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V1.0 | 2017-01-01
Christof Ebert, Silke Riegraf, VectorMartin Bobert, Stihl
Effective ReuseFrom consistent requirements to variant management
© 2017. Vector Consulting Services GmbH. All rights reserved. Any distribution or copying is subject to prior written approval by Vector. V1.0 | 2017-01-01
MotivationIntelligent ReuseChange Project
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© 2017. Vector Consulting Services GmbH. All rights reserved. Any distribution or copying is subject to prior written approval by Vector. V1.0 | 2017-01-01
STIHL is a globally leading manufacturer of chain saws and other power tools for professional forestry and agriculture as well as for garden and landscape maintenance, the construction sector and the demanding private user.
Welcome
3
STIHL – the world’s best-selling chain-saw brand since 1971
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© 2017. Vector Consulting Services GmbH. All rights reserved. Any distribution or copying is subject to prior written approval by Vector. V1.0 | 2017-01-01
Welcome
4
SawsLawn mowers
Brushcutters
Hedge trimmers
Garden shredders
Blowers
Cut-off machines
PRODUCT GROUPS >>
WelcomeSTIHL – Products
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© 2017. Vector Consulting Services GmbH. All rights reserved. Any distribution or copying is subject to prior written approval by Vector. V1.0 | 2017-01-01
…supports clients worldwide
…improves product development and product strategy, IT and provides interim management
…is as Vector Group globally present with 1750 employees and well over 400 Mio. € sales
…offers with the Vector Group a portfolio of tools, software components and services
…is growing and thus continuously hiring
www.vector.com/consulting
Vector Consulting ServicesWelcome
Railway
IT & Finance
Automotive
Aerospace
DigitalTransformation
Medical
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© 2017. Vector Consulting Services GmbH. All rights reserved. Any distribution or copying is subject to prior written approval by Vector. V1.0 | 2017-01-01
Business Challenges – Vector Client SurveyMotivation
Cost remains biggest short-term challenge across all industries. Connectivity and Digital Transformation evolved as a major challenge.
Innovative Products
Others
Connectivity
Distributed Development
Efficiencyand Cost
Digital Transformation
Governance and Compliance
ComplexityManagement
Securityand Safety
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
Mid
-ter
m c
halle
nges
Short-term challenges
Vector Client Survey 2017. Details: www.vector.com/trends. Horizontal axis shows short-term challenges; vertical axis shows mid-term challenges. Sum > 100% due to 3 answers per question. Strong validity with >4% response rate of 1500 recipients from different industries worldwide.
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© 2017. Vector Consulting Services GmbH. All rights reserved. Any distribution or copying is subject to prior written approval by Vector. V1.0 | 2017-01-01
MotivationIntelligent ReuseChange Project
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© 2017. Vector Consulting Services GmbH. All rights reserved. Any distribution or copying is subject to prior written approval by Vector. V1.0 | 2017-01-01
Intelligent Reuse: Beyond EngineeringIntelligent Reuse
Strategy Concept EvolutionIntegration, certification
Development
Intelligent Reuse
Opportunistic Reuse
Intelligent Reuse implies a strategic focus across the life-cycle connecting product management, engineering and operations
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© 2017. Vector Consulting Services GmbH. All rights reserved. Any distribution or copying is subject to prior written approval by Vector. V1.0 | 2017-01-01
Four Generic Strategies are PursuedIntelligent Reuse
Platform based products 45%
Same platform with individual modules for customization
Individualized products 15%
High degree of individualization
Standardized products 15%
Standardized products for different markets
Module based products 25%
One module set with different platforms for customization
One Platforms Several
One
Mod
ule
set
sSev
eral
Note: Percentages provide desired usage from current surveys Vector with clients.
