View
220
Download
0
Category
Tags:
Preview:
Citation preview
EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE
EARLY ATMOSPHERE
• PRODUCED BY ERUPTING VOLCANOES• CONTAINED NITROGEN AND CARBON
DIOXIDE• EARLY ORGANISMS RELEASED OXYGEN
TODAY’S ATMOSPHERE
• NITROGEN – 78%• OXYGEN – 21%• OTHER GASES – 1%
• WATER VAPOR – UP TO 4%
• DUST, POLLEN, AND SALT
TROPOSPHERE
• THE LOWEST LAYER OF THE ATMOSPHERE.
• CONTAINS 99% OF THE ATMOSPHERES WATER VAPOR.
• CONTAINS 75% OF THE ATMOSPHERES GASES.
• EXTENDS UP TO 10 KILOMETERS ABOVE THE EARTH
STRATOSPHERE
• EXTENDS FROM 10 KM – 50 KM ABOVE THE EARTH.
• CONTAINS THE GAS OZONE.
MESOSPHERE
• EXTENDS FROM 50 KM – 85 KM.
• CONTAINS PART OF THE IONOSPHERE.
THERMOSPHERE• EXTENDS BETWEEN 85 KM – 500 KM ABOVE
THE EARTH.
• THE THICKEST LAYER IN THE ATMOSPHERE.
• HAS HIGH TEMPERATURES
• ALSO CONTAINS PART OF THE IONOSPHERE
EXOSPHERE
• THE LAST LAYER.
• WHERE THE SPACE SHUTTLE FLIES.
• IT HAS FEW MOLECULES.
• OUTER SPACE IS BEYOND THE EXOSPHERE.
IONOSPHERE
• A LAYER OF ELECTRICALLY CHARGED PARTICLES.
• DURING THE DAY SUN ENERGY INTERACTS AND ABSORBS AM FREQUENCIES.
• AT NIGHT, AM TRANSMISSIONS CAN TRAVEL GREAT DISTANCES.
ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE
• GRAVITY PULLS GASES TOWARDS THE EARTH’S SURFACE.
• THE AIR IS DENSER AS IT GETS CLOSER TO THE EARTH.
• MORE FORCE OR PRESSURE IS FELT NEARER THE EARTH.
TEMPERATURE
• THE EARTH’S SURFACE WARMS UP THE TROPOSPHERE.
• AS YOU CLIMB HIGHER IT GETS COOLER.
• OZONE MOLECULES ABSORB THE SUN’S ENERGY AND RAISES THE STRATOSPHERE TEMPERATURE AS IT GOES HIGHER
TEMPERATURE
• THE TEMPERATURE GOES DOWN THROUGH THE MESOSPHERE.
• THERMOSPHERE AND EXOSPHERE TEMPERATURES GO UP THE FARTHER YOU GO.
OZONE LAYER• IN THE STRATOSPHERE.
• MADE OF 3 OXYGEN ATOMS TOGETHER.
• SHIELDS US FROM THE SUN’S HARMFUL RAYS (ULTRAVIOLET).
CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS(CFCs)
• CHEMICALS USED IN REFRIGERATORS, AIR CONDITIONERS, FOAM PACKAGING, AND HAIR SPRAYS.
• BLAMED FOR DESTROYING THE OZONE.
TROPOSPHERE
STRATOSPHERE
MESOSPHERE
THERMOSPHERE
EXOSPHERE
ENERGY TRANSFER IN THE ATMOSPHERE
CONDUCTION CONVECTIONRADIATION
CONDUCTION
• THE TRANSFER OF ENERGY FROM ONE MOLECULE TO ANOTHER.
• THE TRANSFER HAPPENS WHEN THE MOLECULES HIT AGAINST EACH OTHER
• TAKES PLACE IN SOLID, LIQUIDS, AND GASES BUT WORKS BEST IN MATERIALS WITH SIMPLE MOLECULES LIKE METAL
CONVECTION
• THE MOVEMENT OF HEAT BY A LIQUID OR A GAS.
• THE LIQUID OR GAS CARRY THE HEAT WITH IT AS IT MOVES.
• THE MOVEMENT OF A MASS OF HEATED WATER OR AIR IS CALLED A CURRENT.
RADIATION
• THE TRANSFER OF HEAT BY ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES.
• WHEN WE FEEL THE HEAT FROM THE SUN OR AROUND LIGHT BULBS, IRONS, OR THE OVEN.
THE WATER CYCLE
• SUN ENERGY CAUSES THE EVAPORATION OF WATER
WATER + HEAT FROM SUN = GAS
IF THE WATER VAPOR IN THE ATMOSPHERE COOLS IT CHANGES BACK TO A LIQUID WHICH IS CONDENSATION
WATER VAPOR + COOL AIR = LIQUID
HYDROSPHERE
• ALL OF THE WATERS OF THE EARTH
CONDENSATION
WHEN WATER VAPOR IN THE ATMOSPHERE COOLS ENOUGH IT CHANGES BACK TO LIQUID.
CLIMATES OF THE WORLD
• THE CLIMATES OF AN AREA ARE CLASSIFIED BASED ON THE ANNUAL AND MONTHLY AVERAGES OF TEMPERATURE AND PRECIPITATION, WHICH IS AFFECTED BY THE WATER CYCLE.
WIND
• WHEN WARMER AIR EXPANDS IT LOWERS IN DENSITY.
• COLDER AIR HAS A HIGHER PRESSURE AND MOVES INTO THE LOWER PRESSURE AREAS CREATING WIND.
HEATED AIR
• BECAUSE THE EARTH IS CURVED EVERY AREA DOES NOT RECEIVE THE SAME AMOUNT OF SUNLIGHT.
• THE AIR AT THE EQUATOR IS LESS DENSE AND IS DISPLACED BY COLDER AIR CREATING CONVECTION CURRENTS.
CORIOLIS EFFECT
• THE ROTATION OF EARTH CAUSES MOVING AIR AND WATER TO APPEAR TO TURN.
• NORTH OF THE EQUATOR IT TURNS RIGHT.
• SOUTH OF THE EQUATOR IT TURNS LEFT.
SURFACE WINDS
• TRADE WINDS• WESTERLIES• POLAR EASTERLIES• EQUALATORAL DOLDRUMS
JET STREAM• STRONG WINDS NEAR THE TOP OF THE
TROPOSPHERE.
• MOVE STORMS ACROSS THE COUNTRY.
• PILOTS USE THE JET STREAM TO SAVE TIME AND FUEL WHEN FLYING EAST.
SEA BREEZE
• CREATED DURING THE DAY WHEN SOLAR RADIATION WARMS THE LAND MORE THAN THE SEA.
• THE COOLER AIR OVER THE SEA BLOWS TOWARD THE LAND.
LAND BREEZE
• AT NIGHT THE AIR OVER LAND COOLS FASTER THAN THAT OVER WATER.
• MOVEMENT OF AIR TOWARD THE SEA FROM THE LAND.
QUESTIONS?
Recommended