Economic Evaluation – Direct Impacts 7 - Economic...Economic Evaluation – Direct Impacts...

 KENTUCKY STATEWIDE AVIATION SYSTEM PLAN

7-1

7 Economic Evaluation – Direct Impacts

Aviationisanintegralpartoftheworld’seconomy.Countrieswithrobustairtransportationsystemsbenefitfromtheefficienciesthatairtravelprovides.ThesameistrueintheU.S.atthestateandregionallevel–airportsandthelinkagestheyprovidehelptodriveeconomiesinthosestates.TheCommonwealthofKentucky’ssystemof59publicly‐owned,public‐useairportsareessentialtothestate’stransportationandeconomicinfrastructure,supportingitsdiversifiedindustriesincluding,butnotlimitedto,manufacturing,distribution,aerospacetechnology,agriculture,healthcare,andthoroughbredhorseracing.AirportsconnecttheCommonwealth’scitizensandbusinessestotherestofthestate,ournation,andtheglobaleconomy,andserveasanimportantlinkforalmosteveryKentuckian,regardlessofwheretheylive.Airportsarethe“frontdoor”tocommunitiesandprovidecompaniesefficientaccesstotheiremployeesandfacilities.AirportsalsoprovideagatewayforvisitorsandtouriststotheAppalachianMountains,horseparksandhorsefarms,world‐classgolfcourses,andthehundredsofhistoric,recreational,andeducationalsitesincommunitiesthroughoutthestate.

Kentucky’sairportsareamajorcatalysttothestate’sgrowingeconomy.Inordertobetterunderstandtheeconomicbenefitofairportsstatewide,theKentuckyTransportationCabinetDepartmentofAviation(KDA)completedthiseconomicevaluationtoquantifytheon‐airportactivitiesfoundatsystemairports.Itisimportanttonotethatunlikeafulleconomicimpactanalysis,thissectionoftheSystemPlanonlyestimatestheon‐airportemploymentandpayrollgeneratedbyKentucky’sairportsandtheirbusinessandgovernmenttenants.Novisitor,multiplier,oron‐airportconstructionimpactswereincluded.Morespecifically,onlytheemploymentandpayrollimpactsdirectlysupportedbyairportmanagementandaviation‐relatedbusinessesandpublicsectortenantslocatedattheairportswereconsidered.Directeconomicactivity(output)impactswerenotcalculated.TheevaluationdidnotestimatethespendinggeneratedbyvisitorsarrivingintheCommonwealthoncommercialserviceorgeneralaviationaircraft.Nordidtheevaluationestimatetherippleeffectsassociatedwiththere‐spendingofdirectimpactswithintheCommonwealth’seconomy.Itshouldbenotedthatifon‐airportconstructionimpacts,visitorimpacts,andmultiplierimpactswereincludedinthisevaluation,theeconomicimpactsofthestate’sairportsystemwouldbesignificantlylargerthanwhatisreportedinthischapter.TheKYTCisconsideringafollow‐onstudytocalculatethecompleteeconomicimpactoftheCommonwealth’sairportsystem.

Methodology ThisanalysisfollowsaprovenFederalAviationAdministration(FAA)approvedmethodologyofdatacollectionandestimatingimpactsthathasbeenusedthroughoutthecountry.Thedirecteconomicimpactisquantifiedintermsofemploymentandpayroll.Whenacompleteeconomicimpactstudyiscompleted,outputwillalsobeestimated.Outputrepresentsspendingoreconomicactivityandaccountsforthevalueofaviation‐relatedactivitiesoccurringonthestudyairports.

Inafullairporteconomicimpactstudy,theeconomicimpactsoftheairportsarecalculatedusinganinput‐outputmodelingprocess,wherethemodelaccountsfortherelationshipofproductioninputsamongvariousindustrysegmentswhenmodelingtheoutputsofthoseindustries.Theinput‐outputmodeldescribesthreetypesofimpacts,eachofwhichareestimatedseparately:directimpacts(inputstotheeconomicmodel),multiplierimpacts(outputoftheeconomicmodel),andtotalimpacts.Asexplainedpreviously,however,forthisanalysistheKDAdesiredtoestimateonlythedirectimpactsoftheKentuckyairportsystem.Therefore,onlytheinputportionoftheinput‐outputmodelingprocess,theestimationofdirectimpacts,wasemployedinthisstudy.