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© 2017. Vector Consulting Services GmbH. All rights reserved. Any distribution or copying is subject to prior written approval by Vector. V1.0 | 2017-01-01
PLE for software applications Intelligent Reuse for systems
Software-driven foundations and principles
Need translation to product culture with components and modularization
Savings achieved at software applications with many variants
Savings achieved with focus on testing, documentation, certification
Many strictly defined principles; but often dogmatically applied
PLE methodology needs adjustment to specific context and markets
Handled inside the software teams, often combined with Scrum
Driven by product management, engineering, sales
UML as lingua franca; everything is modeled
Top-down modeling to manage dependencies and variation
Focus on mere software projects and limited scope
Products with long life-cycle and high criticality, e.g. safety, maintainability
Typically applied in rather small software teams
Distributed development with suppliers and collaborative design
Introduction easy within 1 year – for application software
Introduction needs thorough changemanagement
A Practical View on PLE and Intelligent ReuseIntelligent Reuse
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© 2017. Vector Consulting Services GmbH. All rights reserved. Any distribution or copying is subject to prior written approval by Vector. V1.0 | 2017-01-01
Over 50% of reuse programs fail Initial cost savings not
achieved No black box reuse
Reasons Product management and
sales not involved Change is underestimated and
handled ad-hoc Insufficient know-how Inadequate method and tools
Change to Reuse often FailsIntelligent Reuse
Sources: Vector Consulting Services 2012
48%
Internalresistance(e.g., interfaces)
Insufficient know-how
Pressurewithoutownership
Other reasons
22%
17%
13%
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© 2017. Vector Consulting Services GmbH. All rights reserved. Any distribution or copying is subject to prior written approval by Vector. V1.0 | 2017-01-01
MotivationIntelligent ReuseChange Project
Change Project
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© 2017. Vector Consulting Services GmbH. All rights reserved. Any distribution or copying is subject to prior written approval by Vector. V1.0 | 2017-01-01
Complex Systems: Initial Alignment StepsChange Project
StrategyProject 1
concept, bidProject 2
concept, bidIntegration, Validation
Development
Standard FeaturesCore features for all markets which evolve in a single track. Intelligent
variation management for requirements, automatic testing,
documentation, etc.
Evolution OptionsFeatures, which are currently not available
Configurable Features
Features that do not apply in all markets. Variation management
maintained on as-needed base. Test-driven requirements.
Com
pon
ents
Cu
stom
ized
fea
ture
s
Road
map
, Arc
hite
ctur
e, G
over
nanc
eBus
ines
s ca
se:
shor
t-te
rm,
long
-ter
m
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© 2017. Vector Consulting Services GmbH. All rights reserved. Any distribution or copying is subject to prior written approval by Vector. V1.0 | 2017-01-01
Model-based Development from Architecture Design to Series-Production Readiness
Series-Production Use Cases> Requirements Engineering> Function, System and Component
Design> Software & System Design> Network Communication Design> Variant Management> Test Data Management> Change and Release Management> Design of Safety Relevant Systems
Usability and Performance> Many Users> Sporadic Users
Integration > Requested Import and Export Filters
Method and Tool SupportChange Project
Architecture Design
Series-Production Development
Requirements Design Test
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© 2017. Vector Consulting Services GmbH. All rights reserved. Any distribution or copying is subject to prior written approval by Vector. V1.0 | 2017-01-01
Change Project
15
time
Injection 64 KByte
128
64
32
16
8
4
2
1
Cod
e S
ize
[KB
]
Increasing functionality. Increasing code size Much higher effort for testing.
FS100 first digital Igniter2 KByte
MS 280 I 1. Generation Engine management 4 KByte
WelcomeTrend ECUs for Small Combustion Engines
MS441 M‐Tronic 40 KByte
© ANDREAS STIHL AG & Co. KG15/29
© 2017. Vector Consulting Services GmbH. All rights reserved. Any distribution or copying is subject to prior written approval by Vector. V1.0 | 2017-01-01
Change Project
1
Structure Exact description of each single function
Discrete numbering of requirements
Complete parameter list (800 Parameters)
Versioned document with change log and history
Size: ~180 pages
Advantage Completeness with no room for interpretation
Basis for error free implementation
Mapping between RQM and test (full traceability)Autor 2/XXX
Project Manager: 2/YYY Dr. Mustermann
Stihl Project: XXXX STIHL M-Tronic
WelcomeSoftware Specification and Test – Starting point
© ANDREAS STIHL AG & Co. KG16/29
© 2017. Vector Consulting Services GmbH. All rights reserved. Any distribution or copying is subject to prior written approval by Vector. V1.0 | 2017-01-01
Change ProjectWelcomeManaging Software Variants
© ANDREAS STIHL AG & Co. KG
Baseline
Harmonisation
New Project Branch
MS 2
MS 1MS 1
FS 1 Merge
It‘s difficult to manage multiple projects by Word and Excel !
