View
220
Download
0
Category
Tags:
Preview:
Citation preview
Effect of Sport Nutrition Education in High School Students from Low-Income
Communities
Jeffrey C. Little, MS, RD
Stella L. Volpe, PhD, RD, FACSMDepartment of Nutrition
Outline
Introduction Literature Review Statement of the Problem Significance of the Study Purpose of the Study
Outline
Study Design Statistical Analyses Results Conclusion Future Research Implications
Adolescent Nutrition
Nutritional requirements during adolescence
Changes in eating habits during adolescence
(Mitchell, Nutrition Across the Life Span, Philadelphia, PA. W.B. Saunders, 1997)
Adolescent Nutrition
Factors effecting adolescent food choices Perceived body image Social & cultural differences Eating under time constraints Lack of family guidance Peer pressure Mass media Nutrition education
(Mitchell, Nutrition Across the Life Span, Philadelphia, PA. W.B. Saunders, 1997)
Nutrition Knowledge Douglas & Douglas, 1984
940 high school student-athletes in Connecticut 48-question survey
Mean score 26.4 (55%)
Emphasized the need for further nutrition
education in adolescents
(JADA, 84(10): 1198-1202, 1984)
Nutrition Knowledge
Skinner & Woodburn, 1984 1,193 high school adolescents in Oregon
Mean correct score of 39.4% Reported a general lack of nutrition
knowledge in these students
(JOSH, 54: 71-74, 1984)
Nutrition Knowledge
Perry-Hunnicut & Newman, 1993 3,632 8th and 10th grade high school students
throughout the United States National Adolescent Student Health Survey
13-item questionnaire Mean score of 6.1 and 6.5 for males and females,
respectively High school students do not posses
appropriate nutrition knowledge
Nutrition Status in Communities of Low-Income
Dietary Quality Healthy Eating Index (HEI)
10 Components of a healthy diet Positive relationship with level of education
and income African-Americans score lowest
(Family Economics & Nutrition Review, 12(2): 39-43, 1999)
Nutrition Status in Communities of Low-Income
Food Insufficiency NHANES III (1988 – 1994)
Insufficiency prevalence rate of 4.1% Poverty status
In 1994, 38 million Americans at or below the poverty level
(Alaimo et al., AJPH, 88(3): 419-426, 1998)
Nutrition Status in Communities of Low-Income
Educational Differences Disproportionate balance of educational
resources Budget restraints Lower enrollment rates Increased drop out rates
Nutrition Intervention in Communities of Low-Income
Hartman et al. (1997) Intervention study on 134 low-literacy, adult
participants (EFNEP) in Twin Cities Low-fat eating patterns Pre- and Post-test questionnaire 10 educational sessions
Results indicate the effectiveness of producing statistically significant, intervention-related behavior changes in low-income adults
Nutrition Knowledge of Adolescents in Communities of Low-Income
Thakur & D’Amico (1999) 20-question survey to 292 high school
students in 3 separate Philadelphia schools Schools 1 and 2 lower to middle SES School 3 predominately middle SES
Examined nutrition knowledge, food preferences, and food-related behaviors towards obesity
Nutrition Knowledge of Adolescents in Communities of Low-Income
Results indicated an overall poor level of nutrition knowledge
Significant differences by SES in Identifying energy requirements Identifying high-fat foods Recommended servings for fruit and
vegetables
(Family Medicine, 31: 122-127, 1999)
Nutrition Knowledge of Adolescents in Communities of Low-Income
Beech et al., 1999 22-question nutrition knowledge survey in
the New Orleans area 2,213 high school students
Mean overall correct score was 39%
Significant ethnic differences (p < 0.001) Overall low scores consistent with
previous studies indicating a general lack of nutrition knowledge among adolescents
(JOAH, 24: 244-250, 1999)
Sport Supplements
Popular within society Billion dollar industry
Use among adolescents is increasing Few studies conducted regarding
knowledge of sport supplements among adolescents
(Levin, AOIM, 131(3): 161-164, 1999)
Adolescent Supplement Knowledge
Krowchuck et al., 1989 Survey of 295 high school student-
athletes in the greater Cleveland area use and attitudes towards nutrition
supplements Students require appropriate
information on the efficacy and risks involved with sport supplements
(Sports Medicine, 143: 486-489, 1989)
Adolescent Supplement Knowledge
Massad et al., 1995 Supplement knowledge in Indiana high school
students (n = 507) Mean score out of 21
13.3 (62.5%) for males (n = 302) 14.2 (67.1%) for females (n = 205)
Low scores indicate a need for additional sport supplement education in high school students
(IJSN, 5: 232-245, 1995)
Nutrition and Supplement Knowledge of Adolescents in Low-income Communities
Adolescents in low-income communities receive less educational resources and
support limited assessment of nutrition
knowledge no research conducted on sport
supplement knowledge
(Armstrong & Welsman, Young People & Physical Activity, Oxford: Oxford University Press,1997)
Statement of the Problem
Adolescents who are not properly educated in nutrition will make less healthy choices and their diets may be compromised
In doing so, they may begin to form poor eating habits which can result in chronic disease when they become adults
Statement of the Problem
Sport supplement knowledge of adolescents is insufficient and education is limited to higher income communities
Statement of the Problem
Adolescents who are limited in their basic nutrition knowledge do not possess the ability to decipher which supplements are appropriate to consume, which may be potentially harmful, and which can be easily attained through their diet
Significance of the Study
Only study to date that has assessed the use of sport supplements in a low-income community
First study to assess sport supplement knowledge after educational intervention
Significance of the Study
Will provide these adolescents who may be susceptible to inappropriate outside sources of nutrition and sport supplement information, with the most up-to-date information on the efficacy and risks associated with the use of sport supplements
Significance of the Study
Provide adolescents from a low-income community with necessary information to enhance their growth and development through proper nutrition
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of a sport nutrition education curricula on the sport nutrition knowledge of high school students in a low-income community
Study Design
Included 50 subjects from a high school in a low-income community North Star Academy (NSA) 50% of entire student body enrolled in
National School Lunch Program Students were assigned to either
experimental or control group According to NSA class schedule Investigator attempted an even distribution
Methodology
Week OnePre-Test
Questionnaire
Week Two
Session 1
Week Three
Session 2
Week Four
Session 3
Week Five
Session 4
Week Six
Session 5
Week SevenPost-Test
Questionnaire
Methodology
Questionnaire Validated by Massad and Shier (1993)
Internal consistency r = 0.78 Permission for use granted by Massad et
al. (1995) Updated with 7 additional questions by
present investigator
Methodology
5 Educational lessons Carbohydrates, Fats, & Proteins Vitamins, Minerals & Water Protein Supplements & Creatine
Monohydrate Fat-Burning Supplements Steroid-Alternative Supplements
Statistical Analyses
Post-hoc power estimationPower Sample Size*
86% 30
94% 40
98% 50
*Actual sample size was 39
Statistical Analyses
Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance SPSS version 10.0, SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL p-value was set a priori at 0.05 Any questions where > 80% of the
students scored correctly at pre-test were not included in analyses
Statistical Analyses
Two-tailed paired T-test Chi-square analyses
Mean differences pre- to pos-test Gender High school class level
Recommended