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EIA
an
d E
MP
@ D
r. A
.K.M
. S
aifu
l Is
lam
, IW
FM
, B
UE
T
Environmental Management Plan (EMP)
Professor
Institute of Water and Flood Management (IWFM)
Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET)
Training Course on ‘Mainstreaming Environment, Climate Change and
Disaster Risk Management into Development Planning’
Dr. A.K.M. Saiful Islam
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Environmental Management
Plan (EMP)
An EMP is a site-specific plan developed
to ensure that all necessary measures are
identified and implemented in order to
protect the environment and comply with
environmental legislation
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T Components of EMP
Summary of Potential Impacts
Description of Planned Mitigation Measures
Description of Planned Environmental Monitoring
Description of Planned Public Consultation Process
Description of the Responsibilities and Authorities for Implementation of
Mitigation
Measures and Monitoring Requirements
Description of Responsibilities for Reporting and Review
Work Plan including staffing chart, proposed schedules of participation
by various members of the project team, and activities and inputs of
various government agencies
Environmental Responsible Procurement Plan
Detailed Cost Estimates
Mechanisms for feedback and adjustment
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1. Loss fish breeding
1. Action: Loss of breading, nursery and
feeding ground in flood plain.
1. Impact: Reduction in Fish protein
consumption.
Unemployment of fisherman.
1. Mitigation Measures: Allow controlled flooding.
Compensate the loss by fish culture.
Fish farm
Fish breeding
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2. Obstruction to fish migration
2. Action:
Obstruction to mitigation of fish.
2. Impact:
Same as 1.
2. Mitigation Measures:
Provide adequate opening in
roads and embankments along
routes of fish migration.
Fish ladder
Fish pass
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3. Action: Reproduction failure and
destruction of fish by uncontrolled use of pesticide.
3. Impact: Same as 1.
3. Mitigation Measures: Adopt Integrated Pest
Management (IPM) for pest control.
Prevent drainage from agriculture land from reaching water bodies.
3. Uncontrolled Pesticide
Bugs used in IPM
Applying Pesticide
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4.Drying up of wetland
4. Action: Drying up of the wetlands for
agriculture purpose and destruction of habitat for fish, birds, amphibians etc.
4. Impact: Reduction in Fishery.
Elimination of species of fish, birds, amphibians etc.
Disruption of wetland ecology.
4. Mitigation Measures: Avoid complete drying up of
wetlands and swamp land.
Restore alternative habitat for endangered species.
wetland
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5. Action: Clearing of forest lands and cutting of trees
within the right-of-way of the road.
5. Impact: Reduction in forest cover.
Reduction in forest products.
Disruption of forest ecology.
5. Mitigation Measures: Find alternative route to avoid forest
through planning exercise.
Replace the trees by plantation along road sides.
5.Cutting trees
Cutting forest
Cutting trees on road
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6.Spreading Nuisance plants
6. Action: Spreading of nuisance plants from
borrow pit.
6. Impact: Damage crops during flood.
6. Mitigation Measures: Incorporate destruction of such
plants in maintenance program.
Convert the plants into a compost for application as a soil conditioner/manure. Nuisance plants
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7.Pollution from drainage
7. Action: Discharge nutrient enriched
agricultural land drainage in surface water.
7. Impact: Causes eutrophication and surface
water pollution.
Makes the water unsuitable for beneficial uses.
Destroys aquatic environment.
7. Mitigation Measures: Prevent agricultural land
drainage from reaching from reaching surface waters.
Agriculture drainage pollution
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8.Water pollution
8. Action:
Reaching residues of pesticides in surface and groundwater from agricultural lands.
8. Impact:
Cause water pollution.
Contaminates sources of water supply.
Pesticides residues accumulate in bio-mass.
8. Mitigation Measures:
Reduce use of pesticides through IPM.
Prevent agricultural land drainage from reaching surface water.
Agriculture runoff
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9.Erosion and Siltation
9. Action: Erosion of road and embankment surfaces
and sides, road openings, bed and banks of rivers/canals subsequent silation in down stream.
9. Impact: Cause damage to road and embankment.
Affect stability of road/embankment and their structures.
Increases turbidity of water.
Siltation of canal bed and agricultural lands.
9. Mitigation Measures: Select appropriate soils for road and
embankment construction.
Compact the road materials properly.
Provide proper slope for surface drainage and vegetation cover.