Economic Evaluation – Direct Impacts

 KENTUCKY STATEWIDE AVIATION SYSTEM PLAN

7-2

Directimpactsoriginatefromon‐airportactivityandaccountfortheinitialpointwheremoneyfirststartscirculatingintheeconomy.On‐airportactivityincludesthebenefitsassociatedwithbusinessesandgovernmentagencieslocatedattheairportdirectlyrelatedtotheprovisionofaviationservices.Thesebusinessesincludefixedbaseoperators(FBOs),flightschools,airlines,andaircraftrepairfacilitiesandpublicsectortenantssuchasairportmanagement,theFAA,lawenforcementaviationunits,andtheTransportationSecurityAdministration(TSA).

Impactscalculatedinclude:

Employment–Employmentisbasedonthetotaloffull‐timejobspluspart‐timejobs.Inthisanalysis,twopart‐timepositionsaretheequivalentofasinglefull‐timeposition.

Payroll–Payrollrepresentstheannualsalary,wages,andbenefitspaidtoallemployees.

Surveys,DataCollectionMethods,andAssumptionsAspreviouslynoted,anextensivedatacollectioneffortwasundertakentogatherinformationforthesystemplan.Thisincludeddatanecessarytoestimateemploymentandpayrollimpacts.Dataforon‐airportactivitywascollected,whichincludesairporttenantsthatarebusinesseswithemployees,suchasairlines,FBOs,flightschools,concessionaires,corporateflightdepartments,andaircraftmaintenanceproviders.Alsoincludedinthisgrouparegovernmentalagencies,suchaspublicairportsponsors,airtrafficcontrollers,otherFAAunits,theTSA,aswellasvariousotherlocal,state,andfederalagencies.

Themethodsusedtogatherinformationfromthesegroupsarediscussedintheensuingsection,alongwiththeassumptionsneededtoarriveatemploymentandpayrollimpacts.

On‐AirportActivityAirportsponsorsandmanagerswerecontactedviaasurveytoprovidenames,mailingaddresses,e‐mailaddresses,andtelephonenumbersforeachon‐airportbusinessandpublicsectortenant.Allairporttenantshavingaviation‐relatedemployeesonKentuckyairportsduring2015werecontactedtocollectinformationregardingtheireconomicactivity.SincethepurposeofthisanalysiswastomeasuretheemploymentandpayrollimpactsofeachKentuckyairportandtheactivitythatreliedontheairport,adistinctionwasmadebetweenthoseon‐airporttenantsthatdependedontheairportandthosethatdidnot.Forexample,atenantfarmerlocatedonanairportwouldnotbedesignatedasaviation‐relatedsincefarmingisnotairportrelated.Asurveywasprovidedtoeachaviation‐relatedtenantandfollow‐upcallsande‐mailsweremadetoobtainresponsesandtoverifyinformationonreturnedsurveys.Airporttenantsateachairportweregroupedinto28categoriestoaidinanalysis.Thesecategoriesconsistedof:

Aerialapplicators Airambulances Aircargo Aircraftmaintenance(piston) Aircraftmaintenance(turbine) Airlines(passengeronly) Airportmanagement(commercialservice) Airportmanagement(generalaviation)

Economic Evaluation – Direct Impacts

 KENTUCKY STATEWIDE AVIATION SYSTEM PLAN

7-3

Airportmanagement(generalaviationwiththreeorlessfull‐timeemployees) Airtrafficcontrol(public,i.e.,FAA) Airtrafficcontrol(private) Charter Concessions(commercialserviceairports) Concessions(generalaviationairports) Corporateflightdepartments FBOs(fiveorlessfull‐timeemployees) FBOs(large) Federalgovernment(notincludingairtrafficcontrolorTSA) Flightinstruction Flightinstruction(professional) Groundtransportation Hangarrentalanddevelopment Military Nonprofit Parking RentalCar Stateandlocalgovernment TSA

