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•English
Song•English Class
•Language Data Bank
课时分配课时 板块结合范例
Period 1 Warming up &vocabulary
Period 2 Reading I
Period 3 Learning about language
Period 4 Reading II
Period 5 Listening
Period 6 Speaking and Writing
Unit 4 Astronomy:Unit 4 Astronomy:
the science of the starsthe science of the stars
What subjects do you learn at school?What subjects do you learn at school?
Chinese
English
mathematics
physics
history
geography
physics
biology
chemistry
brainstorming
geophysics
biochemistry
astronomy biochemistry geophysics medicine
__________ the scientific study of treatment of diseases and injures
__________ the study of the chemistry of living things
_________ the scientific study of the earth’s atmosphere, oceans and climate
__________ the scientific study of objects in space, such as planets, stars, comets and “black holes”
astronomy
medicine
biochemistry
geophysics
Warming up II– Fill in the blanks(2m)
astronomyastronomy
astronomersastronomers
telescope
Do you know the following scientists? Who are they? What have they discovered?
AristotleAristotle
亚里斯多德亚里斯多德Metaphysics（宇宙哲学）
Galileo Galileo 伽利略伽利略
In 1609 Galileo learned of the invention of the telescope in Holland. From the barest description he constructed a vastly superior model. Galileo made a series of profound discoveries using his new telescope, including the moons of the planet Jupiter and the phases of the planet Venus (similar to those of Earth's moon).
Copernicus
哥白尼
sun-centered or heliocentric （以太阳为中心） theory
Thales 泰利斯
His questioning approach to the understanding of heavenly phenomena was the beginning of Greek astronomy. Thales's hypotheses were new and bold, and in freeing phenomena from godly intervention, he paved the way towards scientific endeavor.
Isaac Newton,
牛顿 1642―1727
Universal gravitation 万有引力gravity 地心引力 重力
Einstein, Albert (1879-1955)
爱因斯坦
Relativity （相对论） and the Cosmos （宇宙）
The theory about black holes （黑洞理论）
张衡 (78 AD - 139 AD), earliest astronomer in China Later Han Dynasty
Seismography 地震仪
Invented seismography and the Armillary Sphere ( 浑天仪 ) so as to observe the universe and predict earthquake
What are the most important skills we need to be real scientists?
Accuracy ( being very careful).
A logical approach.
Through writing of the experiments so someone else could redo the experiment from your notes.
Be able to draw conclusions from the evidence and not impose conclusions on the data.
The earth’s atmosphere
The earth’s
atmosphere
nitrogen
oxygen
dioxidecarbon
surface
vapour
Let’s enjoy some astronomic phenomena .astronomic phenomena . Pre-reading – enjoying and discussing(3m)
nebulanebula
THE SOLAR SYSTEM
Can you name each planet correctly using the letters given in the table below? A.地球 ______
B.木星 ______
C.火星 ______
D.水星 ________
E.海王星 _______
F. 冥王星 _______
G. 土星 ________
H. 天王星 _______
I. 金星 ________
Earth
Jupiter
Mars
Mercury
Neptune
Pluto
Saturn
Uranus
Venus
Sun VenusMercury
Mars Jupiter
Saturn
Earth
Pluto
Neptune
Uranus
Solar system
SunSun EarthEarth
MoonMoon
Satellites 卫星
Space flights （太空飞行）
Cheer up Float
Weightless
Carbin
• Discussion:• Life is a mystery to our human beings.
Scientists study the origin of life by studying space. Do you really think space flights are meaningful? Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of space flights?
Back
Do you know how our life began on the earth?Do you know any ancient idea about the beginning of the universe?
Pangu separates the sky from the earth
Nuwa makes human beings
The Big Bang
explodedwith fire and rock
HOW LIFE BEGAN ON THE EARTH?
Read the passage quickly and find out the answers to the questions below.
• 1. What’s the main idea of the text?
• 2. How many parts can the text be divided into?
• What’s the main idea for each part?
Reading-I----scanning
1. What’s the main idea of the text?
How life began on the earth.
2. How many parts can the text be divided into?
Two parts:
Part 1 (para 1)
Part 2 (para2.3.4)
Water made it possible for life begin to develop.
The development of living things.
• Read paragraph 1, and answer the following questions.