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© 2017. Vector Consulting Services GmbH. All rights reserved. Any distribution or copying is subject to prior written approval by Vector. V1.0 | 2017-01-01
Change Project
1
WelcomeDevelopment process by PREEvision
RQM
SW-specification
Project Specification
(Reuse from other projects)
Check-out models
Check-in models
project start
Found SW-Bugs
Accepted Requirement Amendments Found Specification Errors
Test Scripts according to Test Planning
Project-Specification
Testcase Creeation
Testcase Run Results
Testcasescripts
Software Development Tools
(modelbased SW-development)
CHM
Supplier
Specification
(Automated) Test Stands (HIL)
TDM
Source Control, Software Bug-Tracking
change request
© ANDREAS STIHL AG & Co. KG18/29
© 2017. Vector Consulting Services GmbH. All rights reserved. Any distribution or copying is subject to prior written approval by Vector. V1.0 | 2017-01-01
The baseline contains approved requirements of all variants
New Projects will initially reuse requirements from the baseline
Requirements are structured in packages by functions Custom metric „Create Reuse Of Structure“
Copy complete structure (elements of meta class requirement package) into the projects product line
Create „reuse“ of each requirement in the selected structure
Change ProjectWelcomeReusing existing requirements…
Baseline
Project 1
Project 2
Project 3
Baseline
Resuse in Projects
reuse in different projects from one baseline Implementation in PREEvision
Metric „Create Reuse of Structure“
© ANDREAS STIHL AG & Co. KG19/29
© 2017. Vector Consulting Services GmbH. All rights reserved. Any distribution or copying is subject to prior written approval by Vector. V1.0 | 2017-01-01
Project specific changes require a branch from the baseline
Reused requirements will be detached from baseline thisprocess is implemented via a custom metric
Custom metric „Detach Reuse“ = Branch-Metric
Copies requirement which needs to be branched
Removes the reuse of the baseline requirement
Creates a requirement link between the baseline and the branched requirement (the copy from step 1) and saves the version (# of check-ins) of the baseline in the link description
Change Project
excerpt of the metric‘s Java codeThe reused project after execution of „Detach Reuse“ metric
Welcome…branch…
© ANDREAS STIHL AG & Co. KG20/29
© 2017. Vector Consulting Services GmbH. All rights reserved. Any distribution or copying is subject to prior written approval by Vector. V1.0 | 2017-01-01
Standardization of made requirement changes (in branches) in certain time intervals merge into new version of the baseline
Metric „Merge Branch into original requirement“
Copy branched requirement with all attributes into the according baseline requirement
Delete branch requirement link
Create a reuse of the new version of the baseline requirement in the project
Delete branched requirement
Change ProjectWelcome…and merge
© ANDREAS STIHL AG & Co. KG
Project 3
Project 2
Project 1
Baseline
Standardization
Version 1 Version 2
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© 2017. Vector Consulting Services GmbH. All rights reserved. Any distribution or copying is subject to prior written approval by Vector. V1.0 | 2017-01-01
Implemented report generator for the project data sheets (uses calculation and diagram metrics)
Change Project
project data sheet report generator
Metric„Generate Diagrams“
Metric„Calculate Values“
Schematic structure of project data sheet report generator and screenshots of .pdf export
WelcomeData-based requirement management
© ANDREAS STIHL AG & Co. KG22/29
© 2017. Vector Consulting Services GmbH. All rights reserved. Any distribution or copying is subject to prior written approval by Vector. V1.0 | 2017-01-01
Create and manage Test case specifications (Test Case Description)
Test case implementation (scripts, manual execution steps)
Test run evaluation (test coverage, planning, statistics)
Mapping between test-specifications, requirements and parameters
Change ProjectWelcomeTest Data Management
Connection between RQM and TDM
Requirements Specifications
Implementations
Analysis
Parameters
TDMRQM
© ANDREAS STIHL AG & Co. KG23/29
© 2017. Vector Consulting Services GmbH. All rights reserved. Any distribution or copying is subject to prior written approval by Vector. V1.0 | 2017-01-01
Customizing for TDM
Generate config files for test cases to parameterize scripts of automated test cases for HIL-testing
Implement test case analysis on basis of test cases and whole SW-modules
Calculate degree of maturity based on planned test phases and test case run results
