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Ecology and Phylogeny of Damselflies (Zygoptera) in French Polynesia
Ecology and Phylogeny of Damselflies Ecology and Phylogeny of Damselflies (Zygoptera) in French Polynesia(Zygoptera) in French Polynesia
Ronald A. EnglundRonald A. Englund11, Steve Jordan, Steve Jordan22, , Dan A. PolhemusDan A. Polhemus11
11Bishop MuseumBishop MuseumHawaii, USAHawaii, USA
22Bucknell UniversityBucknell University
1)1)
Survey previously unsampled aquatic Survey previously unsampled aquatic and terrestrial habitats for Odonataand terrestrial habitats for Odonata
2)2)
Assess origins and dispersal patterns Assess origins and dispersal patterns of FP Odonata via molecular of FP Odonata via molecular systematicssystematics
3)3)
Assess the conservation status and Assess the conservation status and impacts of introduced aquatic species impacts of introduced aquatic species on native Odonata, on native Odonata,
4)4)
Provide museum specimens and an Provide museum specimens and an ecological information baseline for ecological information baseline for future researchersfuture researchers
5)5)
Assess ecological shifts previously Assess ecological shifts previously only found in Hawaii only found in Hawaii (Aquatic to (Aquatic to Terrestrial)Terrestrial)
Overall Objectives: Overall Objectives: Polynesie FranPolynesie Franççaise aise Odonata SurveysOdonata Surveys
Raiatea: new Raiatea: new Ischnura sacrebleuIschnura sacrebleu
Bora Bora: Bora Bora: Ischnura cardinalisIschnura cardinalis
What was known for Endemic Zygoptera in What was known for Endemic Zygoptera in Polynesie Polynesie FranFranççaiseaise (5 sp.)(5 sp.) ??
Societies Genus Societies Genus IschnuraIschnura::•• 2 species described in 19302 species described in 1930’’ss-- Bora Bora/Raiatea (1)Bora Bora/Raiatea (1)-- Tahiti (1)Tahiti (1)Marquesas (Genus Marquesas (Genus BedfordiaBedfordia))•• 2 species described in the 19302 species described in the 1930’’ss-- Ua Pou (1)Ua Pou (1)-- Nuku Hiva (1)Nuku Hiva (1)Australs (Genus Australs (Genus IschnuraIschnura))•• RapaRapa (1) described in 1966(1) described in 1966
Raiatea: Trois Cascades
Bora Bora damselfly stream habitat
Austral Damselflies Austral Damselflies -- Damselfly MorphologyDamselfly Morphology
TubuaiTubuai
RapaRapa
RurutuRurutu
RarotongaRarotonga(Cook Islands)(Cook Islands)
Rurutu: Puputa CascadeRurutu: Puputa Cascade
Raivavae: new Raivavae: new IschnuraIschnurajeanyvesmeyerijeanyvesmeyeri
RimataraRimatara
•• 3 total endemic species from Rurutu, 3 total endemic species from Rurutu, Raivavae, RapaRaivavae, Rapa
•• WorldWorld’’s largest s largest IschnuraIschnura from Rapa (45 from Rapa (45 mm)mm)
•• Tubuai lacking endemic damselfly, but Tubuai lacking endemic damselfly, but limited survey time/invasive species limited survey time/invasive species possible reason?possible reason?
•• New genus from Raivavae, currently in New genus from Raivavae, currently in IschnuraIschnura
RaivavaeRaivavae
Society Islands Society Islands -- Damselfly MorphologyDamselfly Morphology
•• Bora Bora:Bora Bora: 1 described 1 described IschnuraIschnura speciesspecies
•• Tahaa: 2 Tahaa: 2 IschnuraIschnura species (2 new)species (2 new)•• Raiatea: 3 Raiatea: 3 IschnuraIschnura species (2 new)species (2 new)•• Huahine: 2? Huahine: 2? IschnuraIschnura (2 new)(2 new)•• Moorea: 1 Ischnura (1 new)Moorea: 1 Ischnura (1 new)•• Tahiti: 4? Ischnura species so far (3 Tahiti: 4? Ischnura species so far (3
new)new)•• Incomplete surveys, Fred Incomplete surveys, Fred JacqJacq has has
several new speciesseveral new species
Huahine:Huahine: Ischnura Ischnura new sp.new sp.
Bora Bora: Bora Bora: Ischnura cardinalisIschnura cardinalis
Marquesas Marquesas -- Morphological Work Morphological Work DamselfliesDamselflies
•• Eiao:Eiao: 1 permanent stream and 1 new species 1 permanent stream and 1 new species collected collected by Fred by Fred JacqJacq/Jean/Jean--FranFranççois ois ButaudButaud
•• Nuku Hiva:Nuku Hiva: 3 species total, 2 new 3 species total, 2 new BedfordiaBedfordia sp.sp.
