E-governance in India_ Concept, Initiatives and Issues _ INSIGHTS

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Structure

IntroductionTypesofGovernmentinteractioninegovernanceSomeinitiativesinthesamefieldNationalegovernancePlanRecentInitiativesmgovernanceGovernmentinitiativesformgovernanceAdvantagesofegovernanceDisadvantagesofegovernanceChallengesinegovernanceConclusion

Introduction

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TheeineGovernancestandsforelectronic.Thus,eGovernanceisbasicallyassociatedwithcarryingoutthefunctionsandachievingtheresultsofgovernancethroughtheutilizationofICT(InformationandCommunicationsTechnology).

WhileGovernancerelatestosafeguardingthelegalrightsofallcitizens,anequallyimportantaspectisconcernedwithensuringequitableaccesstopublicservicesandthebenefitsofeconomicgrowthtoall.Italsoensuresgovernmenttobetransparentinitsdealings,accountableforitsactivitiesandfasterinitsresponsesaspartofgoodgovernance.

However,thiswouldrequirethegovernmenttochangeitselfitsprocesses,itsoutlook,laws,rulesandregulationsandalsoitswayofinteractingwiththecitizens.ItwouldalsorequirecapacitybuildingwithinthegovernmentandcreationofgeneralawarenessabouteGovernanceamongthecitizens

ICTprovidesefficientstoringandretrievalofdata,instantaneoustransmissionofinformation,processinginformationanddatafasterthantheearliermanualsystems,speedingupgovernmentalprocesses,takingdecisionsexpeditiouslyandjudiciously,increasingtransparencyandenforcingaccountability.Italsohelpsinincreasingthereachofgovernmentbothgeographicallyanddemographically.

InIndia,themainthrustforeGovernancewasprovidedbythelaunchingofNICNETin1987thenationalsatellitebasedcomputernetwork.ThiswasfollowedbythelaunchoftheDistrictInformationSystemoftheNationalInformaticsCentre(DISNIC)programmetocomputerizealldistrictofficesinthecountryforwhichfreehardwareandsoftwarewasofferedtotheStateGovernments.NICNETwasextendedviatheStatecapitalstoalldistrictheadquartersby1990.Intheensuingyears,withongoingcomputerization,teleconnectivityandinternetconnectivityestablishedalargenumberofeGovernanceinitiatives,bothattheUnionandStatelevels.

TypesofGovernmentInteractioninegovernance.

G2G:GovernmenttoGovernment

4)IndianEconomy:ForCivilServicesExaminations6thEdition(2014)RameshSingh

5)IndianPolityforCivilServicesExaminations4thEditionLaxmikanth

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8)IndiaAfterGandhi:TheHistoryOfTheWorld'sLargestDemocracy

9)MasteringModernWorldHistory5thEdition,NormanLowe

10)SelectConstitutions:16thEditionSChand

11)ChallengeAndStrategy:RethinkingIndia'sForeignPolicyRajivSikri

12)India'sForeignPolicyMuchkundDubey

13)HistoryoftheWorldfromtheLateNineteenthtotheEarlyTwentyFirstCenturyArjunDev

14)SocialProblemsinIndia2EditionRamAhuja

15)PoliticsandEthicsoftheIndianConstitution

16)PublicInstitutionsinIndia:PerformanceandDesignPRATAPBHANUMEHTA

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SELFSTUDYGUIDEPRELIMS+MAINS2015

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DAY1:InsightsSelfStudyGuideforPrelims+Mains2015

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G2C:GovernmenttoCitizenG2B:GovernmenttoBusinessG2E:GovernmenttoEmployee

