View
256
Download
0
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
7/24/2019 En Wikipedia Org Wiki Diode Logic or Logic Gate
1/13
7/24/2019 En Wikipedia Org Wiki Diode Logic or Logic Gate
2/13
pdfcrowd comopen in browser PRO version Are you a developer? Try out the HTML to PDF API
Diode-transistor logic in a discrete
transis tor clock. The diodes at A
decode 1 of 12 lines to light the seven
segment displays to show the hours 1
to 12. The transis tors at B drive thedecode diodes and displays. The
diodes at C trigger one of the 12 pairs
of transistors based on the state of the
transis tor flip-flops at D. Additional
diodes in the chain of flip flops allow
this to count hours.
Contents [hide]
1 Diode logic gate versions
2 Simplifying assumptions
3 OR logic gate
4 AND logic gate
5 Negative logic
6 Diode logic with real diodes
7 Early diode logic with transistor inverter
8 Properties
8.1 Non-restoring logic
9 Applications
10 Tunnel diodes
11 Notes
12 See also
13 References
14 External links
Diode logic gate versions [ edit ]
In logic gates, logical functions are performed by parallel or
series connected switches (such as relay contacts or
insulated gate FETs like CMOS) controlled by logical
inputs or parallel resistors or diodes which are passive
components. Diode logic is implemented by diodes which
exhibit low impedance when forward biased and a very
high impedance when reverse biased. There are two kinds
Edit links
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent linkPage information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Espaol
Bahasa Indonesia
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Diode_logic&action=infohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:SpecialPageshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizardhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Diode_logichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Diode_logichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_ushttp://pdfcrowd.com/http://pdfcrowd.com/redirect/?url=https%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fDiode_logic%23OR_logic_gate&id=ma-151122040557-de4701fahttp://pdfcrowd.com/customize/http://pdfcrowd.com/html-to-pdf-api/?ref=pdfhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Diode_logic_for_transistor_clock.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Diode_logic_for_transistor_clock.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Diode_logic&action=edit§ion=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CMOS#logichttps://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173494#sitelinks-wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_ushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Diode_logichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Diode_logichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizardhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:SpecialPageshttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Diode_logic&oldid=688330315https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Diode_logic&action=infohttps://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173494https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Diode_logic&id=688330315https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Diode+logichttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Book&bookcmd=render_article&arttitle=Diode+logic&returnto=Diode+logic&oldid=688330315&writer=rdf2latexhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Diode_logic&printable=yeshttps://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B3gica_diodo-resistorhttps://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logika_diode%E2%80%93resistor7/24/2019 En Wikipedia Org Wiki Diode Logic or Logic Gate
3/13
pdfcrowd comopen in browser PRO version Are you a developer? Try out the HTML to PDF API
of diode logic gates - OR and AND. It is not possible to
construct NOT (Invert) diode gates because the NOT or Invert function requires an active
component such as a transistor.
Simplifying assumptions [ edit ]
For illustration, this discussion assumes idealized diodes that conduct in the forward direction withno voltage drop and do not conduct in the reverse direction. Logic design assume two distinct
levels of signals that are labeled 1 or 0. For positive logic the 1 represents the most positive
level and 0 for the most negative level. For illustration, in this discussion positive logic 1 is
represented by +6 volts and 0 volts represents logic 0. In binary logic, the exact magnitude of the
signal voltage is not critical and it is only necessary that 1 and 0 states be represented by
detectably different voltage levels.
In these examples, at least one input of every gate must be connected to a voltage level providing
the defined logic 1 or logic 0 levels. If all the inputs are disconnected from any driving source, the
output signal is not confined to the correct voltage range.
OR logic gate [ edit ]
The image to the right shows
a diode OR circuit. The diode
symbol is an arrow showing
the forward low impedance
direction of current flow. All
diodes have inputs on their
anodesand their cathodes
http://pdfcrowd.com/http://pdfcrowd.com/redirect/?url=https%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fDiode_logic%23OR_logic_gate&id=ma-151122040557-de4701fahttp://pdfcrowd.com/customize/http://pdfcrowd.com/html-to-pdf-api/?ref=pdfhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Diode_OR_Ideal_Diode.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Diode_logic&action=edit§ion=2https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Diode_logic&action=edit§ion=3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anodehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathodehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Diode_OR_Ideal_Diode.jpg7/24/2019 En Wikipedia Org Wiki Diode Logic or Logic Gate
4/13
pdfcrowd comopen in browser PRO version Are you a developer? Try out the HTML to PDF API
A diode OR Gate with positive logic truth table
are connected together to
drive the output. R is
connected from the output to
some negative voltage (-6
volts) to provide bias current
for the diodes.