•• Ua Huka:Ua Huka: 1 new Bedfordia sp.1 new Bedfordia sp.•• Ua Pou:Ua Pou: 1 sp. (1 sp. (Bedfordia halecarpenteriBedfordia halecarpenteri))•• Hiva Oa:Hiva Oa: 1 new 1 new BedfordiaBedfordia speciesspecies•• Tahuata: Tahuata: SShares 1 hares 1 Bedfordia Bedfordia with Hiva Oa?with Hiva Oa?•• Mohotane:Mohotane: 0 damselfly sp. (1 new 0 damselfly sp. (1 new SimuliidSimuliid))•• Fatu Hiva:Fatu Hiva: 1 new 1 new Bedfordia Bedfordia sp.sp.
Fatu Hiva:Fatu Hiva: Bedfordia Bedfordia new sp.new sp.
Ua Pou:Ua Pou:Bedfordia Bedfordia new sp.new sp.
RaivavaeRaivavae
TubuaiTubuaiRimataraRimatara
Ischnura thelmae Ischnura thelmae Lieftinck 1966Lieftinck 1966: Rapa: Rapa
Marotiri Marotiri RocksRocks
RapaRapa
RurutuRurutu
RarotongaRarotonga
(Cook Islands)(Cook Islands)
Bichromatic femaleBichromatic femalemalemale
RaivavaeRaivavae
TubuaiTubuaiRimataraRimatara
Ischnura jeanyvesmeyeriIschnura jeanyvesmeyeri Englund & Polhemus (2009)Englund & Polhemus (2009)Raivavae (also a new genus to be described later)Raivavae (also a new genus to be described later)
Marotiri Marotiri RocksRocks
RapaRapa
RurutuRurutu
RarotongaRarotonga
(Cook Islands)(Cook Islands)
RaivavaeRaivavae
TubuaiTubuaiRimataraRimatara
Ischnura rurutana Ischnura rurutana Englund & Polhemus (2009) Englund & Polhemus (2009) RurutuRurutu
Marotiri Marotiri RocksRocks
RapaRapa
RurutuRurutu
RarotongaRarotonga
(Cook Islands)(Cook Islands)
RaivavaeRaivavae
TubuaiTubuaiRimataraRimatara
AUSTRAL AND SOCIETY ISLAND AUSTRAL AND SOCIETY ISLAND DAMSELSDAMSELS
Marotiri Marotiri RocksRocks
RapaRapa
RurutuRurutu
RarotongaRarotonga
(Cook Islands)(Cook Islands)
TahitiTahiti-- IschnuraIschnura nov. sp.nov. sp.
RurutuRurutu RaivavaeRaivavaeNew genusNew genus
RapaRapaIschnura rurutana nov. sp.
Ischnura jeanyvesmeyeri nov. sp.
Ischnura thelmae
http://www.genomenewsnetwork.org/articles/04_02/mito_dna.shtml http://bioweb.wku.edu/courses/biol22000/6StructureNA/images/F04-10A.JPG
TK-N-3785
A6-N-4379
C2-J-3102
C2-J-3711
COIICOII tRNAtRNA--LysLys A8A8tRNAtRNA--AsxAsx
A6A6
1186 bp
mtDNA
Englund, Jordan et al. –
Molecular Systematics of the Damselflies of French Polynesia: Marquesas mtDNA, Mark Olaf: Methods
Methods: mt DNA Methods: mt DNA COII and A6 and A8COII and A6 and A8
• 27 specimens– 22 ingroup taxa
• From most major Marquesas populations
– Outgroups from 2 genera• Ischnura – widespread• Megalagrion orbates –
Hawaii
Englund, Jordan et al. –
Molecular Systematics
of the Damselflies of French Polynesia: Marquesas mtDNA, Mark Olaf: Methods
0.1
H iva O a 10
H iva O a 8
H iva O a 12
Tahuata1
Hiva O a 3
Fatu H iva 8
Nuku H iva 13
N uku H iva 1
Nuku H iva 5
N uku H iva 7
N uku H iva 15
Nuku H iva 2
N uku H iva 26
N uku H iva 4
Nuku H iva 25
Nuku H iva 22
Nuku H iva 2BB
Tahiti 8
Tahiti 9
Ischnura aurora 38 (Fiji)
Megalagrionorobates (K auai)I. heterosticta 23 (F iji)
Nuku H iva BB1
61
74
73
ML Bootstrap
Bayesian Posterior
73
73
55
97
73
72
6887
7496
