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European Union: a Case StudyEuropean Union: a Case Study
the Evolution of the EU
By Heather Norris
McNeil High School
Austin, TX
the Evolution of the EU
By Heather Norris
McNeil High School
Austin, TX
United States of Europe?United States of Europe?
“If Europe were once united inthe sharing of its commoninheritance, there would be nolimit to the happiness, to theprosperity and glory which itsthree or four hundred millionpeople would enjoy. Yet it isfrom Europe that have sprung that series of frightfulnationalistic quarrels… which wehave seen even in this twentiethcentury… wreck the peace andmar the prospects of allmankind.”
Winston Churchill, 1946
“If Europe were once united inthe sharing of its commoninheritance, there would be nolimit to the happiness, to theprosperity and glory which itsthree or four hundred millionpeople would enjoy. Yet it isfrom Europe that have sprung that series of frightfulnationalistic quarrels… which wehave seen even in this twentiethcentury… wreck the peace andmar the prospects of allmankind.”
Winston Churchill, 1946
THE EVOLUTION OF THE EUROPEAN UNIONTHE EVOLUTION OF THE EUROPEAN UNION
A timeline of supranationalismA timeline of supranationalism
1939-1945: World War II1939-1945: World War II
Second World War fought in 25 years. Europe ravaged & destroyed by war again Two goals emerged:
To rebuild the countries’ shattered economies To prevent new conflict
Second World War fought in 25 years. Europe ravaged & destroyed by war again Two goals emerged:
To rebuild the countries’ shattered economies To prevent new conflict
1951: the European Coal and Steel Community1951: the European Coal and Steel Community What did this do?
France and West Germany began the unification process by signing a treaty that gave control of their coal and steel resources to a multinational group.
Italy and Benelux (Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxemburg) later joined.
What did this do? France and West Germany began the unification process
by signing a treaty that gave control of their coal and steel resources to a multinational group.
Italy and Benelux (Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxemburg) later joined.
1957: the European Economic Community (a.k.a., the Common Market)1957: the European Economic Community (a.k.a., the Common Market) What did this do?
This alliance removed trade barriers, set common economic goals, and allowed people to live and work in any member country.
Within eleven years, trade quadrupled in member nations.
What did this do? This alliance removed trade barriers, set common
economic goals, and allowed people to live and work in any member country.
Within eleven years, trade quadrupled in member nations.
1967: the European Community1967: the European Community
What… another term? The ECSC and the EEC merged to form one
broader community, the European Community (EC).
This included only the original six countries to begin with.
What… another term? The ECSC and the EEC merged to form one
broader community, the European Community (EC).
This included only the original six countries to begin with.
1970s: European Community Expands1970s: European Community Expands New members:
Denmark, Ireland, and the United Kingdom Important new changes within the EC:
1979: European Monetary System
New members: Denmark, Ireland, and the United Kingdom
Important new changes within the EC: 1979: European Monetary System
1980s: Further Expansion & Changes in the European Community1980s: Further Expansion & Changes in the European Community New member in 1981:
Greece New members in 1986:
Spain and Portugal Important new changes within the EC:
1987: Single European Act set the outline for the later treaty that formally created the European Union
New member in 1981: Greece
New members in 1986: Spain and Portugal
Important new changes within the EC: 1987: Single European Act set the outline for
the later treaty that formally created the European Union
Early 1990s…Early 1990s…
Reunification! West and East
Germany reunified following the fall of the Berlin Wall
This became a microcosm of challenges to be faced by a broader joining of Eastern and Western Europe in later years
Reunification! West and East
Germany reunified following the fall of the Berlin Wall
This became a microcosm of challenges to be faced by a broader joining of Eastern and Western Europe in later years
European Community & European Free Trade Association (EFTA) agreed to form the European Economic Area (EEA)
European Community & European Free Trade Association (EFTA) agreed to form the European Economic Area (EEA)
1993: the European Union1993: the European Union Members of the EC become the
founding members of the EU: France, Germany, the
Netherlands, Belgium, Luxemburg, Italy, Ireland, Denmark, the United Kingdom, Greece, Spain, & Portugal
New members in 1995: Austria, Sweden, & Finland
What else happened? European single market
achieved. European Union replaced other
agreements (EC) through the Maastrict Treaty.
