Educational Technology 1900 - 2010

EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY1900 - 2010

Toffler’s Three Wave Theory

8000 BC - 1800

Wave 1 – Agricultural Phase

(Toffler, 1980)

1800 - 1960

Wave 2 - Industrial Phase(Toffler, 1980)

1960 - Present

Wave 3 – Information Phase

(Toffler, 1980)

KEY TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES AND

INNOVATIONS

1900 - 1909 First modern visual instruction

monograph (Saettler, 2004) The first portable projector, also know as

the Animatograph (Saettler, 2004)

1910 - 1919 A series of historical films that covered

important phases of the American Revolution titled “Minute Men” was released (Saettler, 2004)

The first educational film library in a school system was established by the Chicago Bureau of Visual Instruction (Saettler, 2004)

1920 – 1929 One of the first national schools of the air

began, sponsored by NBC (Saettler, 2004) The first comprehensive series of

educational silent films is produced by Eastman Kodak Company (Saettler, 2004)

1930 - 1939 Films that correlated with school

curriculum were produced, called “The Movietone School Series” (Saettler, 2004)

Electron microscope is invented (http://inventors.about.com/od/timelines/a/twentieth_4.htm)

1940 - 1949 First training film was delivered to assist

in war efforts (Saettler, 2004) Textfilms are introduced by McGraw – Hill

book company (Saettler, 2004)

1950 - 1959 The first modem is invented, the Bell 103

by AT&T The microchip is invented

(http://inventors.about.com/od/timelines/a/modern.htm)

1960 - 1969 The first handheld calculator is invented The first internet, called ARPAnet, is

invented (http://inventors.about.com/od/timelines/a/modern_2.htm)

1970 – 1979 Faggin, Hoff, and Mazor invent the

microprocessor for Intel WordStar, the first commercially word

processing software program produced for microcomputers is released (http://inventors.about.com/od/timelines/a/modern_3.htm)

1980 - 1989 The STM, or Scanning Tunneling

Microscope, is invented Microsoft invents the Windows program

(http://inventors.about.com/od/timelines/a/modern_3.htm)

1990 - 1999 Tim Berners-Lee creates the World Wide

Web and internet protocol The Pentium processor debuts

(http://inventors.about.com/od/timelines/a/modern_5.htm)

2000 - 2009 The iPod is introduced by Apple

Computers YouTube is invented

(http://inventors.about.com/od/timelines/a/ModernInvention.htm)

Nature of Work: Businesses and Corporations

1900 - 1909 Mass Production: Prices of goods were at

a much lower cost due to mass production by businesses

The philosophy of this decade was to produce products as quickly as possible (http://kclibrary.lonestar.edu/decade00.html)

1910 - 1919 During this decade, the number of

supervisory personnel grew by 66% (http://www.enotes.com/1910-business-economy-american-decades)

The philosophy of the 1910’s was to industrialize the country and, like the 1900’s, produce products quickly (http://kclibrary.lonestar.edu/decade10.html)

1920 - 1929 The philosophy of this decade for

businesses was to simply meet the demands of the consumer.

Due to the fact that the war had set a precedent for further involvement later, businesses were much easier to sustain. (http://www.sagehistory.net/twenties/Twenties.htm)

1930 - 1939 Due to the Great Depression, the average

failure rate for businesses grew to 127 per 10,000 businesses

The mission of businesses during this time was to survive until the economy picked up (http://ingrimayne.com/econ/EconomicCatastrophe/GreatDepression.html)

1940 - 1949 Businesses and government worked to

build markets and profitable trade overseas

Labor unions and close collaboration with government produced an unwavering domestic climate for businesses (http://www.bookrags.com/history/america-1940s-business-and-the-economy/)

1950 - 1959 Steadily increasing during the decade,

American exports reached all-time highs American made products were in high

demand and reliable (http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3468301795.html)

