAT STRESS CONTROL, 29 September 1994# War Psychiatry Textbook of Military Medicine
Museo Caproni, aerop. Trento 28/3/'15 Gen. Div. Aerea (a) Carlo Landi
• Good sleep hygiene• Preventive naps• Optimizing circadian
adjustment• Fatigue management
education
Alertness managementAlertness managementBehaviour managementBehaviour management
• Self-administration technique training
• Coping and problem solving strategies training
• Emotional regulation promotion
Stress management strategiesStress management strategies
Mingarelli et al., 2006Mingarelli et al., 2006
Casagrande,2002; RTO LECTURE SERIES 223. Casagrande,2002; RTO LECTURE SERIES 223. Sleep/Wakefulness Management in Sleep/Wakefulness Management in Continuous/Sustained Operations. Continuous/Sustained Operations.
Museo Caproni, aerop. Trento 28/3/'15 Gen. Div. Aerea (a) Carlo Landi
Hawthorne effectHawthorne effectChicago, 1920 – Western Eletric Company
Brightness
High Low
Productivity increaseProductivity increase
Human factor relevanceHuman factor relevance
Productivity increaseProductivity increase
Museo Caproni, aerop. Trento 28/3/'15 Gen. Div. Aerea (a) Carlo Landi
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