East Asia in the 20 th c after WWII East Asia’s Climb Back to Centrality

East Asia in the 20th c after WWII

East Asia’s Climb Back to Centrality

1937 – Japanese invasion of China• Guomindang & Communists reach alliance

– Following Communists’ Long March to hinterlands, Guomindang left in cities to fight Japanese alone• Turning point in Chinese civil war

1945-1949: Chinese Civil war resumes1949: Communist win

WWII – Histories Intertwined

Communist China under Mao

“We must have faith in the masses and we must have faith in the Party. These are two cardinal

principles. If we doubt these principles, we shall accomplish

nothing.”

Mao Zedong

“Protect the interests of the youth, women and children - provide assistance to young students

who cannot afford to continue their studies, help the youth and women to organize in order to

participate on an equal footing in all work useful to the war effort and to social progress, ensure

freedom of marriage and equality as between men and women, and give young people and children a

useful education....”

Mao Zedong

Mao

• Wanted to help China by…– Helping poor farmers– Create classless society & economic equality– Set up a dictatorship to force changes

• Totalitarian = government w/ total control

• In other words, he was a hardline communist

Mao’s Great Leap Forward

• 1950s• Wanted China to take a great leap forward by

using peasants to industrialize• Created communes of collective farming

– Farmers forced to meet quotas & turn harvest over to government

• Huge failure – resulting in famine– Peasants too uneducated to industrialize

Backyard Furnaces

Close Cropping

Campaign Against the Sparrows

Mao’s Cultural Revolution

• 1960s• Effort to keep communist energy &

revolutionary spirit going– Create youth groups called Red Guard– Wrote book called: Little Red Book

• Tried to end old ideas & capitalism

• Huge failure: Attacked educated professionals

How has Chinese family life changed?

• Tried to weaken influence of family• Women gained legal equality

– Allowed choice in marriage– Ended footbinding– Work & school opportunities

1-Child Policy: slows population growth

Generation 1

Generation 2

Generation 3

Generation 5

Generation 4

Yet, today China has the world’s 2nd largest economy. How?

Communist China under Deng Xiaoping

Answer?

Deng

• Led China in 1980s• Wanted to help China develop with more

economic freedoms– Industrializing & focusing on manufacturing– Wanted to allow for profits (motivation)– Kept tight Communist control of government

• No democratic reforms• 1-Child Policy to reduce population

• In other words, he was a dictator who wanted to keep Communists in power without using communist ideas….a pragmatist

Four Modernizations

• Special Economic Zones– Cities allowed to trade internationally and accept

foreign investment

• Responsibility System– Farmers given reduced quotas so extra harvest

could be sold for profit

Tiananmen Square Massacre

• 1989• Students protest for democracy• Government massacres 2000 protestors

Govt Response

Events

Deng

• Led China in 1980s• Wanted to help China develop with more

economic freedoms– Industrializing & focusing on manufacturing– Wanted to allow for profits (motivation)– Kept tight Communist control of government

• No democratic reforms• In other words, he was a dictator who wanted to

keep Communists in power but used more practical efforts that blended capitalist & communist ideas….a pragmatist

Closure

• What is the difference between Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping? What the similarity between Mao and Deng?

China Today

"Socialism with Chinese characteristics"

Liberalization of Chinese Economy

Liberalization of Chinese Economy

1992: “Socialist Market Economy”

Liberalization of Chinese Economy

China Today

• 2nd largest economy– …but divided among almost 2 billion people

• Average Chinese person makes $10,000• Average American makes $50,000

• Industrialized– Economy based on manufacturing small, cheap

goods– …but lots of pollution

2013 ECONOMIC DATA GDP (trillions $) -

PPP GDP per Capita –

PPP Growth Rate

Population (millions) & rank

United States $16.72 $52,800 1.6% 318 (4th) China $13.37 $ 9,800 7.6% 1,355 (1st) Japan $ 4.73 $37,000 2% 127 (11th) South Korea $ 1.66 $33,200 2.8% 49 (27th) Indonesia $ 1.29 $ 5,200 5.3% 253 (5th) Taiwan $ 0.92 $39,600 2.2% 23 (52nd) Thailand $ 0.67 $ 9,900 3.1% 67 (21st) Hong Kong $ 0.38 $52,700 3% 7 (102nd) Vietnam $ 0.36 $ 4,000 5.3% 93 (15th) Singapore $ 0.34 $62,400 3.5% 5 (116th)

Liberalization of Chinese Economy

Foreign Relations

• Tense relationship with Taiwan– Taiwan: home of Nationalists after fleeing defeat in civil war– Both sides claim rightful control of other

• Tense relationship with West– Censors political rights & freedom of speech

• Dissidents & separatists are repressed (ex – Tibet)– Britain returned control of Hong Kong to China in 1997