55
100
85
100
100
85
100
100
100
70
96
84
98
6190
U a Huka 1
U a Huka 2
Ua Pou 1
U a Pou 5
100
100
100
100
100
100
0.1
Ua Huka 1
Ua Huka 2
Ua Poa1
Ua Poa5
Nuku Hiva BB 2
Nuku Hiva 22
Nuku Hiva 25
Hiva Oa 10
Hiva Oa 3
Hiva Oa 12
Fatu Hiva8
Nuku Hiva 13
Nuku Hiva 1
Nuku Hiva 4
Nuku Hiva 26
Nuku Hiva 2
Nuku Hiva 15
Nuku Hiva 7
Nuku Hiva 5
Tahiti 8
Tahiti 9
Ischnura aurora 38 (Fiji)
Megalagrion orbates(Kauai)
I. heterosticta 23 (Fiji)
97
100
97
100
98
100
82
100
83
10099
100
6899
7099
80
100
56
91
100
10072
50
58
92
100
ML Bootstrap
Bayesian Posterior
Analysis I: All Characters
Analysis II: 1st
and 2nd Codon Positions Only
Englund, Jordan et al. –
Molecular Systematics
of the Damselflies of French Polynesia: Marquesas mtDNA, Mark Olaf: Results
0.01
NH13BB2
NH17NH8NH2NH1
UP5UP1
UP3NH22
NH5NH15NH7NH25
HO3HO10TA1HO8
HO1HO14HO11, 21FH6
FH2FH1FH8
NH BB1UP6
SiTahiti8SiTahiti9
100
60
86
58
68
EF-1alpha
Englund, Jordan et al. –
Molecular Systematics
of the Damselflies of French Polynesia: Marquesas Nuclear DNA –
Jenn
Mrozek
• 30 individuals
• 29 alleles
•1055 bp
of nuclear Elongation Factor-1α
gene
• 86 variable characters
• 31 parsimony informative characters
• K80+gamma Maximum Likelihood analysis
• 1000 bootstrap pseudoreplicates
0.1
SITahaa7
SITahaa8
SIBo1, 10, 6, Tahaa 1, 14, 5
SITahaa22, 23, 29
SIBo5
SIBo14, 2, 9, Tahaa 2
SIHu1, 5
SIHu11
SIHu10
SIHu12, 2, 6
Tahiti It
Rurutu504, 510, 516
Rurutu512
SIBo16
Rapa505, 506
Rapa509
Rapa507
SITahaa28
Raivavae508
Raivave511
Raivavae513, 515
SITahaa30
89
79
90
100
92
81
87
665 bp mtDNA
Englund, Jordan et al. –
Molecular Systematics
of the Damselflies of French Polynesia: Society/Austral mtDNA: Sherri Liang
Societies/Australs
mtDNA
• 665 bp
of mt
COII gene• 167 parsimony informative characters• GTR + I + gamma model• 39 individuals• 22 haplotypes• 500 bootstrap pseudoreplicatesi
• 665 bp mt COII gene• GTR+I+G model ML analysis• 476 bootstrap pseudoreplicates
0.1
Nuku Hiva 13Nuku Hiva 5
Nuku Hiva 15Nuku Hiva 26,7Nuku Hiva 1Nuku Hiva 4
Fatu Hiva 8Nuku Hiva 25
Nuku Hiva Big Blue 1Hiva Oa 10Hiva Oa 12
Hiva Oa 3Nuku Hiva 2Tahuata 1
Hiva Oa 8Nuku Hiva 22
Ua Pou 1Ua Pou 5
Ua Huka 1, 2Nuku Hiva Big Blue 2
Raivavae 508Raivave 511
Raivavae 513, 515Megalagrion orobatesBora Bora 1,10,6; Tahaa 1,14,15,22,23,29Tahaa 7, 8Bora Bora 5
Bora Bora 2,9,14;Tahaa 2Huahine 1, 5Huahine 11
Huahine 10, 12, 2, 6Tahiti 8
Tahiti 9Tahiti Iti 514
Ischnura aurora 38Bora Bora 16
Rurutu 504, 510, 516Rurutu 512
Tahaa 28Rapa 505,506Rapa 509
Rapa 507Ishnura heterosticta - Fiji
89
9099
94
100
10083
100
99
10092
97
8899
100
8591
Marquesas
Raivavae
Rurutu
Rapa
Huahine
Bora &Tahaa
Englund, Jordan et al. –
Molecular Systematics of the Damselflies of French Polynesia: All Together
Hawaii
Preliminary Conclusions1.
Archipelago monophyly• Endemic Marquesan Zygoptera are likely monophyletic.• Society Island damselflies may not be.• Austral Zygoptera probably are not.
2.