Thesurveysenttoeachairporttenant,includingairportsponsorsandmanagers,requestedthefollowinginformation:

Typeofaviationactivityconductedbythetenant Numberoffull‐time,part‐time,andseasonalemployeesin2015 Estimatedtotalannualwagesandbenefitspaidtoemployeesin2015 Variousotherbusiness‐relateddata

Ahighresponseratewasdesiredfortheairportmanagementandtenantsurveys.Severalroundsoffollow‐upcallsande‐mailswerethereforemadetonon‐respondingentitiesandairportmanagerstoobtainthegreatestresponseratepossibleforon‐airportemployment.Forairporttenantswhodidnotprovidecompleteinformationonpayrollexpenditures,estimatesweredevelopedusingratiosofpayroll.Theseratiosweredevelopedfromsurveydataobtainedfromthosetenantsandbusinessesthatdidrespondtothesurvey.ForthosecategoriesoftenantsthatdidnothavesufficientKentuckydatatoprovidereliableaverages,additionaldatawasusedfromtheconsultant’sin‐housedatabasecompiledfromairporteconomicimpactstudiesconductedthroughouttheUS.

Employment and Payroll Impacts for Kentucky Airports Kentucky’sairportsaresignificantgeneratorsofjobsandpayroll.Thissectionpresentsthedirectemploymentandannualpayrollsupportedbyon‐airportactivityatKentucky’s59public‐useairports.Itisimportanttonotethattheseimpactsdonotincludecommercialserviceorgeneralaviationvisitorimpactsormultiplierimpacts.

EmploymentImpactsThisanalysisfoundthatairportsinKentuckyareanimportantsourceofjobs.Employment,asdefinedinthisanalysis,isbasedonfull‐timeequivalent(FTE)jobs,whichisasumoffull‐timejobsandpart‐timejobs.Inthisanalysis,twopart‐timepositionsaretheequivalentofonesinglefull‐

Economic Evaluation – Direct Impacts

 KENTUCKY STATEWIDE AVIATION SYSTEM PLAN

7-4

timeposition.Employmentimpactswerecalculatedforon‐airportactivity.On‐airportactivityincludesprivatebusinessesandgovernmentorganizations.

PayrollImpactsThesalaries,wages,andbenefitspaidtotheemployeesdescribedaboveresultinasignificantannualpayrollbenefittotheKentuckyeconomy.Estimatesofthepayrollimpactsrelatedtothepreviouslyidentifiedemploymentimpactsassociatedwithon‐airportbusinessesandtheiractivitiesaredetailedinconjunctionwithemploymentimpactsbelow.

StatewideEmploymentandPayrollfromOn‐AirportActivityKentucky’son‐airportactivitycreate792jobsatgeneralaviationairportsand22,600jobsatcommercialserviceairports,foratotalof23,392FTEpositions.Themajorityoftheseon‐airportjobsarerelatedtoKentucky’scommercialserviceairlines(includingUPSandDHLaircargohubactivity).Theon‐airportpayrollassociatedwiththesejobsisover$49.1millionatgeneralaviationairportsandapproximately$1.39billionatcommercialserviceairports;atotalofover$1.4billion.Thesejobsandtheassociatedpayarenotevenlydistributedacrosson‐airportbusinesstypes.

MajorEmployersThethreelargestsingleemployersatKentuckyairportsareUPS,DHL,andtheKentuckyAirNationalGuard.UPS’WorldportHubatLouisvilleInternationalemploysnearly10,000withanestimatedpayrollofover$682million,whileDHLemploysover2,700withanestimatedpayrollofover$192millionatitsNorthAmericanHubatCincinnati/NorthernKentuckyInternational.ThepresenceoftheseaircargohubsinKentuckyareatestamenttoKentucky’sideallocationforlogisticsanddistribution,as75percentoftheU.S.populationiswithinatwo‐hourflightofLouisville,andafour‐hourflightallowsforaccessto95percentoftheU.S.population.ThesteadyincreaseintonnagethroughputattheseKentuckyaircargohubs,coupledwiththesignificantgrowthine‐commercedistributionfacilitiessurroundingtheseairportsmeansthattheaircargoindustrywillcontinuetobeamajorsourceofjobsandeconomicgrowthforKentuckywellintothefuture.

