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OVERVIEW
• Oil & Natural Gas
• Offshore Wind
• Ocean Energy
• OTEC, Tidal Power, etc.
• Methane Hydrates
• Additional Offshore Energy
OIL & NATURAL GAS: SIMILARITIES
• Hydrocarbon: a substance that contains only carbon and hydrogen
• Oil & Natural Gas are often found together in underground reservoirs
• Reservoirs: rock formations that hold oil, natural gas or both within their pores.
OIL BASICS
• What is oil used for?
• Transportation fuels (gasoline, diesel, etc.)
• Plastics
• Asphalt
• Fertilizer
• Heat
• Some electricity
• Who produces oil? (Top 5)
• Russia
• Saudi Arabia
• United States
• Iran
• China
OIL ECONOMICS
• Supply: the total amount of a specific good or service that is available to consumers
• Demand: how much (quantity) of a product or service is desired by buyers
OIL GEOPOLITICS
• Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
• Members: Iraq, Kuwait, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, Libya, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Algeria, Nigeria, Ecuador, Angola
NATURAL GAS BASICS
• What is natural gas used for?
• Heating
• Cooking
• Electricity
• Chemical Feedstocks
• Who produces natural gas? (Top 5)
• United States
• Russia
• European Union
• Iran
• Canada
NATURAL GAS MARKETS
NATURAL GAS PRICES
• Prices differ regionally
• Natural gas is exchanged in regional markets
OIL PRICES
• Sold at one price, all over the world
• Exchanged in a global market
NATURAL GAS GEOPOLITICS
• There is no “OPEC” of natural gas
• However, the EU is highly dependent on Russia for natural gas
• Creates foreign policy constraints
OIL & NATURAL GAS: NEGATIVE POSITIONS
• Environment DA
• Oil Prices DA
• Natural Gas Prices DA
• Military DA
• Politics DA
• Onshore CP
CURRENT STATE OF OFFSHORE WIND
• Widespread development in Europe
• Investment beginning in the United States, but lack of incentives/regulatory certainty
• Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA)
OFFSHORE WIND: NEGATIVE POSITIONS
• Case Turn: Wind Increases CO2
• Politics DA
• Budget DA
• Environment DA
• Electricity Prices DA
• Onshore CP
• Free Market CP
OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY CONVERSION (OTEC)
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qGwsvuxuK7g
• Works best in areas with large difference in ocean temperatures, such as Hawaii
CURRENT STATE OF OTEC DEVELOPMENT
• Fully operational OTEC plant opened in Japan in 2013
• Technical and cost challenges remain
OTEC: ADVANTAGES
• Warming
• Economy
• Desalination
• Hydrogen Production
• Chill-Soil Agriculture
• Aquaculture
• Mineral Extraction
OTEC: NEGATIVE POSITIONS
• Budget DA
• Politics DA
• Electricity Prices DA
• Environment DA
• Land-Based CP
• EIS CP
WAVE POWER
• Uses waves to generate electricity
• Projects in Portugal and Oregon
• Environmental issues
TIDAL POWER
• Uses the power of the tide to create electricity
• May not be topical, depending on the type of tidal power
• Environmental issues
OCEAN CURRENT POWER
• Uses ocean currents to generate electricity
• Least developed type of ocean energy
WHAT ARE METHANE HYDRATES?
• Methane hydrate: a large amount of methane is trapped within a crystal structure of water, forming a solid similar to ice
• Found in sea-floor sediments and arctic permafrost
CURRENT STATE OF METHANE HYDRATE PRODUCTION
• Test drillings in Canada and Japan
• Becoming cost-effective
• Seen as a potential breakthrough source of energy
FLOATING NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS (FNPP)
• Russia has invested in FNPPs
• New 2014 solvency advocates
• Potential advantages include: Warming, Desalination, Hegemony
• Environment DA
UNDERSEA COAL GASIFICATION
• Coal gasification
• Syngas: fuel gas mixture consisting of hydrogen and natural gas
• Warming Advantage?
• Pollution DA
OFFSHORE SOLAR
• Currently being developed in Japan
• Technology is not very advanced, not a likely affirmative
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