• 1.How did water come into being on the earth?
• 2. What is the significance of the presence of water on the earth?
The explosion of the earth produced water vapour, which turned into water when the earth cooled down.
It allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases into oceans and seas.
Reading-II----skimming
Put the order of development of life into a time line.
A. insects and amphibians appear
B. a solid ball
C. reptiles appear
D. a cloud of dust
E. shellfish and other fish appear
F. dinosaurs appear
G. small plants grow on the water
H. plants begin to grow on dry land
I. presence of water
J. mammals (including humans )appear
D
B
I
G
E
H
A
C
F
J
• Read the second and third paragraphs and put the development of life in the chart.
1___________ 2_________
4.__________
5.__________
3___________
6.__________
7.__________8.__________9.__________
small plants in water
shellfish and all sorts of fish
green plants on landinsects (on land)
amphibian (on land and in water)
forests mammals (on land)
reptiles (on land) dinosaurs (on land)
Reading-II----detail reading
After reading the passage, answer the following questions.
1. Why is it wrong in films and stories to show dinosaurs and people together?
2. Why do you think that humans are the cleverest animals on the earth?
Post reading
1. Why is it wrong in films and stories to show dinosaurs and people together?
2.Why do you think that humans are the cleverest animals on the earth?
Dinosaurs died out long before human beings developed on the earth.
Because they have larger brains than any other creatures on the earth so far.
Discussion: Some scientists have found that there is water on Mars.
1.Can Mars become a little Earth?2. Then what are necessary factors?
Oral task---thinking&speaking
Surf the Internet to find more information about Astronomy
and you are expected to present it to your peer in the next class.
Back
Unit 4 Astronomy:Unit 4 Astronomy:
the science of the starsthe science of the stars
alternative words and expressions
hard or firm
using force to hurt or attack
scientific study of the stars
usually or widely
stop …from
natural large object that circles the sun
the changes as plants or animals grow older
burst
The covering (of something)
Way of doing things
Word-consolidation-I Fill in the blanks
solid
violent
astronomy
generally
prevent from
planet
development
explode
surface
method
Word-consolidation-II2.Complete this passage with some of the above words.
My friend Li Yanping was really very interested in ___________.he liked to watch changes in the moon,the only natural satellite of the earth through his telescope. One evening he thought he saw a huge comet ________as it hit the moon. The ________of the moon produced a lot of dust that became _______like a large ball. It seemed as if it would multiply and become a new _______.Li Yanping thought he was seeing the ______________of the universe until he noticed some dirt on his telescope!he was very disappointed.
astronomy
explodesurface
solidplanet
development
Word-consolidation-III
3.Put these words into the more suitable of the two boxes.
Fierce words Peaceful words
energetic violent angry cruel terrible shocked harmful jealous
gentle patient calm relaxing kind friendly
4.Choose the correct word to fill in each of these blanks.
1. D 2. B 3. C 4. B
GrammarGrammar
Grammar (5m)
主语从句：
做主语用的名词性从句，因其在复合句中做主语，又称主语从句，引导主语从句的有连词 that ， whether ， 连接代词 who ， what ，which ， 连接副词 when ， where ， how ， why 等。
1. 连接词：
1 ）从属连词： that ， whether 等 .that 引导主语从句只起引导作用，本身无实际意义，在主语从句中不充当任何成分，但不能省略。 That she left him cut him to the heart.
2) 连接代词 who ， what ， which, whatever, whichever, whoever
What seems easy to some people seems difficult to others.
由 whether 及其他连词引导的主语从句放在句首，句后都可。
Whether it will please them is not easy to say.
3) 连接副词 when ， where ， how ， why 等。
Why he did it remains a mystery.
2. 位置： 主语从句可以前置，也可以后置。用 it 做形式主语，而把主语从句，在句末，常用下面几种句型。
1 ） It + be + 表语 + 主语从句表语：（名词， 形容词，过去分词）
2 ） It+ 不及物动词 + 主语从句It seemed (happened, doesn’t matter, has turned out) that…
It is still uncertain whether he is coming or not.
It happens that they were absent.
It is a fact (a shame, a pity, good news…) that…
3) It + 及物动词（被动语态） + 主语从句It has been decided that the exhibition will not open on Sundays.