SomeInitiativesinthesamefield

1. GovernmenttoCitizen(G2C)Initiatives:

ComputerizationofLandRecords:IncollaborationwithNIC.Ensuringthatlandownersgetcomputerizedcopiesofownership,cropandtenancyandupdatedcopiesofRecordsofRights(RoRs)ondemand.BhoomiProject:OnlinedeliveryofLandRecords.SelfsustainableeGovernanceprojectforthecomputerizeddeliveryof20millionrurallandrecordsto6.7millionfarmersthrough177GovernmentownedkiosksintheStateofKarnatakaGyandoot:ItisanIntranetbasedGovernmenttoCitizen(G2C)servicedeliveryinitiative.ItwasinitiatedintheDhardistrictofMadhyaPradeshinJanuary2000withthetwinobjectiveofprovidingrelevantinformationtotheruralpopulationandactingasaninterfacebetweenthedistrictadministrationandthepeople.LokvaniProjectinUttarPradesh:LokvaniisapublicprivatepartnershipprojectatSitapurDistrictinUttarPradeshwhichwasinitiatedinNovember,2004.Itsobjectiveistoprovideasinglewindow,selfsustainableeGovernancesolutionwithregardtohandlingofgrievances,landrecordmaintenanceandprovidingamixtureofessentialservices.ProjectFRIENDSinKerala:FRIENDS(Fast,Reliable,Instant,EfficientNetworkfortheDisbursementofServices)isaSingleWindowFacilityprovidingcitizensthemeanstopaytaxesandotherfinancialduestotheStateGovernment.TheservicesareprovidedthroughFRIENDSJanasevanaKendramslocatedinthedistrictheadquarters.eMitraProjectinRajasthan:eMitraisanintegratedprojecttofacilitatetheurbanandtheruralmasseswithmaximumpossibleservicesrelatedtodifferentstategovernmentdepartmentsthrough

17)CertificatePhysicalandHumanGeographyGohChengLeong

18)IndiasNationalSecurityAReader

19)IndianSocialSystemRamAhuja

PIBFEATURES

InflationFalls,GDPSurges

ModiFirmonuseofGreenTechnology

ProtectionofWomenfromDomesticViolenceAct(PMDVA)2005

UsingScienceandTechnologyforPeopleswelfare

GovernmentInitiativeonEaseofDoingBusiness

IndiasMoribundpowerwitnessesseachangeafterModilaunchesmajorinitiatives

AchievingtheobjectiveofSwachhandSwasthaBharat

MoresofIndianArtanditsEvolvingMedium

EnvironmentStewardshipProgrammeofNPCIJULY5,2015

29MAY,2015

RECENTCURRENTEVENTSPOSTS

InsightsDailyCurrentEvents,01June20151JUN,2015

InsightsDailyCurrentEvents,30May201530MAY,2015

InsightsDailyCurrentEvents:29May201529MAY,2015

InsightsDailyCurrentEvents,28May201528MAY,2015

InsightsDailyCurrentEvents,27May201527MAY,2015

RECENTSECURE2015POSTS

[InsightsSecure2015]UPSCMainsQuestionsonCurrentEvents:01June20151JUN,2015

[InsightsSecure2015]UPSCMainsQuestionsonCurrentEvents:30May201530MAY,2015

[InsightsSecure2015]UPSCMainsQuestionsonCurrent

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LokmitraJanmitraCenters/Kiosks.eSeva(AndhraPradesh):ThisprojectisdesignedtoprovideGovernmenttoCitizenandeBusinesstoCitizenservices.ThehighlightoftheeSevaprojectisthatalltheservicesaredeliveredonlinetoconsumers/citizensbyconnectingthemtotherespectivegovernmentdepartmentsandprovidingonlineinformationatthepointofservicedelivery.AdmissiontoProfessionalCollegesCommonEntranceTest(CET):Withtherapidgrowthinthedemandaswellassupplyofprofessionaleducation,theprocessofadmissiontotheseinstitutionsbecameamajorchallengeintheearly1990s.RecoursewasthentakentoICTtomaketheprocessofadmissiontransparentandobjective.OneofthepioneeringeffortswasmadebyKarnataka.TheStateGovernmentdecidedtoconductacommonentrancetestbasedonwhichadmissiontodifferentcollegesanddisciplineswasmade.

AgriculturalExtensionProgramme

RECENTCOMMENTS

Charmon9)Withsuitable

examplesdifferentiatebetweenhatespeechandfreespeech.Doyouthinkacademicinstitutionsshouldallowpoliticalandreligiousdebatestotakeplaceamongstudentgroupsintheircampuses?Criticallycomment.

RATNESHTHAKURonDAY

3:InsightsSelfStudyGuideforPrelims+Mains2015

HarishMeenaon1)Critically

commentonIndiasroleintheliberationandcreationofBangladeshin1971anditsconsequencesonIndiaspolitythen.

on2)Inanycase,rulingbyordinanceisaBritishlegacyofretainingcontrolbytheCrown.Inthelightofintroductionofcontroversialordinancesinrecentyearsbytheuniongovernment,criticallycommentonthestatement.