Provide adequate opening for discharge of flood and accumulated rain water.
Erosion of embankment
Sediment Loading
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T 10.Drainage congestions and
water logging
10. Action:
Drainage congestion and water logging
10. Impact:
Crop damage and loss of agricultural lands.
Cause water pollution.
Provide ground fro mosquito breeding.
10. Mitigation Measures:
Provide adequate opening for drainage.
Provide facilities for pumping of congested water.
Pumping of drained water
Drainage canal
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T 11. Disruption of Regional
Hydrology 11. Action:
Disruption of regional hydrology through obstruction of flood flow.
Back water effect due to constructions across flood plains.
11. Impact:
Increase duration, severity and frequency of flood.
Changes flooding pattern and ground water recharge.
11. Mitigation Measures:
Avoid road construction across the flood plain in the direction perpendicular to flood flow.
Provide adequate opening for flood flow.
Hydrologic Cycle
Road across flow direction
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T 12. Backflow from drainage canal
12. Action:
Backflow of water through drainage canals.
12. Impact:
Causes early flooding.
12. Mitigation Measures:
Install regulator to control inflow and outflow through drainage canal.
Gate of regulator
Regulator
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13. Action: Obstruction to waste water flow
by roads and embankments.
13. Impact: Create water pollution.
Deteriorates quality of environment.
13. Mitigation Measures: Provide drainage structure.
Install pumping facilities.
Install treatment plant for waste water treatment.
13. Obstruction to waste water
Drainage structure
Adequate drainage
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14. Action: Dust blowing from unpaved roads
during construction and movement of vehicles.
14. Impact: Health hazards due to dust
pollution.
Damage to vegetation and trees along the road.
14. Mitigation Measures: Control moisture content during
construction by watering.
Stabilize road surface with a suitable stabilizer.
Increase vegetation cover on road surface and slopes.
14. Dust blowing from construction
Dust blowing
Vegetation
cover
Compaction
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15. Action: Use of irrigation water with high and
imbalance salt content.
15. Impact: Increase soil salinity and
alkanity/acidity
Alteration of soil texture and permeability.
Affects soil fertility.
15. Mitigation Measures: Use surface water where available.
Conduct chemical analysis of ground water before use and select the aquifer producing good quality water.
Determine salinity of surface water in coastal areas before use as irrigation water.
15. Polluted irrigation water
Purification of polluted irrigation
water by using riparian plants.
Irrigation tail water may contain
pollutants such as pesticide
residues, sediment, nutrients
and salt.
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16. Action: Use of irrigation water with high iron
content.
16. Impact: Impart reddish color to top soil.
Changes soil texture and permeability.
16. Mitigation Measures: Look for an alternative water source,
the right strata producing water with low iron content.
Detain the aerated water in a reservoir, canal before application in the field.
16. Contaminated irrigation water
Contaminated water
Clear water for irrigation
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17. Action: Loss of agricultural land.
17. Impact: Deprives a group of farmers of their
means of living.
Increases landlessness in the area.
Reduces employment in agriculture.
Affects agricultural production.
17. Mitigation Measures: Plan the project to avoid fertile
agricultural land.
Rehabilitate the affected people.
Generate employment opportunities in other activities.
17. Loss of agricultural land
Agricultural land
Loss of land due to road
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18. Action: Obstruction to navigation and
plying of boat.
18. Impact: Disruption of cheap mode of
transportation.
Adverse effects on communication.
18. Mitigation Measures: Provide openings at major
routes and construct road structures leaving adequate clearance above high flood level for plying of boats.
18. Obstruction to navigation
Opening for navigation
Should be above HFL
Box culvert bridge
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19. Action:
Change in land ownership pattern within project area.
19. Impact:
Inadequately distribution of project benefits.
19. Mitigation Measures:
Regulation of land ownership transfer in the project area.
19. Change of Land ownership
pattern
Unequal distribution
of water
Irrigation canal
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20. Action: Inadequate considerations to land
use and landscape.
20. Impact: Landscape disfiguration by irregular
borrowpits, deep cuts, fills, unplanned growth of shops, and other services.
20. Mitigation Measures: Replant disfigured surfaces.
Use a design to blend with landscape.
Prevent unplanned construction and unauthorized uses of roads and embankments.
