Emerging sustainable energy technologies. Ferrybridge Power Station (Eric De Mare)
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- emerging sustainable energy technologies
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- Ferrybridge Power Station (Eric De Mare)
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- Oil, coal and natural gas dominate the worlds primary energy
market and will continue to do so for the foreseeable future.
Barely 10% of global fossil fuel reserves have already been
consumed. Coal is perceived as environmentally unfriendly,
producing relatively large amounts of CO 2 and SO 2 when
burnt.
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- For coal to continue to drive power generation across the
globe, technology must continue to be developed to reduce coal
plant emissions to near zero.
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- Trends in employment in UK energy industries (1980 2009).
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- UK production of primary fuels (1980 2009).
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- UK import dependency of fossil fuels (1980 2009).
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- UK import dependency of coal (1980 2009).
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- UK coal consumption (1980 2009).
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- UK electricity supplied by fuel type (1980 2009).
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- While the demand for the coal across Europe is falling,
elsewhere notably USA, India and China the demand for coal is
increasing. Coal is the cheapest fossil fuel, the easiest to
extract and by far the most abundant. Coal will continue to be a
primary energy source for decades, possibly for centuries.
Implementing clean coal burning technologies is essential to
maintain CO 2 reduction targets.
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- Three strategies for reducing emissions from fossil fuel power
generation:- (a) increase energy efficiency of thermal cycle (b)
use a less carbon intensive source (c) capture and storage of CO
2
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- Increasing the energy efficiency of the thermal cycle
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- Rankine cycle + Brayton cycle = Combined cycle Combined cycle
fed with superheated high pressure air and gasified coal = IGCC Use
pulverised coal in an IGCC plant
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- pre combustion capture oxy-fuel combustion post combustion
capture Capture and storage of CO 2
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- Pre combustion capture coal gasification + combined cycle power
generation = IGCC
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- Pre combustion capture underground coal gasification
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- Oxy-fuel combustion Coal combustion occurs in an O 2 enriched
environment, producing a flue gas comprised mainly of CO 2 and
water. The water is easily separated by condensation and the CO 2
is ready for sequestration.
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- Post combustion capture Carbon capture and storage, also known
as CCS or carbon sequestration, describes a family of technologies
designed to tackle global warming by capturing CO 2 from coal-fired
power stations in this case and permanently storing it
underground.
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- Post combustion capture source:
http://www.wri.org/project/carbon-dioxide-capture-storage
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- Conclusions Experts have divergent views on the economic and
technical feasibility of commercial-scale CCS. Up to 40% of a power
station's energy could end up being used to run the CCS scrubbing
and transport systems. Estimates for retro-fitting Britain's ageing
power stations are as high as 1bn each.
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- Conclusions Critics argue that CCS cannot reduce global CO 2
emissions in time to avoid a 2 o C increase in global temperature.
Over the next 20 years, only 7Gt CO 2 will be sequestrated. CCS has
no place in a sustainable energy future because it relies on
continued use of fossil fuels and has a negative interaction with
the elements of a renewable low energy system.
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- Conclusions CCS technologies are being developed at Hatfield
colliery near Doncaster where plans for a 900MW clean coal power
station, run on hydrogen extracted from coal are currently being
allied to CCS technologies to capture 90% of the CO 2 emissions and
pipe them to the North Sea for geological storage. Legislative and
financial support for clean coal allied with CCS would ensure that
the UK has an environmentally friendly, secure and indigenous
supply of energy for decades to come. In addition, jobs created
within a nascent clean coal industry would give a lifeline to
mining communities that have seen a quarter of a century of
economic and social decline.
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- Conclusions Will peak coal ever be a concern? I don't think
we'll ever experience peak coal... The Dakotas, Mississippi,
Alabama, Louisiana, Texas all have large, large amounts of lignite.
Or in China[s] Xinjiang province... there's a trillion tonnes of
resources [that] will be the new Middle East. Anyone who has the
notion that we're going to move away from fossil fuels just isn't
paying attention. Fred Palmer, Peabody Energy
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- http://ccs-info.org/index.html
http://www.vattenfall.com/en/ccs/index.htm
http://www.zeroemissionsplatform.eu/