JDon2)Inanycase,ruling

byordinanceisaBritishlegacyofretainingcontrolbytheCrown.Inthelightofintroductionofcontroversial

Events:29May201529MAY,2015

[InsightsSecure2015]UPSCMainsQuestionsonCurrentEvents:28May201528MAY,2015

[InsightsSecure2015]UPSCMainsQuestionsonCurrentEvents:27May201527MAY,2015

THEHINDUNEWSANALYSIS

InsightsTheHinduNewsAnalysis:30May2015

InsightsTheHinduNewsAnalysis:29May2015

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RECENTESSAYCHALLENGES

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1. GovernmenttoBusiness(G2B)Initiatives:

eProcurementProjectinAndhraPradeshandGujarat:Toreducethetimeandcostofdoingbusinessforbothvendorsandgovernment.MCA21:BytheMinistryofCorporateAffairs.TheprojectaimsatprovidingeasyandsecureonlineaccesstoallregistryrelatedservicesprovidedbytheUnionMinistryofCorporateAffairstocorporatesandotherstakeholdersatanytimeandinamannerthatbestsuitsthem.

1. GovernmenttoGovernment(G2G)Initiatives:

KhajaneProjectinKarnataka:ItisacomprehensiveonlinetreasurycomputerizationprojectoftheGovernmentofKarnataka.TheprojecthasresultedinthecomputerizationoftheentiretreasuryrelatedactivitiesoftheStateGovernmentandthesystemhastheabilitytotrackeveryactivityrightfromtheapprovaloftheStateBudgettothepointofrenderingaccountstothegovernment.SmartGov(AndhraPradesh):SmartGovhasbeendevelopedtostreamlineoperations,enhanceefficiencythroughworkflowautomationandknowledgemanagementforimplementationintheAndhraPradeshSecretariat.

NationalEgovernancePlan

TheNationaleGovernancePlan(NeGP)hasbeenformulatedbytheDepartmentofElectronicsandInformationTechnology(DEITY)and

ordinancesinrecentyearsbytheuniongovernment,criticallycommentonthestatement.

InsightsWeeklyEssayChallengeWeek19

InsightsWeeklyEssayChallengeWeek18

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RAJYASABHATVNEWSDEBATES

TheBigPictureOneyearofNDAGovt:Defencesector30MAY,2015

TheBigPictureFDIinMultiBrandRetail:Whatisitsfate?27MAY,2015

TheBigPictureOneyearofNDAGovt:Howthesocialsectorhasfared?26MAY,2015

TheBigPictureIndiaSouthKoreaTies:WhereisitHeading?21MAY,2015

TheBigPicturePMModisChinaVisit:WhataretheTakeaways?20MAY,2015

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DepartmentofAdministrativeReformsandPublicGrievances(DARPG)in2006.

TheNeGPaimsatimprovingdeliveryofGovernmentservicestocitizensandbusinesseswiththefollowingvision:MakeallGovernmentservicesaccessibletothecommonmaninhislocality,throughcommonservicedeliveryoutletsandensureefficiency,transparency&reliabilityofsuchservicesataffordablecoststorealisethebasicneedsofthecommonman.

Centralgovernmentinitiativesasmissionmodeprojects(MMP)

eoffice

TheGovernmentofIndiahasrecognizedtheneedtomodernizetheCentralGovernmentofficesthroughtheintroductionofInformationandCommunicationsTechnology.eOfficeisaimedatincreasingtheusageofworkflowandrulebasedfilerouting,quicksearchandretrievaloffilesandofficeorders,digitalsignaturesforauthentication,formsandreportingcomponents.

Immigration,VisaandForeignersRegistration&Tracking(IVFRT)

Indiahasemergedasakeytouristdestination,besidesbeingamajorbusinessandservicehub.ImmigrationCheckPostisthefirstpointofcontactthatgeneratespublicandpopularperceptionaboutthecountry,thusnecessitatingastateoftheartsystemforpromptanduserfriendlyservices.

UID

Theuniqueidentificationprojectwasconceivedasaninitiativethatwouldprovideidentificationforeachresidentacrossthecountryandwouldbeusedprimarilyasthebasisforefficientdeliveryofwelfareservices.Itwouldalsoactasatoolforeffectivemonitoringofvariousprogramsandschemesofthegovernment.

Pensions

ThepensionsMMPisprimarilyaimedatmakingthepension/retirement

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relatedinformation,servicesandgrievanceshandlingmechanismaccessibleonlinetotheneedypensioners,throughacombinationofinteractiveandnoninteractivecomponents,andthus,helpbridgethegapbetweenthepensionersandthegovernment.