If all inputs A and B and C are at 0 volts (logic level 0), current flowing through R will pull the output
voltage down until the diodes clamp the output. Since these diodes are treated as ideal, the output
is clamped to 0 volts, which is logic level 0. If any input switches to a positive voltage ( logic 1),
current flowing through the now forward-biased diode will pull the output voltage up, providing a
positive voltage at the output, a logic 1. Any positive voltage will represent a logic 1 state; the
summing of currents through multiple diodes does not change the logic level. The other diodes are
reverse biased and conduct no current.
If any input A OR B OR C is 1, the output will be 1. Only if all inputs, A and B and C are 0 will the
output be 0. This is the definition of a logic OR. The truth table on the right of the image shows the
output for all combinations of inputs.
This can be written as:
A OR B OR C = OUTPUT
or
A+B+C=OUTPUT
In Boolean algebrathe plus sign (+) is used to denote OR.
R can return to any negative voltage. If R is connected to 0 volts it will have no drive current
available to drive the next circuit; practical diodes need a bias current. In a practical circuit, all
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Diode_OR_Ideal_Diode.jpghttp://pdfcrowd.com/http://pdfcrowd.com/redirect/?url=https%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fDiode_logic%23OR_logic_gate&id=ma-151122040557-de4701fahttp://pdfcrowd.com/customize/http://pdfcrowd.com/html-to-pdf-api/?ref=pdfhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Diode_OR_Ideal_Diode.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Diode_OR_Ideal_Diode.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boolean_algebra7/24/2019 En Wikipedia Org Wiki Diode Logic or Logic Gate
5/13
pdfcrowd comopen in browser PRO version Are you a developer? Try out the HTML to PDF API
A diode AND Gate with positive logic truth table
signal levels, the value of R and its return voltage are chosen by the circuit designer to meet the
design requirements.
AND logic gate [ edit ]
The diode AND is basically the
same as the OR except it isturned upside down. The
diodes are reversed so that
the cathodes are connected
to the inputs and the anodes
are connected together to
provide the output. R is
connected to +12 volts to
provide the forward bias
current for the diodes and
current for output drive.
If all inputs A AND B AND C
are a positive voltage (+6 volts here), current flowing through R will pull the output positive till the
diodes clamp the output to +6 volts, the logical 1 output level. If any input switches to 0 volts(logical 0 level), current flowing through the diode will pull the output voltage down to 0 volts. The
other diodes would be reverse biased and conduct no current.
If input A or B or C is 0, the output will be 0. Only if all inputs, A AND B AND C are 1 will the output
be 1. This is the definition of a logic AND. The truth table on the right of the image shows the
output for all combinations of inputs.
http://pdfcrowd.com/http://pdfcrowd.com/redirect/?url=https%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fDiode_logic%23OR_logic_gate&id=ma-151122040557-de4701fahttp://pdfcrowd.com/customize/http://pdfcrowd.com/html-to-pdf-api/?ref=pdfhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Diode_AND2_Ideal_Diode.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Diode_AND2_Ideal_Diode.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Diode_logic&action=edit§ion=47/24/2019 En Wikipedia Org Wiki Diode Logic or Logic Gate
6/13
pdfcrowd comopen in browser PRO version Are you a developer? Try out the HTML to PDF API
This can be written as:
A AND B AND C = OUTPUT
or
AxBxC=OUTPUT
(In Boolean algebra the multiplication symbol denotes AND.)
Similar to the diode OR, R can return to any voltage that is more positive than the logic level 1. If R
is connected to a voltage equal to the 1 level it will have no drive current available to drive the next
circuit. All signal levels, the value of R and its return voltage are options chosen by the circuit
designer to meet the design requirements.