20. Inadequate landscape
Borrow pits
Blend landscape due
to construction
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Example 2: EMP for a Bridge of LGED
Mitigation Plan
Enhancement Plan
Monitoring Plan
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T Mitigation Plan
Regional Hydrology and Flooding
There is significant flow in the Modhumati river (on which the bridge is
to be constructed) round the year. Chars form in the river during the dry
season. A relatively large charland is visible at the downstream of the
proposed site. Field observations and analysis of secondary
hydrological data indicate that floodwater flow through the bridge site
will not be significantly affected after construction of the bridge.
Analysis of design conditions also suggest that the flood flow will not
affect the bridge if adequate opening is provided in the design.
Erosion
Field observations and hydro-morphological analysis indicate that the
site is not prone to erosion. Only minor local erosion protection
measures may be required in the long term.
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Water Pollution
Construction activities are likely to increase water pollution, mainly
turbidity and sediment load. Discharge of wastewater and solid waste
from the construction site and establishments around the bridge site
after construction should be contained or controlled.
Air Quality
The main adverse impact of the bridge on air quality would be an
increase in dust due to construction related activities and vehicular
movement. This bridge will increase regional connectivity with the
proposed Padma Bridge. Hence traffic volume through this bridge is
likely to increase significantly, which will deteriorate air quality. The
following measures should be undertaken to reduce dust:
During construction (due to construction activities): Careful location of
the construction camp; taking all dust reducing measures such as water
spraying, covering loose soil and sand, etc; ensuring slow movement of
vehicles carrying construction materials on the unpaved roads.
After construction (due to increased traffic): Increased road-side
vegetation cover; water-spraying during heavy traffic.
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T Noise Pollution
Noise pollution is also anticipated to increase significantly. Since the
bridge and the approach roads are very close to densely populated
areas, particularly on the Kalia side, the impact is likely to be
significant. The following measures should be undertaken to reduce the
noise level:
During construction: Use of good quality machinery with low noise and
vibration; proper repair and maintenance of machinery; restriction on
speed and horn of vehicles passing through the settlements.
After construction: Compliance with traffic control rules and regulations.
Fish Habitat
Fish habitat and migration routes in the Modhumati river are likely to be
affected by the bridge. Mitigation measures will be particularly required
during construction of the bridge. The following measures should be
undertaken to safeguard the local fish habitat:
During construction: Minimal disturbance and damage to the existing
fish habitat.
After construction: Imposing ban on fishing at the bridge site;
awareness campaign in the local community for protection of fish
habitat.
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Loss of Lands
Since the Kalia side is densely populated, loss of lands for
construction of the bridge and approach roads will be significant.
The following measures should be undertaken to minimize the
impacts of land acquisition and resettlement in case these are
required:
Minimal land acquisition and resettlement should be targeted.
Appropriate compensation and resettlement mechanism aimed at
minimal disruption of ongoing activities should be formulated in
consultation with the affected people.
Consultation with the affected people at all stages for payment of
reasonable compensation for acquired/affected properties and/or
loss of income, and to provide suitable resettlement options with
adequate infrastructure.
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Navigation and Boat Communication
Barges and passenger launches along with small country boats are
observed to travel through the river at the proposed bridge site. Also,
barge-mounted power plants are expected to be transported through
the bridge site. Therefore impact of the bridge on navigation is likely to
be significant. The following measures should be undertaken to
minimize any adverse impact of the bridge on navigation and boat
communication:
Adequate navigational clearance should be provided under the bridge.
Adequate navigational passage should be provided during
construction.
All temporary constructions (cofferdams, mounds, etc.) should be
removed by the Contractor by the end of project completion period.
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T Enhancement Plan Industrial Activities
Establishment of new small- and medium-scale industries of various
kinds is likely to increase after construction of the bridge because of
more favorable road connectivity with Gopalganj. Particularly, more
brick fields are likely to be established on the Gopalganj (Chapail ghat)
side. Zoning restrictions should be imposed on these brick fields.
Establishment of these industries should be facilitated while ensuring
their compliance with the EQS, and providing proper road/river
connectivity for their smooth operation.
Employment Opportunities
Employment opportunities are likely to increase because of increased
mobility across the Modhumati river, and establishment of new
industries.
New employment may be facilitated through: (a) temporary
employment at the construction site, and (b) employment in new
industries and businesses.