1960 - 1969 "It was a good time to be in business in

the United States, an era when American efficiency and entrepreneurship were the wonder of the world.“ Joseph Pratt and Louis Galambos

During the 1960s, big businesses dominated the domestic economy (http://www.novelguide.com/a/discover/adec_0001_0007_0/adec_0001_0007_0_02205.html)

1970 - 1979 Inflation was increased due to the effects

of the Vietnam War and President Johnson’s Great Society programs

People were disappointed when the increased federal involvement in the economy did not have positive effects (http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3468302597.html)

1980 - 1989 Agricultural exports declined and farmers

were hit hard In the beginning of this decade, the

nation endured a deep recession (http://economics.about.com/od/useconomichistory/a/economy_1980s.htm)

1990 - 1999 Beginning in the mid-1990s, the U.S.

experienced an exceptional expansion in economic production

Some analysts believed that a change in the economic structure of the United States had created a state of secure growth and low unemployment and an opening to essentially change the economy (http://edq.sagepub.com/cgi/reprint/21/4/354)

2000 - 2009 The economy has entered a recession The unemployment rate is the highest it

has been in years Teamwork is an essential quality in most

employees

Educational Theories of Learning and

Instruction

1900 - 1909

Dewey’s Reflective Methodof Instruction (Saettler, 2004)

Pavlov’s Classical Conditioning (http://hagar.up.ac.za/catts/learner/smarks/Learning_theory_timeline.html)

1910 - 1919

Gestalt Phsychology(http://hagar.up.ac.za/catts/learner/smarks/Learning_theory_timeline.html)

Burk’s IndividualizedInstruction (Saettler, 2004)

1920 - 1929

Lewin’s Field Study &a Science of Instruction(Saettler, 2004)

Piaget’s Genetic Epistomology(http://hagar.up.ac.za/catts/learner/smarks/

Learning_theory_timeline.html)

1930 - 1939

Skinner’s Operant Conditioning (Saettler, 2004)

Guthrie’s Contiguity Theory (http://hagar.up.ac.za/catts/learner/smarks/Learning_theory_timeline.html)

1940 - 1949

Hull’s Drive ReductionTheory

Sutherland’s Theory ofDifferential Association(http://hagar.up.ac.za/catts/learner/smarks/Learning_theory_timeline.html)

1950 - 1959

Miller’s InformationProcessing Theory

Estes’ Statistical Learning Theory (http://hagar.up.ac.za/catts/learner/smarks/Learning_theory_timeline.html)

1960 - 1969

Bruner’s Discovery Learning

Freire’s Pedagogyof the Oppressed(http://hagar.up.ac.za/catts/learner/smarks/Learning_theory_timeline.html)

1970 - 1979

DeBono’s Lateral Thinking

Bransford’s Transfer-Appropriate Processing(http://hagar.up.ac.za/catts/learner/smarks/Learning_theory_timeline.html)

1980 - 1989

Habermas’ Critical Communication Theory

Feuerstein’s InstrumentalEnrichment(http://hagar.up.ac.za/catts/learner/smarks/Learning_theory_timeline.html)

1990 - 1999

Lave’s SituatedLearning

Paivio’s Dual CodingTheory(http://hagar.up.ac.za/catts/learner/smarks/Learning_theory_timeline.html)

2000 - 2009

Nature of Society and Culture: Key Events that Determined the Thinking

of the Decade

1900 - 1909 Gas powered automobiles are introduced

(http://www.kyrene.k12.az.us/schools/brisas/sunda/decade/1900.htm)

Coal Strike (http://www.mountaintimes.com/history/1910s/world.php3)

1910 - 1919

The Armistice is signed, ending the Great War

A flu outbreak kills over 500,000 in the

U.S.(http://www.mountaintimes.com/history/1911s/world.php3)

1920 - 1929 The Stock Market crashes and the Great

Depression begins Scopes Monkey Trial

(http://www.albany.edu/faculty/jjpowers/risp361/projects/F_Viau_Jim/Laws.htm)