Negative logic [ edit ]
The assignment of 1 and 0 to the positive and negative signal levels respectively is an option of
the logic designer using the AND or OR circuits. With this assignment it assumes that the logic is
positive. It is just as likely that the assignment might be the reversed where 1 is the negative
voltage and 0 is the positive voltage. This would be negative logic. Switching between positive and
negative logic is commonly used to achieve a more efficient logic design.
In Boolean algebrait is recognized that a positive logic OR is a negative logic AND. Similarly a
positive logic AND is a negative logic OR.
This relationship can easily be recognized by reading the above description of their operation. In
the OR it stated, Only if all inputs, A and B and C are 0 will the output be 0. In negative logic each
node at the lower voltage would become a logic 1, making the statement, Only if all inputs, A AND
B AND C are 1 will the output be 1. That is the definition of an AND function.
Similarly for the AND it was stated, If input A or B or C is 0 the output will be 0. In negative logic
http://pdfcrowd.com/http://pdfcrowd.com/redirect/?url=https%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fDiode_logic%23OR_logic_gate&id=ma-151122040557-de4701fahttp://pdfcrowd.com/customize/http://pdfcrowd.com/html-to-pdf-api/?ref=pdfhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Diode_logic&action=edit§ion=5https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boolean_algebra7/24/2019 En Wikipedia Org Wiki Diode Logic or Logic Gate
7/13
7/24/2019 En Wikipedia Org Wiki Diode Logic or Logic Gate
8/13
pdfcrowd comopen in browser PRO version Are you a developer? Try out the HTML to PDF API
reverse voltage limited by zener or avalanche breakdown. Typical worst case specifications are
shown below for both germanium and silicon PN diodes.
Germanium diode:
Max forward voltage at 10 ma = 1 volt @ 0 to 85 C
Max reverse leakage current at 15 volts = 100 microamps @ 85 C
Silicon diode:
Max forward voltage at 10 ma = 1 volt @ 0 to 125 C
Max reverse leakage current at 15 volts = 1 microamps @ 85 C
Effects of component manufacturing variations and temperature are usually included in these
specifications.
More realistically the germanium forward voltage might be 0.25 to 0.4 volts but this is often not
specified. The silicon leakage current might be much lower possibly 1 to 100 nanoamps.
PN diodes also have transient behaviors that might be of concern with the design. The
capacitance of a PN diode between anode and cathode is inversely proportional to the reverse
voltage, growing as it approaches zero volts and into forward bias. There is also a recovery
concern where the current will not decrease immediately when it is switched from forward bias to
reverse bias. In the case of the diode OR if two or more of the inputs are at the 1 level and one
switches to 0 it will cause a glitch or increase in current in the diodes that remain at 1. This can
cause a short term dip in the output voltage. In practice if the diode logic gate drives a transistor
inverter, as it usually does, and the diode and transistor are of similar construction the transistor
will have a similar base collector capacitance that is amplified by the transistor gain so that it will be
too slow to pass the glitch. Only when the diode is of a much slower construction will it become any
concern at all. In one unusual design small selenium diode discs were used with germanium
http://pdfcrowd.com/http://pdfcrowd.com/redirect/?url=https%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fDiode_logic%23OR_logic_gate&id=ma-151122040557-de4701fahttp://pdfcrowd.com/customize/http://pdfcrowd.com/html-to-pdf-api/?ref=pdf7/24/2019 En Wikipedia Org Wiki Diode Logic or Logic Gate
9/13
df d mi b PRO i Are you a developer? Try out the HTML to PDF API
AND Invert and OR Invert DTL logic circuits packaged on IBM 608
cards. 1957
transistors. The recovery time of the very slow selenium diodes caused a glitch on the inverter
output. It was fixed by placing a selenium diode across the base emitter junction of the transistor
making it think it was a selenium transistor (if there could ever be one).
Early diode logic with transistor inverter [ edit ]
In the mid 1950s diode logicwas used in the IBM 608which
was the first all-transistorized
computer in the world. The
image on the r ight shows two
basic logic circuits packaged
on 608 cards. They were
designed using
handmade[nb 1]germanium
PNP and NPN Alloy-junction
transistors. The PNP and NPN
transistor symbols are those
used by IBM.[2]These circuits were designed using all discrete components. A single card would
hold four two way circuits or three three way or one eight way. All input and output signals were
compatible. The circuits were capable of reliably switching pulses as narrow as one
microsecond.[citation needed]
The designers of the 1962 D-17Bused diode-resistor logic as much as possible, to minimize the
number of transistors used.
