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Joachim Sachs | IEEE Emerging Technology Reliability Roundtable | © Ericsson 2019 | 2019-08-26 |
End to end reliability in industrial 5G networks
Dr. Joachim SachsPrincipal Researcher, Ericsson Research
Ericsson Research 2019-08-26
Joachim Sachs | IEEE Emerging Technology Reliability Roundtable | © Ericsson 2019 | 2019-08-26 |
20102000
22 billion devices
6 billion people1 billion places
2024
1G 2G 4G 5G3G
5G – a foundation for digitalization
Telephony and mobile broadband
A digital infrastructure for
industrial and societal
transformation
cutting the cord, adding mobility
going digital
adding video & data mobile broadband
1990
Joachim Sachs | IEEE Emerging Technology Reliability Roundtable | © Ericsson 2019 | 2019-08-26
Joachim Sachs | IEEE Emerging Technology Reliability Roundtable | © Ericsson 2019 | 2019-08-26 |
Smart cities, smart vehicles, transport and infrastructure
Digitalizing industries and services
Broadband experienceeverywhere, anytime
Sensors and otherdevices everywhere
Empowering people, transforming industries,
advancing society
5G
Joachim Sachs | IEEE Emerging Technology Reliability Roundtable | © Ericsson 2019 | 2019-08-26 |
SMARTAGRICULTURE
FLEET MANAGEMENT
SMART METER
LOGISTICS
TRACKING
TRAFFIC SAFETY& CONTROL
INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION &
CONTROL
REMOTE TRAINING
SMARTMANUFACTURING REMOTE
SURGERY
SMARTPHONESHOME
NON-SIM DEVICES
ENTERPRISE
VENUES
MOBILE/WIRELESS/
FIXED
4K/8K UHD
BROADCASTING
VR/AR
LOW COST, LOW ENERGYSMALL DATA VOLUMESMASSIVE NUMBERS
ULTRA RELIABLEVERY LOW LATENCY
VERY HIGH AVAILABILITY
Critical MTCMassive MTC
Enhanced mobile broadband
Requirements for 5G use cases
MTC – machine-type communicationJoachim Sachs | IEEE Emerging Technology Reliability Roundtable | © Ericsson 2019 | 2019-08-26
Joachim Sachs | IEEE Emerging Technology Reliability Roundtable | © Ericsson 2019 | 2019-08-26 |
SMARTAGRICULTURE
FLEET MANAGEMENT
SMART METER
LOGISTICS
TRACKING
TRAFFIC SAFETY& CONTROL
INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION &
CONTROL
REMOTE TRAINING
SMARTMANUFACTURING REMOTE
SURGERY
SMARTPHONESHOME
NON-SIM DEVICES
ENTERPRISE
VENUES
MOBILE/WIRELESS/
FIXED
4K/8K UHD
BROADCASTING
VR/AR
LOW COST, LOW ENERGYSMALL DATA VOLUMESMASSIVE NUMBERS
ULTRA RELIABLEVERY LOW LATENCY
VERY HIGH AVAILABILITY
Critical MTCMassive MTC
Enhanced mobile broadband
Requirements for 5G use cases
MTC – machine-type communicationJoachim Sachs | IEEE Emerging Technology Reliability Roundtable | © Ericsson 2019 | 2019-08-26
Joachim Sachs | IEEE Emerging Technology Reliability Roundtable | © Ericsson 2019 | 2019-08-26 |
5G Critical Machine-Type Communication – Use casesLatency & Reliability
E2E
Latency
Failure rate ()10-1 10-2 10-4 10-910-3 10-5 10-6 10-7 10-810-0
100ms
10ms
1ms
Transportation
Tactile Internet
Automated
Guided Vehicle
Remote
Control
Factory Automation
Smart Grid
3GPP
Joachim Sachs | IEEE Emerging Technology Reliability Roundtable | © Ericsson 2019 | 2019-08-26
Process
Automation3GPP
5G services and requirements
• 5G services & requirements (TS 22.261)
• Cyber-critical control applications (TS 22.104, TR 22.804)
• Transportation and automotive (TS 22.186, TS 22.289)
Joachim Sachs | IEEE Emerging Technology Reliability Roundtable | © Ericsson 2019 | 2019-08-26 |
Industry alignment: 5G, Intelligent Transport Systems & Automotive
• White Paper on C-V2X Use Cases: Methodology, Examples and Service Level Requirements• AECC White Paper: AECC: General Principle and Vision• …
Joachim Sachs | IEEE Emerging Technology Reliability Roundtable | © Ericsson 2019 | 2019-08-26 |
Industry alignment: Automation Industry
Assembly Line
Operations Center
Supply Management
Inventory Management
AGV monitoring & management Robots & Tools
Bins and Containers
Source: Smartfactorylogistics, Ericsson Analysis
• 5G Alliance for Connected Industries and Automation: Designing 5G for Industrial Use
• 5G for Connected Industries and Automation• …
Reliability and availability- a review
Joachim Sachs | IEEE Emerging Technology Reliability Roundtable | © Ericsson 2019 | 2019-08-26 |
Clarification of Reliability
— Communication Service Reliability : ability of the communication service to perform as required for a given time interval, under given conditions ([3GPP TS 22.104] aligned with IEC 61907)
— Service requirement assumed as “guaranteed” successful transmission within a latency bound
— Reliability requirement for 5G RAN [3GPP TS 22.261]: in the context of network layer packet transmissions, percentage value of the amount of sent network layer packets successfully delivered to a given system entity within the time constraint required by the targeted service, divided by the total number of sent network layer packets.