注意 :1 ）主语从句在句首时，必须由连接词引导，不能省略这些连接词；但是如果用 it做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，从属连词 that 可以省略。
误： They should like each other is natural.正： That they should like each other is natural.正： It is natural that they should like each other.
2) 如果主语从句放在句首，不能用 if 引导，但是如果用 it 做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，也可以用 if 引导 .
误： If Mary really heard him is really doubtful.正： It was doubtful if Mary really heard him.
1.I have always been honest and straightforward, and it doesn‘t matter ______that I’m talking to.(2004 年广东省卷 )A. who is it B. who it is C. it is who D. it is whom
高考链接
【试析】这个句子是一个由 and 连接的并列句。 And 后是一个含有主语从句的结构，其主句部分是 it doesn’t matter, 主语从句则是 who it is that I’m talking to. 而在主语从句中，又有一个定语从句，修饰 who. Who 既是一个引导词，也在 it is 中作表语 . 如果再细一点，说 who是 (talking) to 的介词宾语也可以。
2. It is pretty well understood ___ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today. (2003 上海 ) A. that B. when C. what D. how
【试析】主语从句中缺少做主语的成分，故选 C.
3. _____ made the school proud was______ more than 90 ％ of the students had been admitted to key universities. （ 2003上海春季）
A. What; because B. What ; that
C. That ; what D. That ; because
【试析】 what 在此作连接代词，引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语。 that 引导主语从句时，只起引导作用，不作任何成分 .
Homework
Make use or different learning resources to have an inquiry study of subject clause ,and summarize the rules of it.
Unit 4 Astronomy:Unit 4 Astronomy:
the science of the starsthe science of the stars
Do you want to visit the moon?
Warming up----Brainstorming (2m)
The photo from the moon
The photo from the moon
China’s first astronaut--------Yang Liwei
Write down the three ways in which gravity changed for Li Yanping.
Reading I----scanning& skimming (2m)
The way gravity changed
Left the earth
In space
On the moon 3. It became very light.
1.The gravity became very strong.
2. The gravity disappeared.
His weights changed three times too. Now write them down.
The weight changed
Left the earth
In space
On the moon
He became very heavy.
He had no weight and could float around like a feather.
He was about one-sixth of his weight on the earth.
• Black holes
• Stephen Hawking thinks that black holes can both eat and spit objects out.
Read the passage on page 66 and answer the two questions.
• 1. Can a black hole be seen? How do you know it’s a black hole?
• 2. What happened to the spaceship from the beginning to the end?
Reading II----scanning& skimming (2m)
• 1. Can a black hole be seen? How do you know it’s a black hole?
• No, it can’t be seen. You can see things disappear into what appears to be empty space.
• 2. What happened to the spaceship from the beginning to the end?
• At first the lights on the spaceship went out and the computer stopped working. Then the spaceship jumped and began to move around the edge of the outside of the hole.
• As the spaceship moved around the hole, it began to go faster and faster.
• But then the spaceship jumped again, and it moved sideways from the black hole. It began to increase its speed until it seemed to be going as fast as light.
• As last the spaceship slowed down and the computer started working again.
Old ideas about “black holes”
Was this what we found?
New ideas about “black holes”
Black holes cannot be seen.
Objects are pulled towards it.
Objects go round and round outside the mouth of the “black hole”.
YesYes
YesYes
Reading II---- detail reading(3m)
YesYes
Old ideas about “black holes”
Was this what we found?
New ideas about “black holes”
Objects as large as suns can disappear into the “black hole”.
All objects must go into the “black hole” when they are caught by its gravity.
Time slows down when you are close to a “black hole”.
YesYes
NoNo
YesYes
Homework
Surf the Internet to find the information about space and the moon.And you are expected to present it to your peer in the next class.
Unit 4 Astronomy:Unit 4 Astronomy:
the science of the starsthe science of the stars
Gravity made everything fall back to the earth.
Isaac Newton,
牛顿 1642―1727
Universal gravity万有引力
Pre-listening----prediction (1m)
He’s a Jew. He’s famous for his Theory of Relativity.