The Schengen Agreement went into effect, eliminating border checks amongst members.=
Members of the EC become the founding members of the EU:
France, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxemburg, Italy, Ireland, Denmark, the United Kingdom, Greece, Spain, & Portugal
New members in 1995: Austria, Sweden, & Finland
What else happened? European single market
achieved. European Union replaced other
agreements (EC) through the Maastrict Treaty.
The Schengen Agreement went into effect, eliminating border checks amongst members.=
Late 1990s: Important Happenings…Late 1990s: Important Happenings… New applicant countries in 1998 came mostly from
former Eastern bloc countries What about Frankfurt, Germany?
European Central Bank inaugurated. Common currency?
1999: Euro launched in eleven EU countries for banking and finance as the European Monetary Union.
New applicant countries in 1998 came mostly from former Eastern bloc countries
What about Frankfurt, Germany? European Central Bank inaugurated.
Common currency? 1999: Euro launched in eleven EU countries for banking
and finance as the European Monetary Union.
2002: the Euro2002: the Euro
And finally… Finland, Germany, Austria, Italy, Spain, Portugal,
France, Ireland, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxemburg, and Greece went on the common currency
2002: the euro became legal tender and permanently replaced national currencies in EMU countries
And finally… Finland, Germany, Austria, Italy, Spain, Portugal,
France, Ireland, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxemburg, and Greece went on the common currency
2002: the euro became legal tender and permanently replaced national currencies in EMU countries
2004: Expansion2004: Expansion
New members in 2004: Poland, Czech
Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Slovenia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, and Cyprus
New members in 2004: Poland, Czech
Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Slovenia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, and Cyprus
2007: the European Union Today2007: the European Union Today
New members in 2007: Bulgaria & Romania
Current candidate countries: Turkey, Macedonia, and
Croatia The rest of the former
Yugoslavia may apply in the future, as well as potentially Ukraine
New members in 2007: Bulgaria & Romania
Current candidate countries: Turkey, Macedonia, and
Croatia The rest of the former
Yugoslavia may apply in the future, as well as potentially Ukraine
Above:
http://www.nationsonline.org/maps/countries_europe_map.jpg
European Union ConstitutionEuropean Union Constitution
2002-2004: Work on drafting a constitution took place.
2005: Voting by member nations began… all must agree France & the
Netherlands said “no” at the beginning or the voting process
2002-2004: Work on drafting a constitution took place.
2005: Voting by member nations began… all must agree France & the
Netherlands said “no” at the beginning or the voting process
European Union ConstitutionEuropean Union Constitution
February, 2002: Convention work began Agreed upon in Brussels at a summit on June
18, 2004 May, 2005: Voting began Attempted to combine all the treaties and
agreements that the European Union is based on. Defined powers, possible actions, rights of veto
Constitution not approved, but lead to the Lisbon Treaty
February, 2002: Convention work began Agreed upon in Brussels at a summit on June
18, 2004 May, 2005: Voting began Attempted to combine all the treaties and
agreements that the European Union is based on. Defined powers, possible actions, rights of veto
Constitution not approved, but lead to the Lisbon Treaty
Major Goals of the EU (centripetal forces)Major Goals of the EU (centripetal forces) Improve economic cooperation Provides representation in European
Parliament Improve standard of living Remove barriers between countries through
common economic, banking, and foreign policy goals
Support economic goals through infrastructure investments Telecommunications, satellite systems,
railways, airports, port cities, highways
Improve economic cooperation Provides representation in European
Parliament Improve standard of living Remove barriers between countries through
common economic, banking, and foreign policy goals
Support economic goals through infrastructure investments Telecommunications, satellite systems,
railways, airports, port cities, highways
THE CURRENT UNIONTHE CURRENT UNIONMapping Activity for the European UnionMapping Activity for the European Union
Mapping ActivityMapping Activity
http://europa.eu/abc/history/1990-1999/index_en.htm
Supplies: European Union Map, notes, colored pencils, writing utensil, your brain
Directions: Shade in the member countries of the European
Union. Number the countries by groups based on when
they joined… ex.) first six get #1, next three get #2, etc.