Properties [ edit ]
http://pdfcrowd.com/http://pdfcrowd.com/redirect/?url=https%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fDiode_logic%23OR_logic_gate&id=ma-151122040557-de4701fahttp://pdfcrowd.com/customize/http://pdfcrowd.com/html-to-pdf-api/?ref=pdfhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:IBM_608_Logic_Gates.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:IBM_608_Logic_Gates.jpghttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Diode_logic&action=edit§ion=7https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Diode_logic&action=edit§ion=8https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_608https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alloy-junction_transistorhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-17B7/24/2019 En Wikipedia Org Wiki Diode Logic or Logic Gate
10/13
df di b PRO i Are you a developer? Try out the HTML to PDF API
In cascaded AND-OR diode gates, the
high voltage level is decreased more than
two times .
Non-restoring logic [ edit ]
Digital logic implemented by active elements is
characterized by signal restoration. Trueand falseor
1and 0are represented by two specific voltage
levels. If the inputs to a digital logic gate is close to
their respective levels, the output will be closer or
exactly equal to its desired level. Active logic gates
may be integrated in large numbers because each
gate tends to remove noise at its input. Diode logic
gates are implemented by passive elements; so, they
have two restoration problems.
Forward voltage drop.The first restoration problem
of diode logic is that there is a voltage drop VFabout
0.6 V across the forward-biased diode. This voltage is
added to or subtracted from the input of every gate so
that it accumulates when identical diode gates are
cascaded. In an OR gate, VFdecreases the high voltage level (the logical 1) while in an AND gate,
it increases the low voltage level (the logical 0). The feasible number of logic stages thus depends
on the difference between the high and low voltages.
Source resistance.Another problem of diode logic is the internal resistance of the input voltage
sources. Together with the gate resistor, it constitutes a voltage divider that worsens the voltage
levels. In an OR gate, the source resistance decreases the high voltage level (the logical 1) while
in an AND gate, it increases the low voltage level (the logical 0). In the cascaded AND-OR diode
gates in the picture on the right, the AND high output voltages are decreased because of the
http://pdfcrowd.com/http://pdfcrowd.com/redirect/?url=https%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fDiode_logic%23OR_logic_gate&id=ma-151122040557-de4701fahttp://pdfcrowd.com/customize/http://pdfcrowd.com/html-to-pdf-api/?ref=pdfhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Diode_Logic_Problem_1.svghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Diode_Logic_Problem_1.svghttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Diode_logic&action=edit§ion=97/24/2019 En Wikipedia Org Wiki Diode Logic or Logic Gate
11/13
df di b PRO i A d l ? T t th HTML t PDF API
internal voltage drops across the AND pull-up resistances. [3]
Applications [ edit ]
Diode logic gates are used to build diodetransistor logic(DTL) gates as integrated circuits.
The outputs of conventional ICs (with complementary output drive stages) are never directly
connected together since they act as voltage sources. However, diodes can be used to combine
two or more digital (high/low) outputs from an IC such as a counter. This wired logic connection
can be a useful way of producing simple logic functions without using additional logic gates. [4]
Most circuit families are designed to have compatible inputs and outputs depending on these
signal levels to achieve reliable performance. Adding diode logic will degrade the signal level and
result in poor noise rejection and possible failure.
Tunnel diodes [ edit ]
During the 1960s the use of tunnel diodesin logic circuits was an active research topic. When
compared to transistor logic gates of the time, the tunnel diode offered much higher speeds. Unlike
other diode types, the tunnel diode offered the possibility of amplification of signals at each stage.
The operating principles of a tunnel diode logic rely on biasing of the tunnel diode and supply of
current from inputs over a threshold current, to switch the diode between two states.