Einstein, Albert (1879-1955)
爱恩斯坦
Relativity（相对论）
Black holes （黑洞）
Listen for the first timeIsaac Newton
Albert Einstein
Stephen Hawking
Dates 1642-1727 1879-1955 1942-
Listening----(5m)
Listen for the second timeIsaac Newton Albert
EinsteinStephen Hawking
Idea Everything falls back to the earth because of a pull called gravity.
Gravity is different in space.
Black holes would eat stars and they may also push stars into space.
Listen for the third timeIsaac Newton
Albert Einstein
Stephen Hawking
Other Information
Newton’s gravity was about earth.
Einstein’s idea about gravity was about universe.
Hawking’s idea was about black holes.
Which sentence is correct?• 1. I heard about how three men made
mistakes when they tried to describe gravity.
• 2. I heard about how three men wanted to find out about the beginning of the universe.
• 3. I heard about how the idea of gravity had developed over a long period of time.
• 4. I heard about three scientists and their work.
Listening----answering the following questions (5m)
Do you know who he is?
• What’s the name of the spaceship?
• Do you know what education and experience you need to become an astronaut?
Pre-listening----prediction (1m)
New words in the listening
• Gobi Desert 戈壁沙漠• PLA=People’s Liberation Army
中国人民解放军• Air force 空军
Listening: Ex.1 on page 62• 1. Yang Liwei became an astronaut by c
hance.• 2. Nobody over 170 cm can be an astro
naut.• 3. Yang Liwei trained for 10 years to be
came a pilot.• 4. If Yang Liwei had problems in space,
there were ways to save him.• 5. China is the third country to send peo
ple into space just like Russia and the USA.
• 6. Yang Liwei thinks he was lucky to be China’s first man in space.
F
F
T
T
T
T
Listening: Ex. 2 on page 62Information on Yang Liwei, the astronaut
The exams he passed
Experience
Physical qualities
Personal qualities
Excellent degree and 10 years’ training
Pilot for the air force of the PLA
Smaller than 170 cm, less than 70 kg
Calm, mature, hard-working
• What have they built into the spaceship to help Yang Liwei if he has difficulties?
• There are escape seats if Yang Liwei needs them and special doors connecting to rescue rockets if necessary.
Homework
Finish the listening task on workbook, page 62.
Unit 4 Astronomy:Unit 4 Astronomy:
the science of the starsthe science of the stars
Speaking
What would you need?
Speaking task:
spaceship spacesuit
water
Oxygen producer
a space camera
……
Speaking (4m)
If we were going to the moon…
to keep you cool
to stop you flying off into
space
to help you breathe oxygen
to stop your food from floating away
clothes for exercise
clothes for walking on the
moon
to travel on the moon
to give shade
to protect your skin
to take photographs
Discussion-1 (3m)
Fill in the chart. spaceship with water to cool you
carrying oxygen tanks
spacesuit
spacebuggy
spacesuit
a rope to tie you to the spaceship
space food that you can eat easilyspacesuit
sunglasses
space camera
Students work in pairs and give each other a number of “does” and “don’ts”for going to the moon.When finished,you can write some suggestions of yours down and read them out to the rest of the class.
Discussion:
Discussion-2 (3m)
These words and phrases may help you:
Don’ts Does
You mustn‘t…
Please don’t…
Remember never do…
Watch out for…
Please pay attention to...
You’d better do…
Don’t forget to …
Make sure you do…
Writing
Brainstorming for writing (3m)
What will we meet on the moon?
when where what
who problems
Solve (how)
writing an outline(3m)
How to write an outline?
Outline
(main idea)
The first paragraph(introduction)
Body (your own ideas on the item)
Conclusion (summing up)
heading
summing up
You are expected to design 3 problems:
Pre-writing (3m)
Main idea:explain the three problems you will have while visiting the moon.
Paragraph 1: problem 1 and how you will solve it.
Paragraph 2: problem 2 and how you will solve it.
Paragraph 3: problem 3 and how you will solve it.
Summing up: how successful the holiday will be if you follow this advice.
Homework
Write an article telling your teacher and classmates about your ideas and hopes for traveling in space.