Economic Evaluation – Direct Impacts

 KENTUCKY STATEWIDE AVIATION SYSTEM PLAN

7-5

TheKentuckyAirNationalGuard’s123rdAirliftWing,locatedatLouisvilleInternational,employsover815withanassociatedpayrollofover$64million.EquippedwitheightC‐130Herculesaircraft,theKentuckyAirNationalGuard’s123rdAirliftWingmissionistoprovideworldwidetheaterairliftforU.S.militaryandhumanitarianoperations.Afterthesethree,thereisasignificantdropofftothenextlargestairportemployers,whichincludeairlines,terminalconcessionaires,TSA,rentalcaroperators,andairportstaffing.Thelargestnon‐governmentormilitarybusinessonageneralaviationairportisSummitAviationatLakeCumberlandRegional,with40on‐airportemployeesaccountingforanestimatedpayrollofover$1.8million.

ImpactsRelatedtoUniqueAspectsofAviationinKentuckyAshighlightedinChapter5ofthisstudy,thereareseveraluniqueaspectsofaviationinKentucky:aviationeducation,agriculturalactivity,andaviationinmedicalcare.Theseaviationaspectsrepresentimportantservicesthathavepresencesbothonandoff‐airport,buteachpositivelyimpactKentuckyaviationinsomeway.

Aviationeducationalopportunitiesareavailableattheuniversity‐levelthroughprogramsatEasternKentuckyUniversity,UniversityofKentucky,andMoreheadStateUniversity,while37Kentuckyhighschoolsofferaviationcoursesoradedicatedaerospacecurriculum.YoutheducationprogramsareavailablethroughtheAviationMuseumofKentucky’scampsatBlueGrassAirport,andnumerousYoungEaglesprogramssponsoredbylocalExperimentalAircraftAssociation(EAA).Inaddition,29ofKentucky’s59airportshavebasedflighttrainingservicesandnearlyallairportssupportflighttrainingactivities.TheresultsoftheinventoryeffortfoundthatinKentuckythereare63on‐airportjobsrelatedtoflighttrainingwithover$9.4millioninassociatedpayroll.

Aviationhasaroleinsupportingthestate’sagriculturalsectorforpurposesincludingaerialapplicationandlivestocktransport.Eachyear,aircraftareusedforaerialseedingoraerialpesticideapplicationofKentucky’sfarmland,whichin2015produced$2.8billionworthoftotalcropproduction.Kentucky’sairportssupportenablefarmerstoaddresstheneedsoftheircropsefficientlyandeconomicallythroughaviation.

Economic Evaluation – Direct Impacts

 KENTUCKY STATEWIDE AVIATION SYSTEM PLAN

7-6

Theequineindustry–oneofKentucky’smostrenownedandculturallysignificantindustries–isheavilyreliantuponaviationforthetransportationofitsproducts.SpecializedairtransportcompaniessuchasH.E.TexSuttonForwardingCompany,basedatBlueGrassAirport,movehorsesaroundtheworldusingdedicatedaircraftoftencalled“airstables.”Kentucky’shometo242,000horsesthatsupporta$1.1billionindustrywithmorethan40,000jobs.TwoofthetopfiveairportsintheU.S.involvedinhorsetransportationareinKentucky(LouisvilleInternationalAirportandBlueGrassAirportinLexington).1

Aviationisalsoanessentialcomponentofthehealthcareindustry,oftenmostvisiblyintheformofhelicopteremergencymedicalevacuations.Furthermore,themedicalindustryusesaviationinthetransferofmedicalsupplies,tissuesamples,anddonororgans.Kentuckyiscurrentlyservedbyfiveairmedicaloperators,combiningfor31airmedicalbasesacrossthestate.Fourteenofthesebasesarelocatedatairports.Thespeed,reliability,andrangeaffordedbyaviationsavesliveseveryday,andallKentuckyairportsplayavitalroleinsupportingthiscriticalactivitywhenneeded.Theinventoryidentified229on‐airportjobsrelatedtoairambulanceoperatorswithanassociatedpayrollofover$13.7million.