Shade in the candidate countries. Using your readings and notes, answer the
questions (next slide) on the back of your map.
http://europa.eu/abc/history/1990-1999/index_en.htm
Supplies: European Union Map, notes, colored pencils, writing utensil, your brain
Directions: Shade in the member countries of the European
Union. Number the countries by groups based on when
they joined… ex.) first six get #1, next three get #2, etc.
Shade in the candidate countries. Using your readings and notes, answer the
questions (next slide) on the back of your map.
Mapping ActivityMapping Activity
Questions: Why is the European Union called a
supranational organization? How is the European Union an example of a
centripetal force? Use specific examples and evidence.
How do centrifugal forces exist in the European Union? Use specific examples and evidence.
How and where do devolutionary forces exist in the European Union?
Questions: Why is the European Union called a
supranational organization? How is the European Union an example of a
centripetal force? Use specific examples and evidence.
How do centrifugal forces exist in the European Union? Use specific examples and evidence.
How and where do devolutionary forces exist in the European Union?
ANALYZING THE EVOLUTION OF THE EUROPEAN UNIONANALYZING THE EVOLUTION OF THE EUROPEAN UNION
Document Analysis StationsDocument Analysis Stations
Document Analysis StationsDocument Analysis Stations
Seven groups Supplies: documents, spiral, writing utensil,
dictionary, your brain Directions:
Draw a document analysis SOAPST chart in your spiral.
Each station will have a different document for you to complete a SOAPST analysis.
You will have 8 minutes per document.
Seven groups Supplies: documents, spiral, writing utensil,
dictionary, your brain Directions:
Draw a document analysis SOAPST chart in your spiral.
Each station will have a different document for you to complete a SOAPST analysis.
You will have 8 minutes per document.
Cartoon Analysis: the EU ConstitutionCartoon Analysis: the EU Constitution
Cartoon Analysis: the EU ConstitutionCartoon Analysis: the EU Constitution
Cartoon Analysis: ExpansionCartoon Analysis: Expansion
Cartoon Analysis: the Balancing ActCartoon Analysis: the Balancing Act
Cartoon Analysis: the Perfect Union?Cartoon Analysis: the Perfect Union?
European Union: a New Treaty?European Union: a New Treaty?
Read “Who Are You Going to Call?” Questions:
What was Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero’s opinion?
What was Gordon Brown’s point of view? What are two innovations in the treaty? Has the treaty been approved?
Read “Who Are You Going to Call?” Questions:
What was Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero’s opinion?
What was Gordon Brown’s point of view? What are two innovations in the treaty? Has the treaty been approved?
European Union: Standards of LivingEuropean Union: Standards of Living
Country GDP per capita
Unemployment Rate
Infant Mortality Rate
Fertility Rate
Literacy Rate
Life Expectancy
Luxembourg
$79,400 4.4% 4.62 1.78 100% 79 years
Italy $30,900 6.2% 5.61 1.3 98.4% 80 years
United Kingdom
$35,000 5.3% 4.93 1.66 99% 79 years
Poland $16,200 12.8% 6.93 1.27 99.8% 75 years
Romania $11,100 4.1% 23.72 1.38 97.3% 72 years
The European UnionThe European Union
V: Symbols of Europe TWEDYADWTS: The
European Union has been able to reach Winston Churchill’s vision of a united Europe. 7 minutes to write
V: Symbols of Europe TWEDYADWTS: The
European Union has been able to reach Winston Churchill’s vision of a united Europe. 7 minutes to write
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