Electron Beam Treatment for Potable Water Reuse: Removal of … · 2017. 4. 27. · Perfluorinated...

Exploiting eBeam Technologies for Cleaning, Healing, Feeding, and Shaping this World and Beyond…

Electron Beam Treatment for Potable Water

Reuse: Removal of Bromate and

Perfluorooctanoic Acid

B. Batchelor, S.D. Pillai, L. Wang and V.S. Botlaguduru

National Center for Electron Beam ResearchAn IAEA Collaborating Center for Electron Beam Technology

Texas A&M University, USA

Water is a Precious Commodity

Abbreviated Contaminant List of Concern in Texas’ Reclaimed

Water (TWDB, 2015)

Chemical Contaminants Microbial Contaminants

Disinfection by products (bromoform, bromate, chloroform, trihalomethanes)

Cryptosporidium oocysts

Household products and food additives (Bisphenol A, Perflurooctanoic acid, Perfluorooctane sulfonate)

Giardia cysts

Estrogenic compounds (17β-estradiol) Enteric viruses, Norovirus

Total coliforms, E.coli

Bacterial pathogens

➢ What and Why Bromate?

❖ Formation

Bromate is a disinfection by-product, primarily formed

when ozonating bromide-containing waters

a) Molecular ozone mechanism

b) Hydroxide radical mechanism

➢ What and Why Bromate?

❖ Health Impact & Regulation

a) Renal cell cancer

b) Classified as a substance possibly carcinogenic to

humans by International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)

c) Maximum contaminant level: 10 μg/L

Experimental System

• Synthetic waste water to simulate reclaimed water– Revere osmosis water

– pH 7.3

– 50 mg CaCO3/L alkalinity

– 50 µg/L Dissolved organic carbon (from fulvic acid)

• Fulvic acid chosen since mol weight < 1000 Daltons used as surrogate for NOM

Experimental System

• Samples prepared under anaerobic system

• Sample volumes ~ 30 mL

• Sealed bags to maintain anaerobic conditions

• Analytical technique

– BrO3- and Br- and F- measured using ion

chromatography

Effect of Nitrate on Bromate Removal

20 mg/L

10 mg/L

5 mg/L

Scavenging Model for Effect of Nitrate on Bromate Dose

Constant

Effect of Alkalinity on Bromate Dose Constant

Effect of pH on Bromate Dose Constant

pH 5.0

pH 7.3pH 9.0

Effect of Dissolved Oxygen on Bromate Removal

Without dissolved oxygen

With dissolved oxygen

Perfluorinated Chemicals (PFCs)

• Perfluorooctanoic acid -PFOA: C7F15CO2-

• Perfluorooctane sulfonate – PFOS C8F17SO3-

Widely used in consumer products (carpets and

fabrics)

Widely used in fire fighting foams

PFOS & PFOA

Perfluorinated Chemicals (PFCs)

• Extremely mobile in aquifers

• Contaminating drinking water wells

• PFOA and PFOS are extremely stable

– C-F bond ~ 9-116 kcal/mole)

• PFOA and PFOS have entered the food chain

– Breast milk, blood, umbilical cord blood, wildlife

• US EPA health advisory threshold : 70 ng/L

Remediation Technologies Attempted

• In situ chemical oxidation

• Bio-augmentation using vault proteins

• PFC-coagulant

• Photochemical approaches

• Electro microfiltration

• Sonochemical decomposition

• Cobalt-60 irradiation

Effect of Nitrate on PFOA Defluorination

20 mg/L

0 mg/L

NO3- (mg/L) Defluorination(%)

Effect of Alkalinity on PFOA Defluorination

100 mg/L

0 mg/L

Alk (mg/L) Defluorination(%)

100 95

Effect of Fulvic Acid on PFOA Defluorination

FA(μg /L) Defluorination(%)

100 72

0 μg/L

100 μg/L

Effect of Dissolved Oxygen on PFOA Defluorination

With dissolved oxygen

Without dissolved oygen

eBeam eliminates toxicity of wastewater

effluent based on V.fischeri test

0 10 15

Dose (kGy)

Toxicity of eBeam processed effluents

Take-Home Messages for eBeam-based Degradation

of Chemical Contaminants

# 1 Electron beam (eBeam) irradiation has been tested to remove bromate and peflurooctanoic acid (PFOA) in synthetic wastewater effluent simulating potable water reuse

# 2 A simple model has been developed for bromate degradation, and a pseudo one-component model has been developed for PFOA defluorination

# 3 eBeam treatment is a viable option to treat reclaimed water if dissolved oxygen levels are controlled and nitrate levels can be modulated

# 4 Transportable eBeam systems are needed to address contaminated groundwater situations

Suresh D. Pillai

s-pillai@tamu.edu

http:// ebeam-tamu.org

979. 458

Electron Beam Treatment for Potable Water Reuse: Removal of … · 2017. 4. 27. · Perfluorinated...

Documents

Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in fish from Wisconsin’s ... › files › PDF › pubs › fh › AdminReports › FH083.pdf · Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) are a group of man-made

Final Meeting Minutes Restoration Advisory Board … · Performance Based Remediation at Former Galena FOL . 3. Perfluorinated Compounds (PFCs) Preliminary Assessment and Site Inspection

University of Groningen Slow microfiltration or slow ... · Slow microfiltration or slow microdialysis to versatile biosampling . Abstract . Microfiltration often referred as ultrafiltration

Perfluorinated Coatings for Paper -- Regulatory Challenges

T2 PFCS Addendum

Microfiltration and Ultrafiltration Systems

Perfluorinated Compounds: An Overview of …giesy/PFCs/Hamburg-presentation-4-30-04.pdfZoology Dept. & National Food Safety and Toxicology Center Michigan State University Perfluorinated

Perfluorochemicals(PFCs) in the East Metro · PFCs in the Environment • PFCs are persistent in the environment • PFCs can be found in • Foodpackaged or processed with PFAS‐containing

Analysis of Perfluorinated Compounds (PFCs) by Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry Jia Wang April 11, 2013

Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in fish PFCs in fish_NJ... · 2016-05-03 · Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in fish: What we learned from EPA probability-based surveys of U.S. urban

Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in fish:

The Cyclodextrin-Perfluorinated Surfactant Host-Guest

Microfiltration - Cryptosporidium Control Application

Geographical Distribution of Perfluorinated Compounds in

Arvanati2014-Post-print-Reductive Degradation of ......3 1. Introduction Perfluorinated Compounds (PFCs) are a new class of Persistent Organic Pollutants. They consist of a hydrophobic

Study on Contamination of Perfluorinated Compounds (PFCs) …repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/... · 2018-08-03 · Study on Contamination of Perfluorinated Compounds

Perfluorinated Chemicals: an emerging concern

Microfiltration and ultrafiltration2

Biomonitoring and Elimination of Perfluorinated Compounds

IPP PFAS Initiative - michigan.gov · What’s in a Name? • PFAS – Per and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances • Also called PFCs for Perfluorinated Compounds • But PFCs can also mean