1Harrington‐Snell,Jennifer.Alongfortheride,BusinessAirportInternational,January2012.

Economic Evaluation – Direct Impacts

 KENTUCKY STATEWIDE AVIATION SYSTEM PLAN

7-7

Summary of On-Airport Economic Activities AirportsinKentuckysupporttheairtravelneedsoftheCommonwealth’sresidents,businesses,andvisitors,actingaseconomicenginesforregionaleconomies.ThischapterhighlightstheimportanteconomiccontributionsthattheCommonwealthrealizesfromitsairportsbyquantifyingdirectemploymentandpayrollassociatedwiththeseairports.Theresultsofthisanalysisarereportedforthestateasawholeandforeachindividualairport.Itisalsoimportanttonotethatthiseconomicevaluationprovidesa“snapshotintime”withrespecttoairportactivityandeconomicconditions.Thedataandthestateoftheeconomyforthischapterareallspecificallyrelatedto2015.

TheKentuckysystemofairportsanalyzedinthisevaluationconsistsofsixcommercialserviceairportsand53generalaviationairports.Theseairportsrangeinsizefromsmallairstrips,suchasProvidence‐WebsterCountyAirportandLiberty‐CaseyCountyAirport,toBowmanField,abusycorporategeneralaviationrelieverairport,toCincinnati/NorthernKentuckyInternationalAirport,oneofthe60busiestcommercialserviceairportsintheU.S.intermsofenplanements.2TheKDAsupportstheseairportsaspartofitsmissiontoprovideasafeandsecureairtransportationsystemthatensuresthemobilityofpeopleandgoods,enhanceseconomicprosperity,andpreservesthequalityoftheCommonwealth’senvironmentandcommunities.Thisanalysisfoundthatthesystemof59public‐useairportsinKentuckygeneratessubstantialdirecteconomicimpactsthroughouttheCommonwealth.Inbrief,the59airports:

Supportedmorethan23,000jobsatsystemairports Thesejobsgeneratedover$1.44billioninannualpayrollTable7‐1liststheemploymentandpayrollforthe59Kentuckypublic‐useairports.Again,thesenumbersonlyincludeon‐airportbusinessesandgovernmentagencyactivities.On‐airportcapitalimprovementprojects,visitorimpacts,andmultiplierimpactsarenotincluded.Itshouldbenotedthatforairportswith3orfeweron‐airportworkers,payrollwasnotlistedinthetablebelowtomaintainconfidentialityandtoavoidreportingindividualsalaryestimates.Adiverserangeofairport‐relatedactivityisreflectedintheseimpacts,fromUPS’WorldportaircargohubatLouisvilleInternationalAirport‐StandifordFieldwheremorethan9,000workersareemployed,toEagleFlightAcademy’stwofull‐timeflightinstructorsatHancockCounty–RonLewisField.

2https://www.faa.gov/airports/planning_capacity/passenger_allcargo_stats/passenger/media/cy15‐all‐enplanements.pdf

Economic Evaluation – Direct Impacts

 KENTUCKY STATEWIDE AVIATION SYSTEM PLAN

7-8

Table7‐1DirectEconomicImpactsforKentuckyAirports

  Associated City  Airport Name 

Direct On‐Airport 

Employment Direct On‐

Airport Payroll 

Commercial Service Airports

BWG  Bowling Green  Bowling Green‐Warren County Regional 19  $681,000

CVG  Covington  Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International 9,443  $493,290,000