1930 - 1939 The Great Depression is full blown

19th Amendment gives women the right to vote(http://www.mountaintimes.com/history/1920s/world.php3)

1940 - 1949 Germany and Italy declare war on the

U.S. after the bombing of Pearl Harbor (http://www.mountaintimes.com/history/1940s/world.php3)

Commercial television became available to the public with thirteen stations(http://kclibrary.lonestar.edu/decade40.html)

1950 - 1959 President Eisenhower uses federal troops

to desegregate schools in Arkansas(http://www.mountaintimes.com/history/1950s/world.php3)

Civil Rights Movement began (http://newestwear.com/blog/?p=16)

1960 - 1969 President Kennedy was assassinated Engel vs. Vital determined that prayer in

school is unconstitutional Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. gave his

infamous “I Have a Dream Speech” and was assassinated in this decade (http://newestwear.com/blog/?p=16)

1970 - 1979 The Vietnam War ends (

http://newestwear.com/blog/?p=16)

Watergate Scandal (http://www.mountaintimes.com/history/1970s/world.php3)

1980 - 1989 Computers are starting to be used in

every office, school, and some homes (http://newestwear.com/blog/?p=16)

“Black Monday” occurs in which the Dow Jones drops 23% in one day(http://www.mountaintimes.com/history/1980s/world.php3)

1990 - 1999 World Wide Web is introduced and many

begin using the Internet The Gulf War (http://newestwear.com/blog/?p=6)

2000 - 2009 Barak Obama is elected as the first

African – American President Terrorists attacked the Twin Towers

Entertainment

1900 - 1909 Vaudeville Shows Family get-togethers and picnics Afternoon drives Baseball Barbershop Quartets

(http://kclibrary.lonestar.edu/decade00.html)

1910 - 1919 Movies and plays were extremely popular Teens enjoyed a type of dance called

vamping Ballroom dancing Oijua board was popular

(http://kclibrary.lonestar.edu/decade10.html)

1920 - 1929 Endurance races gained popularity Dance marathons became popular Movies became big, with the first talking

pictures (http://kclibrary.lonestar.edu/decade20.html)

1930 - 1939

Movies were popular Board and parlor games Many read mystery novels People gathered around radios Young people danced to big bands

(http://kclibrary.lonestar.edu/decade30.html)

1940 - 1949 The Office of War declared movies

essential for morale and propaganda; movies were as popular as ever

The Jitterbug was made popular Basketball was popular

(http://kclibrary.lonestar.edu/decade40.html)

1950 - 1959 As television became more popular,

many began following college football on television

Drive-In movies became popular Rock & Roll

(http://kclibrary.lonestar.edu/decade50.html)

1960 - 1969

Skateboards Barbie dolls Television Listening to music on radios Watching musicals

(http://kclibrary.lonestar.edu/decade60.html)

1970 - 1979

The Twist became a popular dance Television was popular as color was

introduced As disco clubs were coming to an

end, chic clubs were opening (http://kclibrary.lonestar.edu/decade70.html)

1980 - 1989 Many Americans began using pc’s Team sports for kids were on the rise Cable was born and with it, MTV The following types of music became

popular: pop, rock, new wave, punk, country, and especially hip hop (http://kclibrary.lonestar.edu/decade80.html)

1990 - 1999 Many began surfing the Internet Audio books allowed people to listen to a

book 98% of households had a television Video games Tae-bo (http://kclibrary.lonestar.edu/decade90.html)

2000 - 2009 Movies and television Social networking iPods Wii and other gaming systems

Resources Saettler, P. (2004) The Evolution of

American Educational Technology. Greenwich, CN: Information Age Publishing Inc.

Toffler, A. (1980). The Third Wave. New York,

NY: Bantam Books.

**Many other sources were used for the completion of this presentation. They are presented within the presentation.