Latency
% of packets 99.999%
Guaranteedupper-bound
latency
Joachim Sachs | IEEE Emerging Technology Reliability Roundtable | © Ericsson 2019 | 2019-08-26 |
Clarification of Availability
— Network Availability: ability to be in a state to perform as and when required, under given conditions, assuming that the necessary external resources are provided ([3GPP TS 22.804] aligned with IEC 61907)
(Life)Time tt0
Time to Failure (TTF)
Time to Repair (TTR)
TTF
Reliability
MTTFAvailability =
MTTF + MTTR[%]
Failure Repair
MTTR - Mean Time to FailureMTTR - Mean Time to Repair
Challenges and approaches for highly reliable communication services
Joachim Sachs | IEEE Emerging Technology Reliability Roundtable | © Ericsson 2019 | 2019-08-26 |
— a
Reliability Dimensions
5G Communication System
Transmitter Receiver
Node impairments
— Failures of hardware / software
Resource depletion
— Link: radio/link resources
— Node: processing/memory resources
Link impairments (wireless)
— Fading/shadowing
— Mobility
— Interference
Joachim Sachs | IEEE Emerging Technology Reliability Roundtable | © Ericsson 2019 | 2019-08-26 |
— a
Implementation:
- Resilient hardware / software / execution
- Redundancy
Dimensioning, isolation, reservation, prioritization
5G design for ultra-reliable and low latency communication (URLLC)
Reliability Dimensions
5G Communication System
Transmitter Receiver
Node impairments
— Failures of hardware / software
Resource depletion
— Link: radio/link resources
— Node: processing/memory resources
Link impairments (wireless)
— Fading/shadowing
— Mobility
— Interference
5G design for end-to-end reliability
Joachim Sachs | IEEE Emerging Technology Reliability Roundtable | © Ericsson 2019 | 2019-08-26 |
Requirements for critical communication
UE5G Core5G RAN
Public
Devices 5G Network Private
Latency
% of packets Deterministic & reliable communication
Latency
% of packets 99.999%
Guaranteedupper-bound
latency
Ultra-low latency
Joachim Sachs | IEEE Emerging Technology Reliability Roundtable | © Ericsson 2019 | 2019-08-26 |
Requirements for critical communication
UE5G Core5G RAN
Public
Devices 5G Network Private
Latency
% of packets Deterministic & reliable communication
Latency
% of packets 99.999%
Guaranteedupper-bound
latency
Ultra-low latency
Joachim Sachs | IEEE Emerging Technology Reliability Roundtable | © Ericsson 2019 | 2019-08-26 |
Requirements for critical communication
UE5G Core5G RAN
Public
Devices 5G Network Private
Latency
% of packets Deterministic & reliable communication
Latency
% of packets 99.999%
Guaranteedupper-bound
latency
Ultra-low latency
Joachim Sachs | IEEE Emerging Technology Reliability Roundtable | © Ericsson 2019 | 2019-08-26 |
5G New Radio (NR) Low Latency features (1)
OFDM Numerology & mini-slot
μ SCS [kHz] Slot duration0 15 1 ms1 30 0.5 ms2 60 0.25 ms3 120 0.125 ms4 240 0.0625 ms
μ=0
Time
Fre
q.
