View
215
Download
1
Category
Tags:
Preview:
Citation preview
Emission Control Technologies & Fuel Quality Requirements
Dr K Kumar, Chairman, SIAM Committee on In-Use Vehicles & Advisor Engineering, Maruti Udyog Limited
SIAM
20th November 2006, New Delhi
Size of the Indian Automobile IndustrySize of the Indian Automobile Industry
Size ~ 9.7 mn vehicles
Production Volume Contribution
All figures for Apr 2005- Mar 06
• India second largest producer of Motorcycles (7.6 mn) in the world
Passenger Vehicles
13%
Three Wheelers4%
Two Wheelers79%
Commercial Vehicles
4%
SIAM
Total Registered Vehicles ~ 87 Mn
Commercial Vehicles
14%
Passenger Vehicles
13%
Two Wheelers
73%
Indian Vehicle ParcIndian Vehicle Parc
Source: Govt. of India Statistics of Registered Vehicles & SIAM estimates
2005
SIAM
Engine Technology
Fuel Quality
Lower emissions
+
Engine Technology & Fuel Quality
Auto Fuel Policy
Principles
• “As elsewhere in the world the Government should decide only the vehicular emission standard and the corresponding fuel specifications without specifying vehicle technology type of fuel
SIAM
Ahmedabad
Mumbai
Pune
Bangalore Chennai
Hyderabad
Surat
Delhi
Kanpur
Kolkatta
Agra
Mega Cities
Major cities
Outcome of Auto Fuel PolicyOutcome of Auto Fuel Policy
Challenge to Vehicle Manufacturers:• Different Fuel Quality in different parts of the Country• Same vehicle plying in various areas – Would effect after-
treatment devices/ OBD/ other engine components?
Fuel Quality
Major Cities
Mega Cities
Rest Of India
Euro II April 2001. April 2003. April 2005.Euro III April 2010.Euro IV Not decided
April 2005.April 2010.
SIAM
Challenges and Demands on Vehicles
SIAM
• Regulations– Safety, Emissions and Noise requirements are to be
met by vehicle manufacturers
• Customers– We need to meet expectations of performance, price,
reliability and fuel consumption
SIAM
• 1991 - First Emission Norms for Gasoline Vehicles– Carbureted Vehicles
• 1995– Introduction of Open Loop Catalytic Converter in Petrol Cars
(Beginning with Delhi, due to availability of Lead Free Fuel)
• 1996 - Further Tightening of Emission Norms– Evaporative Emission Control Systems
History in Developments in Gasoline Vehicles
Carburetted / petrol engines EGR & 3 way catalytic converter
MPFI Engines with EMS Mapped EGR
Improved combustion system Advanced EGR tolerant processes in engine Variable valve-train system Optimised power train Catalyst with early light off technology
Variable valve timing Lean burn technology DeNOx catalyst Light weight vehicles
BS-II 2000 onwards
BS-IV – 2010 onwardsBS-III – 2005 onwards
BS-I (2000)
SIAM
Steps of Technology Evolution - Gasoline
Re-entrant combustion chamber Turbocharger / intercooler Zero sac nozzles
High pressure rotary fuel injection system
Modified re-entrant toroidal combustion chamber
High pressure injectors EGR & oxycat for MUVs
High pressure electronic fuel injection system
High pressure ratio turbochargers New design of piston, rings, cylinder
head Lubricating oil control package New driveline New intake and exhaust arrangement
Centralised injection system High pressure common rail/Unit
injection system Cooled EGR Particulate trap/DeNOx catalyst Variable geometry turbocharger
SIAM
Steps of Technology Evolution - Diesel
BS-II 2000 onwards
BS-IV – 2010 onwardsBS-III – 2005 onwards
BS-I (2000)
Fuel of the right quality important to meet the emission norms and
sustained emission performance
SIAM
Fuel Quality : Concerns
• Fuel an enabler of advanced vehicle technology- an established fact
• Progressively tighter emission norms can be met only with matching fuel quality
• Fuel adulteration aided by current fuel pricing policy• Subsidised kerosene diverted for adulteration of
diesel• Need for a roadmap for future scenario for
conventional and alternative fuels – CNG/LPG/Hybrid/Hydrogen/Fuel cell/Hythane etc
SIAM
Issues
• Oil industry has taken initiatives for ensuring the right fuel quality, but fuel adulteration still rampant
– Adulteration causes loss to the exchequer and the oil companies
– Has serious impact on the vehicle performance and emissions
• Impairs after treatment systems• 3 way catalytic converters• On-board diagnostic systems• Particulate filters & traps etc
– Impacts image of the auto industry and leads to warranty claims
• Dual emission norms– Impacts emission performance due to fueling of lower quality
level fuel when vehicle travel in non-metro areas– Need for a single emission norm across the country.
SIAM
• Alternative Fuels– Ethanol-gasoline blend and bio-diesel announced– All stakeholders need to develop a sustainable
alternative fuel roadmap
• 10% Ethanol Gasoline blend– Announced in the press– Auto industry unable to carry trials– Need to be made available to the auto industry
well in advance to enable them carry out trials– Field experience of 5% ethanol blend to be
studied after introduced in the country for atleast one year
Issues contd…….
SIAM
Need for a proactive approach
• Auto and Oil Industry should lead emission agenda.
• Develop a joint approach and proactive positioning.
• One national road map – Emission– Fuel– Alternate fuel
• Long term policy : Based on AMP
Thank You!
Recommended