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Economic Instruments. High level seminar Brussels, 19th March 2013 Michel Sponar, European Commission, DG Environment. Economic Instruments. Lessons learnt from most advanced Member States: without economic instruments nearly impossible to meet most of EU targets - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Economic Instruments
High level seminar Brussels, 19th March 2013
Michel Sponar, European Commission, DG Environment
Economic Instruments
Lessons learnt from most advanced Member States: without economic instruments nearly impossible to
meet most of EU targets •Waste disposal & treatment fees/bans (landfill & incineration)•Pay-as-you-throw (PAYT) schemes•Producer responsibility schemes •Incentives for Municipalities•Use of Regional funds
Landfill cost vs Landfill rates
Landfill cost vs Landfill rates
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
AustriaLandfill tax rate (€)
MSW landfilled (% ofMSW generated)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
EstoniaLandfill tax rate (€)
MSW landfilled (% ofMSW generated)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
FranceLandfill tax rate (€)
MSW landfilled (% ofMSW generated)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
SwedenLandfill tax rate (€)
MSW landfilled (% ofMSW generated)
Incineration taxes vs Recycling
Disposal taxes/bans
Main barriers • Illegal landfilling • Opposition of municipalities• Affordability
Elements of answers • Eradication of illegal landfilling • Progressive/transparent approach • Bans, MBT and Incineration taxes to be
considered in a later stage • Revenues sent back to municipalities
PAYT schemes
Source: U. Gianolio, Erica 2011
PAYT schemes Main barriers
• Illegal landfilling/burning • Acceptability/Absence of incentives
(municipalities) Elements of answers
• Information campaigns + inspection/repression • Develop enough alternative (separate
collection/prevention) • Reduce, delete general tax on waste • Territorial consistency • Incentives for municipalities
Biowaste
(~37%)
~ 5/600 kg/inhabitant
Municipal waste and Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) schemes
Furniture (~3,5´%)
Packaging (~25%)
Textile (~2,5%)
Paper (~15%)
WEEE (~3%)
Other waste (~7%)
Potential: around 40 to 60% of waste generatedSource: Bio Intelligence, on-going study
Other waste (~7%)
Product stream Number of EPR schemes
in place in EU-27 and Croatia
WEEE 26Packaging 25
ELVs 25Batteries 27
Tyres 20Graphic paper 11
Oils 10Medical waste, old/unused
medicines10
Agricultural films 8Additional product streams covered by EPR schemes
Schemes identified in less than 5 MS
Fluorinated refrigerant fluids; pharmaceuticals; lubricants; textiles; infectious healthcare waste; furniture;
dispersed hazardous waste; plant protection product packaging and unused products; fertiliser and soil amendment packaging; seed and plant packaging; mobile homes; office equipment ink
cartridges; window panes; waste containing asbestos; disposable plastic kitchenware; photo-chemicals; plastic
foils; expanded polystyrene
Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) schemes in the EU-27 and Croatia
Source: Bio Intelligence, on-going study
Producer Responsibility
0
200 000 000
400 000 000
600 000 000
800 000 000
1 000 000 000
1 200 000 000
1 400 000 000
1 600 000 000
19921993 19941995 19961997 1998 19992000 20012002 20032004 20052006 20072008 2009 20102011 20122013 20142015
Total amount collected - EPR schemes in France
Source: Ademe 2011
Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR)
Recent studies have shown that:
1. EPR schemes have allowed to fund required operations to meet high recycling/recovery targets;
2. Large differences between MS in terms of:• Waste streams covered;• Cost efficiency of the systems; • Control of the systems;• Role of municipalities/producers
Extended Producer Responsibility
Main barriers • Lack of transparency and public control• Lack of experience • Unclear relations with municipalities
Elements of answers • Clear laws defining responsibilities along the
whole chain (dialog)• Public control – ensure transparency• Expand to other waste streams • Consider alternatives (deposit schemes for
instance)
Conclusion - Next Steps
1. Additional study on Producer Responsibility – end 2013 Guidance document + OECD study
2. Ex-ante conditionality EU Funds (period 2014-2020)
3. Opportunity for new requirements - Waste Framework Directive review
4. Country Specific Recommendations
Thank you for your attention !
More information:
Resource Efficiency: http://ec.europa.eu/resource-efficient-europe/index_en.htm Study/Press Release on Economic Instruments: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/use.htm Country Specific Recommendations 2011: http://ec.europa.eu/europe2020/making-it-happen/country-specific-recommendations/index_en.htm
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