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8/21/2019 Energy Plus Delhi
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HVAC Systems
… Complying To ECBCEMERSON CLIMATE TECHNOLOGIES (I) LIMITED
8/21/2019 Energy Plus Delhi
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Energy Conservation Building Code 2007 Applicable To Buildings With > 500KW Load Or 1000 Sq M
Conditioned Space
Prescribes Norms & Standards For Energy Consumption In Per Sq M Basis
Bureau Of Energy Efficiency (BEE) Mandated To Prescribe
Guidelines For ECBC
Central And State Governments Can Amend ECBC To Suit
Regional And Local Climatic Conditions
ECBC 2007 Will Become Mandatory To Comply Once Legislated
– Now At Voluntary Adoption Stage
8/21/2019 Energy Plus Delhi
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Scope For ECBCCovers Entire Aspects Related To Energy Utility In A Building
Building Aesthetics
Building Envelop
Mechanical Systems And Equipments Including HVAC Systems
Lighting Systems : Interior & Exterior
Service Hot Water
Electrical Motors In Non-Conditioned Buildings
8/21/2019 Energy Plus Delhi
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Building Energy Consumption Pattern
Air Conditioning
Lighting
MIS Equip
Ventilation Fans
57%
22%
16%
5%
8/21/2019 Energy Plus Delhi
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Key Market Considerations For
Air Conditioning
Easy Installation
Reliability
Easy Maintenance Bil ling Per Usage
Scalability
Easy Installation
Reliability
Bil ling Per Usage Easy Maintenance
Facility
Professional
Lifecycle Cost Operating Flexibility
Better Comfort
Lifecycle Cost Better Comfort
Aesthetics
Sound
End User
Commercial
(Office, Hotel, Factory)
Residential
(House, Villa, Apartment)
8/21/2019 Energy Plus Delhi
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Key Drivers For High Efficiency ACGovernment Regulations
Energy Efficiency Standards
Market Dynamics
Energy Standards Awareness & Pull From Users
Competit ive Scenario
LEED Rating Requirements Of End Users
Carbon Credit Potential
8/21/2019 Energy Plus Delhi
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0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9.00 AM 12.00 AM 3.00 PM 6.00 PM
t o n s
Summer Monsoon Winter
Unit Selection Is Made For Peak
Load Consideration
Only 20% Of Time The Actual SpaceHeat Load Is >80%
45% Of Time The Actual Heat Load Is
Between 40% - 80% The Appliance
Capacity
35% Of Time Capacity Needed
Is <40%
Year-Round Site Conditions
Pune Site Example
An efficient capacity control
solution is very much essential
8/21/2019 Energy Plus Delhi
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HVAC Complying To ECBC Design Considerations
Equipment Selection
Technology Trends
Operation & Maintenance
8/21/2019 Energy Plus Delhi
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Design Considerations Roof Shading, Insulation
Reduce Solar Gain Through Glasses
Consider 24oC For Heat Load Estimate For Comfort
Efficient Lighting
Reduce Starting Current – Multiple Compressor
– Unloaded Start
– Soft Starter
Review Diversity Factor And Yearly Heat Load To Optimise PlantCapacity
8/21/2019 Energy Plus Delhi
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Equipment Selection Non Ducted Split AC
Multiple Ducted Or Packaged ACs
Water Chil lers
Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) Units
8/21/2019 Energy Plus Delhi
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Non Ducted Split AC Split AC Contributes To 55% of 1.8Mn Pcs Sold In India In FY07
IS1391:2002 & ISO 5151:1994 Standards Followed
Trends So Far
First Cost IS The Concern For OEMs
– Low Cost, Low Efficiency Compressors & AC s From China
Unverif ied Claims By OEMs On System COP
Today’s Scenario
Awareness On Efficiency Brought Back To Centre Stage With India
Labeling Norms In FY07
– In Voluntary Adoption Phase Now
– Expected To Become Mandatory In June’08
8/21/2019 Energy Plus Delhi
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Room AC Energy Standards
2007 2008 2010
3.1 3.3 3.5 Star 5
2.9 3.1 3.3 Star 4
2.7 2.9 3.1 Star 3
2.5 2.7 2.9 Star 2
2.3 2.5 2.7 Star 1
India Efficiency Plans
• Applicable Upto 3TR Window & Spli t
• Single Point 350C Ambient Rating
• Balanced Ambient Calorimeter Method