Zygoptera of each individual Austral Island are likely monophyletic.
3.
mtDNA data suggest that Raivavae damselflies may represent a different genus from others in the Australs and even FP.
4.
mtDNA suggest complex biogeography for Marquesan damselflies, while nuclear data show a much simpler
pattern.
More data are needed.5.
Ua Huka, Ua Pou, Hiva Oa/Tahuata and Fatu Hiva each host one endemic damselfly species. Nuku Hiva may be home to multiple species, though nuclear data put this into question.
6.
Bora Bora/Tahaa and Huahine probably each host a single species.
Englund, Jordan et al. –
Molecular Systematics of the Damselflies of French Polynesia: Conclusions
Polynesie FranPolynesie Franççaise aise Native DamselfliesNative DamselfliesSummarySummary
•• Excellent indicator species for aquatic ecosystem Excellent indicator species for aquatic ecosystem health, found in undisturbed habitatshealth, found in undisturbed habitats
•• Each high island with water found to have at least Each high island with water found to have at least 11--2 2 endemic, larger islands with more (most new endemic, larger islands with more (most new spp.)spp.)
•• Terrestrial damselflies found on RaiateaTerrestrial damselflies found on Raiatea•• 5 sp. in 19305 sp. in 1930’’s, up to ~24 species today (19 new)s, up to ~24 species today (19 new)•• Dispersal patterns still unclear, and data are Dispersal patterns still unclear, and data are
incomplete esp. from the Societiesincomplete esp. from the Societies
Gaps to fill for the French Polynesia Gaps to fill for the French Polynesia Aquatic Insect Biodiversity AssessmentAquatic Insect Biodiversity AssessmentSocieties:Societies:•• Highest Priority is Tahiti Nui and Tahiti Iti, Highest Priority is Tahiti Nui and Tahiti Iti,
particularly high elevation forest and wetland areasparticularly high elevation forest and wetland areas•• Moorea: Upland stream/wetland areasMoorea: Upland stream/wetland areas•• Tahaa: Upland native forest areas for terrestrial Tahaa: Upland native forest areas for terrestrial
damselfliesdamselflies•• Raiatea: Upland native forest/wetland areasRaiatea: Upland native forest/wetland areasMarquesasMarquesas•• EiaoEiao: Stream/wetland areas: Stream/wetland areas•• Nuku Hiva: High Elevation stream and wetland Nuku Hiva: High Elevation stream and wetland
areasareas•• Tahuata: upland stream areasTahuata: upland stream areasAustralsAustrals•• Tubuai: Upland stream areasTubuai: Upland stream areas Raiatea: new terrestrial
Ischnura from Mt. Toomaru
Mt. Toomaru damselfly habitat
Mahalo!• Team Members: Jean-Yves Meyer, Benoît Fontaine, Olivier
Gargominy, Jean-François Butaud, Elin Claridge, Diana Percy, Matthew Prebble, Jacques Florence, Jean-Claude Thibault, Rosie Gillespie, Fred Jacq, Elie Poroi
• Jean-Yves Meyer, Délégation à la Recherche (Ministère de la Culture, de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche, Gouvernement de la Polynésie française)
• Bishop Museum: Neal Evenhuis, Allen Allison, David Preston, Al Samuelson, Alistair Ramsdale, LaVonne Englund
•• Team Members: JeanTeam Members: Jean--Yves Meyer, BenoYves Meyer, Benoîît Fontaine, Olivier t Fontaine, Olivier Gargominy, JeanGargominy, Jean--FranFranççois Butaud, Elin Claridge, Diana Percy, ois Butaud, Elin Claridge, Diana Percy, Matthew Prebble, Jacques Florence, JeanMatthew Prebble, Jacques Florence, Jean--Claude Thibault, Rosie Claude Thibault, Rosie Gillespie, Fred Gillespie, Fred JacqJacq, , ElieElie PoroiPoroi
•• JeanJean--Yves Meyer, DYves Meyer, Déélléégation gation àà la Recherche (Ministla Recherche (Ministèère de la re de la Culture, de lCulture, de l’’Enseignement SupEnseignement Supéérieur et de la Recherche, rieur et de la Recherche, Gouvernement de la PolynGouvernement de la Polynéésie fransie franççaise)aise)
•• Bishop Museum: Neal Evenhuis, Allen Allison, David Preston, Al Bishop Museum: Neal Evenhuis, Allen Allison, David Preston, Al Samuelson, Alistair Ramsdale, LaVonne EnglundSamuelson, Alistair Ramsdale, LaVonne Englund
Raivavae: 2002Raivavae: 2002 Rimatara: 2004Rimatara: 2004Tubuai: 2003Tubuai: 2003
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