Consequently, tunnel diode logic circuits required a means to reset the diode after each logical
operation. A simple tunnel diode gate offered little isolation between inputs and outputs and had
low fan inand fan out. More complex gates, with additional tunnel diodes and bias power supplies,
overcame some of these limitations. [5]Advances in discrete and integrated circuit transistor speed
and the more nearly unilateral nature of transistor amplifiers overtook the tunnel diode gate and it
is no longer used in modern computers.
http://pdfcrowd.com/http://pdfcrowd.com/redirect/?url=https%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fDiode_logic%23OR_logic_gate&id=ma-151122040557-de4701fahttp://pdfcrowd.com/customize/http://pdfcrowd.com/html-to-pdf-api/?ref=pdfhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Diode_logic&action=edit§ion=10https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Diode_logic&action=edit§ion=11https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode%E2%80%93transistor_logichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wired_logic_connectionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunnel_diodehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fan_inhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fan_out7/24/2019 En Wikipedia Org Wiki Diode Logic or Logic Gate
12/13
df di b PRO i A d l ? T t th HTML t PDF API
[hide]VTE
Notes [ edit ]
1. ^IBM's 360 and Early 370 Systems
See also [ edit ]
Diode matrix
Transistortransistor logic
References [ edit ]
1. ^United States Dept. of the Army, Communications-electronics Fundamentals: Digital Computers
Field manual FM 11-721978, pages 3-17 through 3-22
2. ^IBM Customer Manual of Instruction: Transistor Component Circuits , p. 20 , IBM, 1960.
3. ^Diode logic
4. ^Integrated Circuits (Chips)
5. ^Tunnel Diodes for Switching and Microwave Applications Technical Manual TD-30, RCA 1963,
(3rd Chapter) Switching
External links [ edit ]
"Joystick Controller: Using Diodes to Create OR Circuits" by David Cook
Logic families
Technologies
BiCMOS CMOS Depletion-load NMOS logic(including HMOS) Diode logic
Diodetransistor logic(DTL) Direct-coupled transistor logic(DCTL) Emitter-coupled logic
(ECL) Gunning transceiver logic(GTL) Integrated injection log ic(I2L) NMOS logic
PMOS logic Resis tortransis tor logic(RTL) Transistortransistor logic(TTL)
http://pdfcrowd.com/http://pdfcrowd.com/redirect/?url=https%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fDiode_logic%23OR_logic_gate&id=ma-151122040557-de4701fahttp://pdfcrowd.com/customize/http://pdfcrowd.com/html-to-pdf-api/?ref=pdfhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Logic_Familieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Logic_Familieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Logic_Families&action=edithttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Diode_logic&action=edit§ion=12https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Diode_logic&action=edit§ion=13https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Diode_logic&action=edit§ion=14https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Diode_logic&action=edit§ion=15https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode_matrixhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transistor%E2%80%93transistor_logichttp://ibm-1401.info/Form223-6889-TransistorComponentCircuits.pdfhttp://www.play-hookey.com/digital_electronics/dl_gates.htmlhttp://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/ic.htmhttp://www.robotroom.com/Joystick2.htmlhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logic_familyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BiCMOShttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CMOShttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depletion-load_NMOS_logichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode%E2%80%93transistor_logichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct-coupled_transistor_logichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emitter-coupled_logichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunning_transceiver_logichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_injection_logichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NMOS_logichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMOS_logichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resistor%E2%80%93transistor_logichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transistor%E2%80%93transistor_logichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current-mode_logic7/24/2019 En Wikipedia Org Wiki Diode Logic or Logic Gate
13/13df di b PRO i
Are you a developer? Try out the HTML to PDF API
Privacy policy About Wikipedia Disclaimers Contact Wikipedia Developers Mobile view
This page w as last modified on 31 October 2015, at 05:11.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you
agree to the Terms of Useand Privacy Policy. Wikipedia is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit
organization.
Current mode logic / Source-coupled logic(CML/SCL)
Types Static Dynamic Domino logic Four-phase logic
Categories: Logic families
http://pdfcrowd.com/http://pdfcrowd.com/redirect/?url=https%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fDiode_logic%23OR_logic_gate&id=ma-151122040557-de4701fahttp://pdfcrowd.com/customize/http://pdfcrowd.com/html-to-pdf-api/?ref=pdfhttps://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Privacy_policyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Abouthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_ushttps://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/How_to_contributehttps://en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Diode_logic&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobilehttps://wikimediafoundation.org/https://www.mediawiki.org/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_3.0_Unported_Licensehttps://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Terms_of_Usehttps://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Privacy_policyhttps://www.wikimediafoundation.org/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Logic_familieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current-mode_logichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Static_logic_(digital_logic)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_logic_(digital_electronics)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domino_logichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-phase_logichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CategoryRecommended