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chemistry
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Polymerization
Snap beads are a favorite toy for toddlers. Chemical compounds called monomers and polymers resemble snap beads. Monomers are joined end-to-end to form long chains called polymers. You will learn about monomers and polymers.
23.4
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Polymerization >
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Addition Polymers
Addition Polymers
How does an addition polymer form?
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Polymerization > Addition Polymers
• A polymer is a large molecule formed by the covalent bonding of repeating smaller molecules.
• The smaller molecules that combine to form a polymer are called monomers.
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Polymerization > Addition Polymers
An addition polymer forms when unsaturated monomers react to form a polymer.
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Polymerization > Addition Polymers
Polyethylene is used to make many household items, including plastic bottles, bags, and food containers.
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Polymerization > Addition Polymers
Polypropylene, a stiffer polymer than polyethylene, is used to make plastic utensils and containers, and other items such as this whistle.
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Polymerization > Addition Polymers
Polypropylene is prepared by the polymerization of propene.
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Polymerization > Addition Polymers
Polystyrene foam is a poor heat conductor, useful for insulating homes and for molded items such as coffee cups and picnic coolers.
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Polymerization > Addition Polymers
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is used for pipes in plumbing. It is also produced in sheets, sometimes with a fabric backing, for use as a tough plastic upholstery covering.
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Polymerization > Addition Polymers
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is a halocarbon polymer. Vinyl chloride is the monomer of polyvinyl chloride.
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Polymerization > Addition Polymers
Polytetrafluoroethene (Teflon™or PTFE) is the product of the polymerization of tetrafluoroethene monomers.
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Polymerization > Addition Polymers
PTFE is very resistant to heat and chemical corrosion. It is used to coat cookware and to insulate wires, cables, motors, and generators.
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Polymerization > Addition Polymers
Rubber is harvested from tropical plants and is used in a variety of products.
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Polymerization > Addition Polymers
Polyisoprene, harvested from tropical plants such as a rubber tree, is the polymer that constitutes rubber.
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Polymerization >
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Condensation Polymers
Condensation Polymers
How are condensation polymers formed?
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Polymerization > Condensation Polymers
Condensation polymers are formed by the head-to-tail joining of monomer units.
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Polymerization > Condensation Polymers
Polyesters are made by linking dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy alcohols. The polyester polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is formed from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol.
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Polymerization > Condensation Polymers
Woven Dacron (PET fibers) tubing can be used to replace major blood vessels.
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Polymerization > Condensation Polymers
Polyamides are polymers in which the carboxylic acid and amine monomer units are linked by amide bonds.
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Polymerization > Condensation Polymers
The representative polymer unit of nylon is derived from 6-aminohexanoic acid, a compound that contains both carboxyl and amino functional groups.
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Polymerization > Condensation Polymers
Nylon fibers are used for carpeting, tire cord, fishing lines, sheer hosiery, and textiles.
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Polymerization > Condensation Polymers
Kevlar™is a polyamide made from terephthalic acid and p-phenylenediamine.
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Polymerization > Condensation Polymers
Kevlar is used extensively where strength and flame resistance are needed. Bulletproof vests are made of Kevlar.
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Section Quiz
-or-Continue to: Launch:
Assess students’ understanding of the concepts in Section
23.4 Section Quiz.
23.4.
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23.4 Section Quiz.
1. A reactant used to form addition polymers must
a. be saturated.
b. be unsaturated.
c. be an alkane.
d. contain only single C-C bonds.
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23.4 Section Quiz.
2. The physical properties of addition polymers are controlled by adjusting the
a. length of the carbon chain.
b. temperature of the reaction.
c. catalyst used in the reaction.
d. number of substituents.
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23.4 Section Quiz.
3. When water is produced as a polymer forms, the polymer is most likely
a. a condensation polymer.
b. an addition polymer.
c. polyethylene.
d. a dicarboxylic acid.
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Polymerization > Concept Map 23
Concept Map 23 Create your Concept Map using the computer.
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