Change Project
Degree of maturity over timeOverview over test case analysis
WelcomeTest Data Management
© ANDREAS STIHL AG & Co. KG24/29
© 2017. Vector Consulting Services GmbH. All rights reserved. Any distribution or copying is subject to prior written approval by Vector. V1.0 | 2017-01-01
Categories Challenges Techniques
Organi-zation
Ownership of assets unclear
Structure does notmatch product needs
Strengthen coherent product strategy and product-driven organization
Optimize product management, engineering and integration organizations
Culture Reluctance to invest for future
Feedback from market to engineering fails
Too much project focus
Commit clear reuse targets, related to market, revenues, cost, technical debt
Create conscious product culture Drive projects from products, not vice versa Perform business case for new features:
short-term vs. long-tern cost/benefitsEngi-neering
Complexity will grow Products needs new
features Too many project-
driven requests will erode architecture and reusability
Install proactive market-driven reuse connected to development, test,documentation, certification
Establish strong change board to judge tradeoffs based on overall business case
Maintain product and components roadmap as master for all changes
Rigorous two-way traceability Establish consistent tool support
Contractorandsupplier
Low incentive for maintaining reuse
Less control
Motivate and reward conformance to product-line specifications
Include source code in supplier agreements
The Need for ChangeChange Project
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© 2017. Vector Consulting Services GmbH. All rights reserved. Any distribution or copying is subject to prior written approval by Vector. V1.0 | 2017-01-01
Strategic Level Align engineering, product management and sales on targets and
implementation approach Perform rigorous reviews on roadmap, change requests, feature
prioritization, market communication, dependency management, etc. Provide a “change map” with timeline, dependencies (people, projects,
markets, platforms) and strategic relevance Establish organization to align stakeholders in product management,
engineering, sales Apply strict governance criteria, namely short-term (cash flow from
projects) vs. long-term (reuse of product)
Deployment Level Start with few components which deliver results Consider activities with high savings potential, e.g., validation, automatic
regression testing, certification, component-based documentation Manage the change process with specific targets, ownership,
communication, periodic reviews, share best practices Update processes and tools along the way
Reuse Project: Strategic Change and DeploymentChange Project
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© 2017. Vector Consulting Services GmbH. All rights reserved. Any distribution or copying is subject to prior written approval by Vector. V1.0 | 2017-01-01
Intelligent reuse helps reducing cost and improving efficiency Modularization with tailored reuse concepts Cost savings levers: automatic regression test, documentation,
certification, feature evolution, service-oriented business models
Success factors Stepwise approach starting with requirements engineering Thorough management buy-in and leadership Strong product management with transparent product strategy Architecture competence and governance
Major risks Unclear responsibilities and lack of ownership Insufficient change management, and thus fallback to the past
ConclusionsChange Project
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© 2017. Vector Consulting Services GmbH. All rights reserved. Any distribution or copying is subject to prior written approval by Vector. V1.0 | 2017-01-01
Further ReadingChange Project
Requirements Engineering
Christof Ebertdpunkt.verlag450 pages5. fully reworked edition 2014Chinese edition, 2013
„The classic for systematically handling requirements. Written by a practitioner for practice – easy to understand and to apply! During a joint project I experienced first hand that the author knows what he talks about."Hans Leibbrand, COO, Thales
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© 2017. Vector Consulting Services GmbH. All rights reserved. Any distribution or copying is subject to prior written approval by Vector. V1.0 | 2017-01-01
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Vector Consulting Services
Phone +49 711 80670-0 www.vector.com/consultingFax +49 711 80670-444 consulting-info@vector.com
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