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Ethiopian Rural Travel and Transport Program Manuals
Training of Trainer Personnel on Environmentally Sound Design and Implementation of Public Works-
Community Roads of the ProductiveSafety Net Program (PSNP)
ERTTP Manuals1. Formulation & Implementation Framework2. Planning Monitoring & Evaluation3. Rural Transport Infrastructure
Development4. Means Of Transport & Service Development5. Non-Transport Interventions & Income
Generating Schemes6. Resource Mobilization & Management
Table of ContentsABBREVIATIONS and ACRONYMS viI. Preface viiI.1. Background viiI.2. Objectives viiI.3. Organization of the manual viii
Chapter 1. ORGANIZATION AND PLANNING
1.1. Community Organization and Participation
1.2. Working with Community1.3. Planning of Project1.4. Operational Planning
1.4.1. Logistic Planning1.4.2. Work Planning1.4.3. Overall Work Plan
Chapter 2. RTI Design Standard, Wereda Mapping And Pricing
2.1. RTI Traffic Survey Method2.2. Wereda RTI Mapping2.3. Low Level Road Design2.4. Quantity Estimation and Pricing2.5. Environmental Impact Assessment2.6. Safety
Chapter 3. Guideline on RTI Construction and Improvement
3.1. Setting-Out (Route Alignment)3.2. Sequences of Construction Activities3.3. Improvement of Footpaths3.4. Retaining Structures3.5. Hand Tools and Simple Implements3.6. Construction of Different Types of
Cross Drainage Structures
Chapter 4. RTI Maintenance
4.1. Maintenance Purpose and Causes of Road Deterioration
4.2. Maintenance Need Assessment4.3. Type of road and structure
maintenance4.3.1. Routine maintenance4.3.2. Periodic Maintenance4.3.3. Emergency Maintenance
Chapter 5. Construction and Maintenance by Contractor
5.1. Introduction5.2 Contract Administration5.3 Procurement of Works5.4 Community Contracting
Chapter 3. Guideline on RTI Construction and Improvement
• Execution of road construction and tracks and footpaths improvement
• Guides the woreda technician • Arrangements for the execution of works
and the preconditions to fulfil indicated• Details on the sequence of road
construction.
Chapter 3. Guideline on RTI Construction and Improvement
• Pictorial presentations & illustrations for ease of understanding
• Design & construction of drainage systems & footbridges
• Methods for improving the existing tracks & paths
Chapter 3. Guideline on RTI Construction and Improvement
3.1. Setting-Out (Route Alignment)3.2. Sequences of Construction Activities3.3. Improvement of Footpaths3.4. Retaining Structures3.5. Hand Tools and Simple Implements3.6. Construction of Different Types of
Cross Drainage Structures
Table 3.1 Description of Measuring and Control Aids RANGING ROD Ranging rods are sticks usually 2m long with a diameter of approximately 2.5cm. They are made of various materials (metal, hard plastic, wood). And are usually provided with a pointed metal end. They are painted alternately red and white with black marking at the 1 metre point. The length of the red/white sections is 50cm.
Intersection point of centre line
Figure 3.2 Intersection of two straight lines
A1 A2
A3
A4 A5
A6 B1 B2
B3 B4
B5 B6
A1 A2
A3 A4
A5 A6 B1
B2 B3
B4
B5 B6
Yellow pegs
Road gradient
(%)
Mitre drain intervals Should
not exceed(metres)
When discharging the water on to piece of farm land
12 40* 20 to 50 meters wherever possible on to a boundary between farms
10 80*8 120*6 160*4 200*
1-2 50**
Table 3.9 Spacing of turnout ditches according to the slope of the ditch
*If exceeded, scouring will occur**If exceeded, silting will occur
Chapter 4. RTI Maintenance
4.1. Maintenance Purpose and Causes of Road Deterioration
4.2. Maintenance Need Assessment4.3. Type of road and structure
maintenance4.3.1. Routine maintenance4.3.2. Periodic Maintenance4.3.3. Emergency Maintenance
Preparation of road Inventories
Assessment of maintenance requirement
Setting of maintenance
requirement
Preparation of maintenance workplan
Implementation of maintenance work
Reporting and monitoring
Figure 5.4 Maintenance Assessment cycle
FEEDBACK
Table 4.3 Checklist for Routine Maintenance Routine Maintenance Activities For Earth & Gravel Roads
RM1. Inspection and removal of obstacles and debris RM2. Cleaning of drainage structures and their inlets and outlets (culverts,
fords, etc) RM3. Repair culvert headwalls, approaches and aprons of fords, etc. RM4. Repair culvert drains/off-shoot drains/catchwater drains and excavation
to original sizes RM5. Cleaning of side drains and excavation to original size RM6. Cleaning of catchwater drains and excavation to original size RM7. Filling of potholes in carriageway RM8. Repair of shoulder and slope erosion RM9. Light reshaping of carriageway (camber formation, corrugation, ruts,
etc.) RM10. Maintenance of erosion controls in drains RM11. Cutting of grass on shoulders and side drains RM12. Clearing bush
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