Banking

TheBankingMMPisyetanothersteptowardsimprovingoperationalefficiencyandreducingthedelaysandeffortsinvolvedinhandlingandsettlingtransactions.TheMMPwhichisbeingimplementedbythebankingindustryaimsatstreamliningvariouseservicesinitiativesundertakenbyindividualbanks.Implementationisbeingdonebythebanksconcerned,withthebankingDepartmentprovidingabroadframeworkandguidance.

Posts

ModernizationofPostalServiceshasbeenundertakenbytheDepartmentofPoststhroughcomputerizationandnetworkingofallpostofficesusingacentralserverbasedsystem,andsettingupofcomputerizedregistrationcenters(CRCs).

StateMissionModeprojects

eGovernanceinMunicipalities

ItisauniqueinitiativeoftheGovernmentofIndiaconceptualizedundertheumbrellaofthe

overallNationaleGovernancePlan(NeGP)andtheJawaharlalNehruNationalUrbanRenewal

Mission(Jnnurm)aimedatimprovingoperationalefficiencieswithinUrbanLocalBodies

(ULBs).

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CrimeandCriminalTrackingNetwork&Systems

CrimeandCriminalTrackingNetwork&Systems(CCTNS)MMPaimsatcreatingacomprehensiveandintegratedsystemforenhancingtheefficiencyandeffectivepolicingatalllevelsandespeciallyatthePoliceStationlevelthroughadoptionofprinciplesofeGovernance,andcreationofanationwidenetworkedinfrastructureforevolutionofITenabledstateofthearttrackingsystem.

PublicDistributionSystem

ComputerizationofthePDSisenvisagedasanendtoendprojectcoveringkeyfunctionalareassuchassupplychainmanagementincludingallocationandutilizationreporting,storageandmovementoffoodgrains,grievanceredressalandtransparencyportal,digitizationofbeneficiarydatabase,FairPriceShopautomation,etc.

Health

ICTforprogrammemanagementhasbeenundertakenbytheMinistryofHealth&FamilyWelfareintheMotherandChildTrackingSystem(MCTS)

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programmeandtheMinistryenvisagesamorecomprehensiveuseofICTincludingforHospitalInformationSystems,supplychainmanagementfordrugsandvaccines,providingICTtoolstoASHAandANMworkers,programmemanagementofNationalRuralHealthMission(NRHM),etcthroughthisMMP.

epanchayat

ThePanchayatiRajInstitutions(PRIs)aresaddledwiththeproblemsofinadequatephysicalandfinancialresources,technicalcapabilitiesandextremelylimitedcomputerization.Asaresult,thepotentialofPRIsasthepreferreddeliverychannelfortheschemesofStateandCentreaswellasforcitizenserviceshasnotbeenfullyrealized.WhilesomecomputerizationeffortsforPRIshavebeenmadebyNICovertheyears,theeGovernancerevolutionsweepingthecountryhasnottouchedthePRIsyetinsignificantmeasure.TheMinistryofPanchayatiRaj,GovernmentofIndiahasthereforedecidedtotakeupthecomputerizationofPRIsonamissionmodebasis.

eDistrict

eDistrictisoneofthe31MissionModeProjectsunderNationaleGovernancePlan(NeGP)withtheDIT,GoIbeingthenodalministry.Thisprojectaimsatprovidingsupporttothebasicadministrativeuniti.e.DistrictAdministrationbyundertakingbackendcomputerizationtoenableelectronicdeliveryofhighvolumecitizencentricgovernmentserviceswhichwouldoptimallyleverage

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andutilizethethreeinfrastructurepillarsofStateWideAreaNetworks(SWAN),StateDataCenters(SDC)andCommonServiceCenters(CSCs)todeliverservicestothecitizenathisdoorsteps.

NationalLandRecordsModernizationProgramme(NLRMP)

AProjectforComputerizationofLandRecords(CLR)waslaunchedin198889withtheintentiontoremovetheinherentflawsinthemanualsystemofmaintenanceandupdationofLandRecords.In199798,theschemewasextendedtotehsilstostartdistributionofRecordsofRightstolandownersondemand.Thefocusoftheentireoperationhasalwaysbeentoemploystateoftheartinformationtechnology(IT)togalvanizeandtransformtheexistinglandrecordssystemofthecountry.