LEX  Lexington  Blue Grass  520  $30,335,000

SDF  Louisville  Louisville International‐Standiford Field 12,436  $855,093,000

OWB  Owensboro  Owensboro‐Daviess County Regional 62  $4,004,000

PAH  Paducah  Barkley Regional 120  $7,552,000

Commercial Service Airports Total  22,600  $1,390,955,000

General Aviation Airports

DWU  Ashland  Ashland Regional 6  $286,000

BRY  Bardstown  Samuels Field 5  $455,000

1M9  Cadiz  Lake Barkley State Resort Park ‐  $0

AAS  Campbellsville  Taylor County 2  Undisclosed

I96  Columbia  Columbia‐Adair County 2  Undisclosed

0I8  Cynthiana  Cynthiana‐Harrison County 2  Undisclosed

DVK  Danville  Stuart Powell Field 46  $2,281,000

8M7  Dawson Springs  Tradewater  ‐  $0

EKX  Elizabethtown  Addington Field 29  $1,163,000

2I3  Falls of Rough  Rough River State Resort Park 1  Undisclosed

K62  Falmouth  Gene Snyder  ‐  $0

FGX  Flemingsburg  Fleming‐Mason 5  $362,000

FFT  Frankfort  Capital City  38  $9,726,000

1M7  Fulton  Fulton  ‐  $0

27K  Georgetown  Georgetown Scott County ‐Marshall Field 8  $407,000

M34  Gilbertsville  Kentucky Dam Village State Resort Park ‐  $0

GLW  Glasgow  Glasgow Municipal 24  $1,375,000

M21  Greenville  Muhlenberg County 20  $1,212,000

I93  Hardinsburg  Breckinridge County ‐  $0

I35  Harlan  Tucker‐Guthrie Memorial ‐  $0

JQD  Hartford  Ohio County  3  Undisclosed

CPF  Hazard  Wendell H. Ford Regional 29  $1,760,000

EHR  Henderson  Henderson City‐County 46  $2,031,000

HVC  Hopkinsville  Hopkinsville‐Christian County 4  $297,000

JKL  Jackson  Julian Carroll ‐  $0

K24  Jamestown  Russell County 2  Undisclosed

M20  Leitchfield  Grayson County ‐  $0

KY8  Lewisport  Hancock Co‐Ron Lewis Field 4  $14,000

I53  Liberty  Liberty‐Casey County ‐  $0

LOZ  London  London‐Corbin‐Magee Field 168  $10,688,000

LOU  Louisville  Bowman Field 92  $5,090,000

2I0  Madisonville  Madisonville Regional 3  Undisclosed

5M9  Marion  Marion‐Crittenden County 1  Undisclosed

M25  Mayfield  Mayfield Graves County 2  Undisclosed

1A6  Middlesboro  Middlesboro‐Bell County 2  Undisclosed

EKQ  Monticello  Wayne County 16  $1,355,000

SYM  Morehead  Morehead‐Rowan County Clyde A. Thomas Regional 17  $1,139,000

Economic Evaluation – Direct Impacts

 KENTUCKY STATEWIDE AVIATION SYSTEM PLAN

7-9

Table7‐1DirectEconomicImpactsforKentuckyAirports

  Associated City  Airport Name 

Direct On‐Airport 

Employment Direct On‐

Airport Payroll 

IOB  Mount Sterling  Mount Sterling‐Montgomery County 25  $1,234,000

CEY  Murray  Kyle‐Oakley Field 5  $87,000

PBX  Pikeville  Pikeville – Pike County Regional 3  Undisclosed

18I  Pine Knot  McCreary County ‐  $0

SJS  Prestonsburg  Big Sandy Regional 36  $1,462,000

2M0  Princeton  Princeton‐Caldwell County ‐  $0

8M9  Providence  Providence‐Webster County ‐  $0

RGA  Richmond  Central Kentucky Regional 20  $1,116,000

4M7  Russellville  Russellville‐Logan County 3  Undisclosed

SME  Somerset  Lake Cumberland Regional 83  $3,968,000

6I2  Springfield  Lebanon‐Springfield 18  $1,093,000

I50  Stanton  Stanton‐Powell County ‐  $0

TWT  Sturgis  Sturgis Municipal 4  $204,000

TZV  Tompkinsville  Tompkinsville‐Monroe County 1  Undisclosed

9I3  West Liberty  West Liberty  ‐  $0

BYL  Williamsburg  Williamsburg‐Whitley County 17  $918,000

General Aviation Airports Total  792  $50,916,000

    All Airports Total  23,392  $1,441,871,000

Source:CDMSmithNote:Payrollforairportswiththreeorfewerdirectemployeesarenotdisclosed.