Min
i-sl
ot
NR slot
μ=2
μ=1
cell size
large
medium
small
low medium high
frequency
15 kHz
60 kHz
30 kHz
30 kHz
60 kHz
60 kHz
30 kHz
15 kHz
30 kHz
15 kHz
120 kHz
100 GHz30 GHz10 GHz3 GHz1 GHzSCS – Sub-carrier spacing
increasing phase noise
Increasing time
dispersion
Joachim Sachs | IEEE Emerging Technology Reliability Roundtable | © Ericsson 2019 | 2019-08-26 |
Faster processing time
Enables faster retransmissions
Enables faster channel access for dynamic resource allocations
Pre-allocation of transmission resources for critical data stream
Reduces channel access times for the transmission
Critical data streams can interrupt best-effort data transmission
5G New Radio (NR) Low Latency features (2)
Pre-emption
eMBB eMBB
UR
LLC
Pre-emptionindication
Repair transmissionPre-scheduling
gNB
UE
UL scheduligrequest (SR)
UL grantUL transmission
Skip SR-to-grant delay
Fast HARQ
DL DataDC
I
UL DataK0
K2
K1
DL
ACK
The fastest case is K0 = K1 = K2 = 0 slots
HARQ - hybrid automatic repeat requestgNB - 5G base stationUE - 5G deviceUL / DL - uplink / downlinkeMBB - enhanced mobile broadbandURLLC - ultra-reliable and low latency communication
Joachim Sachs | IEEE Emerging Technology Reliability Roundtable | © Ericsson 2019 | 2019-08-26 |
5G as a distributed communication and cloud platform
— Bringing applications closer to the action
— ➔Reducing latency
5G System Low Latency features
UE5G Core5G RAN
Public
Devices 5G Network Private
Joachim Sachs | IEEE Emerging Technology Reliability Roundtable | © Ericsson 2019 | 2019-08-26 |
Robust control and data
— Support for extra-robust modulation and coding schemes and link adaptation
— Robust control channel design
5G high reliability features – radio
Multi-antenna techniques
— Exploit diversity and increased channel quality of multiple antennas at transmitter and receiver
Multi-connectivity
— Multiple duplicate transmissions on different carriers (dual-connectivity or carrier aggregation)
Joachim Sachs | IEEE Emerging Technology Reliability Roundtable | © Ericsson 2019 | 2019-08-26 |
5G high reliability features – system
Redundant transmissions path through the 5G system via multiple PDU sessions and redundant node selection
gNB — 5G base stationUPF — user-plane functionFRER — frame replication and elimination
for redundancy
Robust control and data
Host A Host BFRER
UE
UE
gNB1
gNB2
UPF1
UPF2
Switch
Switch
FRER
Host A Host BUE
gNB1
gNB2
UPF1
UPF2
Switch
Switch
FRERFRER
Joachim Sachs | IEEE Emerging Technology Reliability Roundtable | © Ericsson 2019 | 2019-08-26 |
A network that is intended for non-public use.
Usage restricted to authorized devices.
Can be realized standalone or integrated into a public network (e.g. via network slicing).
Multiple independent network realizations basedon a common communication infrastructure
Flexibility of 5G deployment and usage
5G communication and distributed cloud platform
Network slicing Non-public networks (NPN)
Source: 5G-ACIA
Summary
5G capabilities for reliable communication
Joachim Sachs | IEEE Emerging Technology Reliability Roundtable | © Ericsson 2019 | 2019-08-26 |
Implementation:
- Resilient hardware / software / execution
- Redundancy
Dimensioning, isolation, reservation, prioritization
5G design for ultra-reliable and low latency communication (URLLC)
5G Reliability Features
Node impairmentsResource depletionLink impairments (wireless)
Standardized 5G Features
→ Radio-link design for ultra-low latency & reliable / robust transmission
→ Quality-of-service capabilities with traffic separation, resrouce reservations and service-specific configurations
→ Network slicing and support for non-public networks
→ Redundant transmission paths for critical services
1
1
1 2
2 3
2
3
Joachim Sachs | IEEE Emerging Technology Reliability Roundtable | © Ericsson 2019 | 2019-08-26 |
Understanding new 5G use cases & requirements
Validating 5G capabilities
Joachim Sachs | IEEE Emerging Technology Reliability Roundtable | © Ericsson 2019 | 2019-08-26 |
Photo by Scania
Photo by AstaZeroPhoto by Boliden
5GFor industriesEstablished 2015
Proofing 5G technology & learning new use cases and requirements
Ericsson Research Initiative: Pave the way for 5G in industries
Drive 5G requirements, insights and readiness
Covers several industry segments:
Transport, energy, manufacturing, mining, agriculture, …
Joachim Sachs | IEEE Emerging Technology Reliability Roundtable | © Ericsson 2019 | 2019-08-26 |
5G-Enabled Smart Manufacturing
Joachim Sachs | IEEE Emerging Technology Reliability Roundtable | © Ericsson 2019 | 2019-08-26 |
… more on 5G support for nover IoT use cases
— Book on Cellular IoT including critical Internet of Things services
— 2nd edition to appear in October 2019
— https://www.elsevier.com/books/cellular-internet-of-things/liberg/978-0-08-102902-2
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