• Now In Voluntary Adoption Phase
• Buy Only Star Labeled AC
• Higher Star Results In Higher Saving
• Initial Cost Offset By Faster Pay Back
8/21/2019 Energy Plus Delhi
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Pay Back With 5 Star ACEnergy Savings For End User With High Efficiency Airconditioner
No o f ho urs of o pe rati on : Con servati ve estim ate : 768 ho urs (8 ho urs x 30 da ys x 4 m on ths x 80% run tim e)
Ele ctricity tariff : INR 5.60 in Mum ba i
Appliance
size
Annual Energy
cost Zero star
AC (INR)
Annual Energy
cost 1 star AC
(INR)
Annual Savings
of 1 Star(INR)
Over Zero star
Annual Energy
cost 5 star
Annual Savings
of 5 star (INR)
over zero star
Annual Savings
of 5 star (INR)
over 1 star
2HP(1.5TR) 10304 9856 448 7313 2992 2543
2.5HP(2TR) 13739 13141 597 9750 3989 3391
2.4339180002.5HP (2TR)
* INR 1500 To 2000 Per Higher Star
2.4254360002HP (1.5TR)
Pay Back Period
(Years)
Annual Savings
(INR)
Higher Initial Cost
(INR)*
8/21/2019 Energy Plus Delhi
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Multiple Ducted / Packaged AC
Outdoor Unit
Ducted AC
Packaged AC
8/21/2019 Energy Plus Delhi
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Ducted / Packaged ACsTrends So Far
Have Higher COP Than Room AC Due To High Efficiency 12 Btu/W
Scroll Compressors
Today’s Scenario
Few OEMs Started Bringing Low Cost, Low Efficiency Compressors &
AC s From China
OEMs Stop Publishing Power Consumption Value On Catalogues
– Will Be Difficult To Control At Small Offices / Non-Consultants Jobs
– Improved Awareness On ECBC Could Be The Anti-Dote
8/21/2019 Energy Plus Delhi
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Typical Application LayoutEnergy Saving Guidelines
• Separate Out Continuous
Use And Intermittent Use Area. Apply Individual
Equipments
• Pay More Attention To
Ducting And Air
Distribution
• If Poorly Done, Wil l Lead
To Frequent Thermostat
Adjustments & Guzzling Of
Energy
• Minimise Tubing Length;
Every 10C Pressure Drop
Impacts Capacity By 2%
8/21/2019 Energy Plus Delhi
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Merits
Aesthetics Of Central AC
Capacity Control
Very Good Effic iency & Reliabili tyThrough Use Of ScrollCompressors
Mostly Air Cooled Version –Serves the Scarce Water Scenario
Easy To Operate; No Operation &Maintenance Team
Lowest 1st Cost Amongst AllOptions
Faster Installation
De Merits
Packaged AC s Consumes Costly
Floor Space; Ducted ACs Growing
Multiple Ducted / Packaged AC
8/21/2019 Energy Plus Delhi
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Water Chillers
Scroll Chiller Screw Chil ler Recip Chiller
• Rotative Technologies Replace Reciprocating Technology
• Mostly Air Cooled Version, Due To Scarce Water Supply
• Air Cooled Modular Construction Provides Installation Flexibi lity
8/21/2019 Energy Plus Delhi
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Water Chillers Trends / Constraints
ARI550 / 590 Standards
Conventionally Known; Lot Of Available Standards
India OEMs In The Process Of Applying For ARI Certification
– Need To Establish Test Facilit ies & Comply With Norms
Offer Good Efficiency Due To High Efficiency Scroll / Screw /Centrifugal Compressors
OEMs Do Not Publish Power Consumption Values
8/21/2019 Energy Plus Delhi
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Water Chiller SystemsMerits
Central AC Aesthetics
Capacity Control
Good Efficiency
Multi Compressors Offer Standby Facil ity
– Standby For Higher Capacity
Screw Or Centrifugal May Push
Up 1st Cost
De Meri ts
Higher Overall Cost
Costly Floor Space For AHUs
And Occasionally Chiller
Operation & Maintenance
Personnel Required
Longer Installation Period
8/21/2019 Energy Plus Delhi
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Minimum Equipment Efficiency
6.435.75Water Cooled> 300TR
6.175.40Water Cooled150 – 300TR
5.494.70Water Cooled< 150TR
3.223.05 Air Cooled> 150TR
3.162.90 Air Cooled< 150TR
IPLVCOPTypeChil ler Capacity
• DX Air Condi tioners To Comply With BIS / ASHRAE Standards
BMS Needed To Comply With Control Requirements
– 3 Different Day Start-Stop Schedule Per Week
VFD For Pumps To Meet Hydronic Balancing
Soft Water MUST For Chiller And Condenser Circuits
8/21/2019 Energy Plus Delhi
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VRF - Multi Evaporator Central A/C