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T Transportation and Road Communication
Apart from improving the regional connectivity, the bridge will
significantly improve road communication between Mollahat-Kalia and
Gopalganj and improve access to better schools, haats and healthcare
facilities on the Gopalganj side. To get the full benefit of the bridge and
to ensure a better regional connectivity, the rural and regional road
networks should be improved by widening the roads, straightening up
the curves/bends, repair/maintenance of existing roads and
construction of new feeder roads.
Travel Safety
The bridge will reduce the risks for the children in crossing the river by
ferry during monsoon. However, the bridge will attract inter-district
buses and large vehicles since this will open a much shorter route to
Bagerhat. Since the Kalia side is very densely populated, road safety
and traffic management will be very important. Appropriate measures
including walkways, traffic signs, traffic safety regulations, pedestrian
crossing, etc., should be put in place so that people can safely use the
bridge. During construction of the bridge, the Contractor should take
appropriate measures to minimize road safety hazard and
inconvenience to road users.
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Service Accessibility to Health
Access to better healthcare facilities on the Gopalganj side will improve
if the rural roads are repaired and improved. People on the Kalia side
will also have a better access to Gopalganj Hospital if the local roads
are improved. Improvement of the rural and local roads will also provide
a better access to ambulance services.
Education/Literacy
The bridge will provide access to better schools and colleges on the
Gopalganj side. These include Govt. Bangabandhu College, Sheikh
Hasina Girls’ School and College and Haji Lalmia City College. Mostly
students living on the Kalia side will be benefited. Walkways and travel
routes connecting the bridge with the schools and colleges should be
improved for better and safer movement of students specially girls.
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Cultural and Heritage Values/ Recreation
The bridge will significantly improve access to important sites in the
area such as ‘Bangabandhu Mausoleum’. The bridge will also
facilitate easier access to important religious/tourist destinations
such as the ‘Shat Gombuz Mosque’ and ‘Khan Jahan Ali
Mausoleum’ in Khulna and Bagerhat. Adequate road signs and
directions should be provided at the road junctions and other
appropriate places to facilitate easy travel to these destinations.
Since this bridge is in a very close proximity to the proposed Padma
bridge, long-distance travelers may find it enjoyable if the
architectural design of the bridge is made similar to that of the
Padma bridge.
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T Monitoring PlanAll monitoring activities should be carried out by LGED unless specified
otherwise. A network should be formed with the local communities for
specific purposes.
Regional Hydrology and Flooding
Safety of bridge and possible erosion/breaching of the approach roads
should be monitored during extreme floods. The local community may
be involved in this monitoring.
Erosion
During construction, riverbank erosion/bed scouring should be regularly
monitored by LGED engineers.
Water Pollution
Monitor and control wastewater discharge.
Monitor compliance of water quality with DoE Standards during and
after construction
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DoE Water Quality Standard for
Inland Surface Waters
Parameter Unit
Recreation
activity Fisheries
pH - 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.5
BOD mg/l mg/L 3 or less 6 or less
DO mg/l mg/L 5 or more 5 or more
Total Coliform No. /100mL 200 or less -
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T DoE Standards for Air
Categories of Area
Microgram per cubic meter
SPMSulphur-
dioxide
Carbon
Monoxide
Nitrogen
Oxides
Industrial and
Mixed 500 120 5000 100
Commercial and
Mixed 400 100 5000 100
Residential and
rural 200 80 2000 80
Sensitive 100 30 1000 30
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DoE Standards for Sound
Category of areasStandard determined at dBa unit
Day (6AM::9PM) Night (9 PM::6AM)
Silent zone 45 35
Residential area 50 40
Mixed area 60 50
Commercial area 70 60
Industrial area 75 70
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Air Quality
Monitor actions taken by Contractor to reduce dust and meet DoE
guidelines
Noise Pollution
Monitor actions taken by Contractor to reduce noise and meet DoE
guidelines
Loss of Lands
Monitor proper compensation for land loss, and resettlement.
Navigation and Boat Communication
Monitor compliance by the Contractor in providing adequate
navigational passage during construction and in removing all temporary
constructions.
Travel Safety
Monitor compliance of the Contractor in providing road safety measures
during construction.
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Environmental Assessment Guidelines for LGED
Projects, LGED, 2008
Guidelines on environmental issues related to
physical planning, LGED, 1992.
Environmental Impact Assessment, CERM, BUET,
2003.
Hydrological & Morphological Study and EIA of
Proposed Eighteen Road Bridges over different
rivers Under Construction of Large Bridge on
Upazila and Union Road Project, LGED, 2011.
References:
Recommended