Language points for Reading ILanguage points for Reading II
1. It exploded loudly with fire and rock, which were in time to produce the water vapour,….
in time (for sth/to do sth):in time (for sth/to do sth): not late 及时；不迟She will be back in time to prepare dinner. 她来得及回来准备晚饭。
in timein time: sooner or later; eventually 迟早；最后I’ll see him in time.总有一天我会遇见他。
in/out of time: in/not in the correct time 合 / 不合节拍
(sth) be to (do): (something) will definitely happen, or it must happen 不可避免要发生或必须发生。 e.g.They said goodbye, little knowing that they were never to meet again. She is to be honoured for this great work. Mr. Clark said to his daughter, “You are to be home by 10 o’clock at the latest.”
The audience clapped in time to the music.观众合着音乐的节拍拍手。
(sb/sth) be different from: not like someone or something else in one or more ways 与……不同。
Nobody knew that it was going to be different from other planets going round the sun.
City life is quite different form country life. 都市生活与乡村生活是非常不同的。
注意 : （ 1 ）强调 different 时用 very, much, quite, entirely, totally 等词。 （ 2 ）有时，美语口语中用 than,英语口语中用 to 来代替 from 。
going round the sun 为现在分词短语，做定语，表示一般的动作。例如：Men breaking the law will be punished.Men who break the law will be punished.
现在分词短语作定语，也可表示进行的动作。例如：Can you see the girl dancing with your boyfriend?Can you see the girl who is dancing with her boyfriend?
你能看到与男友跳舞的那个姑娘吗？
3.This encouraged the development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish.
这为早期贝类及其他各种鱼类的发育进一步创造了条件。
名词后缀 -ment加在动词之后表示：
1.行为，例如： argument, betterment, development, treatment 。
2. 结果，例如： arrangement, settlement, statement.
3.工具，例如： instrument, pavement.
4. It allowed the earth do dissolve harmful gases, which had become part of the earth’s atmosphere, into the oceans and seas.
allow vt. 允许、许可、容许
allow+n./pron./doing
allow sb. to do
be allowed to do
My father doesn’t allow smoking at home. In fact he doesn’t allow us to smoke anywhere at any time.
父亲不允许在家里吸烟。实际上，他不允许我们在任何地方任何时候吸烟。Are we allowed to use the computer?
我们可以用电脑么？
5.This encouraged the development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish.encourage 鼓舞；促进；怂恿。后接名词、代词，也可接不定式作宾语补足语。如：High prices for corn and wheat will encourage farming.玉米和小麦的高价将促进农业的发展。My success encouraged me to continue.我的成功鼓励我继续干下去。He encouraged me to learn dancing.
他鼓励我去学跳舞。
7. spread 的用法
（ 1 ） vi. （消息等）传开，流传。如：
The news spread through the school very quickly.
The fire spread from the factory to the house nearby.
He spread out his arms to welcome us.
（ 2 ） vt. “使伸展，延伸，张开”，常与out 连用。如：
I spread a new cloth on the table.
我在餐桌上铺上一条新桌布。
他张开手臂欢迎我们。
6. Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.
for millions of years to come 中不定式 to come 作定语，与前面的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系：She is the last person to do such a thing.她是最不像会做这种事的人。
(sth) depend on (sth else): something might only happen or be true if the circumstances are right for it 取决于。
Our success depends on whether everyone works hard or not. 我们的成败取决于是否每个人都努力工作。
cheer up : 欢呼，喝彩，感到高兴， 使高兴。当看到球队的到来，人群欢呼起来。_____________________ when they saw the team arrive.
他带她去听音乐会来使她高兴。He took her _____________ to ____________.
The crowd cheered up
to the concertcheer her up
watch …do/doing : 观看，注视
我们看着太阳正在树后面落下。We _____________________ behind the trees.
每一天当他们看到植物生长，他们的心里都充满了希望。Every day as they __________________ , their hearts filled with hope.
watched the sun setting
watched the plant grow
now that : 既然，由于
既然每个人都到了，我们就可以开始会议。_________________________, we can begin the meeting.
由于你是一个大男孩 ,你就必须行为表现得更好 ._______________________, you must behave better.
Now that everybody is here
Now that you are a big boy
We watched amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earth’s gravity increased.
amazed 是过去分词，此处做状语用 他进来的时候没有人注意到 .He came in _________ .
break out (战争 ,争吵 ,疾病等 )爆发在深夜 ,突然有人吵架 ._________________ suddenly at midnight.A quarrel broke out
unnoticed
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