Residential Central
Digital Scroll
Controller
Residential Traditional
8/21/2019 Energy Plus Delhi
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C
a p a c i t y
-20 -10 0 10 20 30 40
Inadequate Heating
Inadequate
Cooling
Ambient Temperature (o C)
Heating Cooling
Compressor Output
Compressor
Cycling
(Inefficient)
Fixed Speed Systems Do Not Match
Load Requirements
8/21/2019 Energy Plus Delhi
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C
a p a c i t y
-20 -10 0 10 20 30 40
• Capacity Matches Load
• Energy Savings
•
High Comfort
Ambient Temperature (o C)
Heating Cooling
Compressor Output
Modulated Compressor Matches Supply & DemandModulated Compressor Matches Supply & Demand
Inverter 40% - 100%
Digital Scroll 10% - 100%
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Typical Modulated System Configuration
Outdoor Unit Single/Mult iple Indoor Units
Communication
8/21/2019 Energy Plus Delhi
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Merits Of VRF Applications
Saves Operating Cost By As Much As 30 -
40%, Depending On Technology
More Precise Room Temperature &
Humidity Control
Superior Aesthetics On Both Interior &
Exterior
Allows More Flexible Design For The
Interior
Zoning – Flexibility In Operation & Bill ing
Scalable – Important Financing
Consideration
Very Easy To Operate; NO need Of
Operation & Maintenance Team
1st Cost In Between Packaged AC &
Chiller
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VRF ACDe Merits
Needs Qualified & Certified Installers
– OEMs Pay Special Attention
8/21/2019 Energy Plus Delhi
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VRF Standards Followed In India
Specific For Japan Climate ARI: Common for all climate
GB: Specif ic For China
Climatic condition
Performance measured @ 100
% & 50 % Load condition
100%,75%, 50%, 25% Load
condition
Performance
measured @
Indoor :27˚C DBT/19˚C WBT,
Outdoor: 35˚C DBT
Both indoor and outdoor @
27˚C DBT/19
˚C WBT
Testing condition
(Cooling capacity)
APF (Annual power factor)IPLV (Integrated Part load
value)
Measurement
Capacity modulation systemCapacity modulation system Applicable
JIS B8616 - 2006 ARI 340/360, GB18837-2002Reference No
JIS (Japanese standard) ARI /GB(Chinese standard)Standard
8/21/2019 Energy Plus Delhi
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Central AC Technology ParticipationChina Example
0
100
200
300
400
11075
32
127
64
110
55
95
45
2003 2004 2005 2006
Chiller
Ducted
VRF
300
240
172
Residential 82 123 158 199
Commercial 90 117 142 176
Total 172 240 300 375
145
150
375
80
CAGR
FY03-06
Chiller 21.1%
Ducted 16.4%
VRF 65.5%
Pieces (000)
8/21/2019 Energy Plus Delhi
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Air Conditioning Technology Trends
Villa
Apartment
Offices
Current Future
VRF
Modular Chiller Central Plant
Mini Splits
Large
Commercial
Energy
Comfort
Aesthetics
Energy
Maintenance
Flexibility
8/21/2019 Energy Plus Delhi
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Modular Chiller Replacing Central Plant
Japan Case Study
3 x 120HP 12 x 30HP
R22 R410A
4 x 30HP 3 X 10HP
Semi-Hermetic Scroll
AC Fan Motor DC Fan Motor
Inverter Water Pump Inverter Water Pump
No Redundancy Partial Operation
No Flexibility Add. Module
Space Scalable
0
5
10
15
20
25
13.0
22.9
Central Modular
0
20
40
60
80
100
57% Reduct ion
Central Modular
76% Increase
Btu/w
Ton/Year
Energy Efficiency (IPLV)
100
43
CO2 Emission
Central Plant Modular Chiller
8/21/2019 Energy Plus Delhi
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Global Energy And Refrigerant TrendsFull Load Seasonal
Today 3-5 Yrs Today 3-5 Yrs Today 3-5 Yrs
USA Yes Yes SEER SEER R22/R410A R410A
Europe Yes Upgraded IPLV IPLV R410A R410A
China Yes Upgraded IPLV IPLV R22 R410A/R22
Australia Yes Upgraded - IPLV R22/R410A R410A
Korea Yes Upgraded - IPLV R22 R410A/R22
Thailand Yes Upgraded - IPLV R22 R22/R410A
India Beginning IPLV IPLV R22/R410A R22/R410A
Energy Ratings/Regulations Refrigerant
8/21/2019 Energy Plus Delhi
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Operational Measures
Is Thermostat Working?
– Electronic Thermostats Sensitive & Reliable
Room Temperature Setting – How Much To Set Thermostat At?
Poor Air Distribution Leads To Fiddling Of Set Temperature
Recommended