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Earthquake hazards. Ground Rupture. Alaskan pipe after the Denali quake ruptured through. Ground rupture from the M8.1 2001 Tibet earthquake. Earthquake hazards (cont.). Shaking Wave amplitude Wave frequency Duration of shaking. 1964 Nigata Japan. 2004 Sumatra earthquake. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Earthquake hazards
Ground Rupture
Ground rupture from the M8.1 2001 Tibet earthquake
Alaskan pipe after the Denali quake ruptured through
Earthquake hazards (cont)
Liquefaction Saturated sand
loses strength upon shaking
1964 Nigata Japan
Tsunami Wave wavelength
ocean waves that can travel vast distances
2004 Sumatra earthquake
Sumatra Earthquake tsunami
QuickTime™ and aSorenson Video decompressorare needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aVideo decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Hazard vs risk
1989 Macquarie Ridge, New Zealand M 8.3 No losses
1960 Agadir, Morocco M 5.5 12,000 deaths
Earthquake Risk
Risk = hazard x vulnerabilityThe amount of damage and numbers of
earthquake related deaths do not correlate to magnitude of the earthquake.
Acceptable Risk
Level of acceptable risk depends on the structure
Cannot design for maximum earthquake with low probability
Social question
Ground Rupture
Avoid constructionRelocate sensitive facilitiesImplement low use facilities
Playing fields Green space
Liquefaction
Recognize liquefaction potentialIn-situ remediationAvoid construction in liquefaction prone
areas
Tsunami mitigation
Early warning system Broadcast signal to beaches after a major
earthquake anywhere in the ocean basin
Saftey guidelines Go to high ground Climb a tree
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