IntegratedMissionModeProjects

eprocurement

MinistryofCommerce&Industry(DepartmentofCommerce)hasbeennominatedastheNodalMinistryforimplementationofeGovernmentProcurement(eGP)MissionModeProjects(MMP).ThevisionoftheeProcurementMMPisTocreateanationalinitiativetoimplementprocurementreforms,throughtheuseofelectronicGovernmentprocurement,soastomakepublicprocurementinallsectorsmoretransparentandefficient.

eCourts

TheeCourtMissionModeProject(MMP)wasconceptualizedwithavisiontotransformtheIndianjudiciarybymakinguseoftechnology.Theprojecthadbeendeveloped,followingthereportsubmittedbytheeCommitteeunderSupremeCourtonnationalpolicy&actionplanonimplementationofinformationcommunicationtoolsinIndianjudiciary.

Aclearobjectivetoreengineerprocessesandenhancejudicialproductivitybothqualitativelyandquantitativelytomakethejusticedeliverysystem

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affordable,accessible,costeffective,transparentandaccountable.

eBiz

TheeBizMissionModeProject,beingexecutedbyDepartmentofIndustrialPolicyandPromotion(DIPP),MinistryofCommerceandIndustry,GovernmentofIndia,wasconceptualizedwiththevision.ItsvisionisTotransformthebusinessenvironmentinthecountrybyprovidingefficient,convenient,transparentandintegratedelectronicservicestoinvestors,industriesandbusinessthroughoutthebusinesslifecycle.

CommonServicesCentres

TheCSCswouldprovidehighqualityandcosteffectivevideo,voiceanddatacontentandservices,intheareasofegovernance,education,health,telemedicine,entertainmentaswellasotherprivateservices.AhighlightoftheCSCsisthatitwillofferwebenabledegovernanceservicesinruralareas,includingapplicationforms,certificates,andutilitypaymentssuchaselectricity,telephoneandwaterbills.

RecentInitiatives

DirectCashtransfer

TofacilitatedisbursementsofGovernmententitlementslikeNREGA,SocialSecuritypension,HandicappedOldAgePensionetc.ofanyCentralorStateGovernmentbodies,usingAadhaarandauthenticationthereofassupportedbyUIDAI.

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AadharEnabledPaymentsystem(AEPS):

AEPSisabankledmodelwhichallowsonlineinteroperablefinancialinclusiontransactionthroughtheBusinesscorrespondentofanybankusingtheAadhaarauthentication.Thishashelpedinfinancialinclusion.ThefourAadhaarenabledbasictypesofbankingtransactionsareasfollows:

BalanceEnquiryCashWithdrawalCashDepositAadhaartoAadhaarFundsTransfer

DigitalIndiaprogram

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ThisprogrammehasbeenenvisagedbyDepartmentofElectronicsandInformationTechnology(DeitY).ThevisionofDigitalIndiaaimstotransformthecountryintoadigitallyempoweredsocietyandknowledgeeconomy.Theprogrammewillbeimplementedinphasesfromthecurrentyeartill2018.

TheDigitalIndiaistransformationalinnatureandwouldensurethatGovernmentservicesareavailabletocitizenselectronically.Itwouldalsobringinpublicaccountabilitythroughmandateddeliveryofgovernmentsserviceselectronically,aUniqueIDandePramaanbasedonauthenticandstandardbasedinteroperableandintegratedgovernmentapplicationsanddatabasis.

Theprogramaimsatprovidingdigitalinfrastructureasautilitytoeverycitizenaswellashighspeedinternetasacoreutilityinallgrampanchayats.TheoverallscopeofthisprogramistoprepareIndiaforaknowledgefuture,tomaketechnologycentraltoenablingchangeandtobecomeanumbrellaprogramcoveringmanydepartments

MyGovcitizenportal

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PrimeMinisterlaunchedanonlineplatformmygov.nic.intoengagecitizensinthetaskofgood

governance(surajya)ashecompleted60daysinofficeonSaturday.MyGovisatechnologydriven

platformthatwouldprovidepeoplewiththeopportunitytocontributetowardsgoodgovernance.

EKrantischeme

Thisisprojectforlinkingtheinternetwithremotevillagesinthecountry.Thisschemewillbroadenthereachofinternetservicestotheruralareasinthecountry.Thefundamentalfeaturesofthisschemewillbemakingtherecordshandytothegovernmentwithease.ItalsoincludesExpansionofinternetandcommencementofITbasedjobsinruralareas.Itwillalsoboosttheuseofmobilephonesandcomputersinruralareas.ItwillalsoexpandtheuseofITinagricultureandretailtradetoo.

DigitalCloudforeveryIndian

Certificatesissuedbythegovernmenteducation,residential,medicalrecords,birthcertificates,etc.aretobestoredinindividualdigitallockersandacommunicationprotocolestablishedforgovernmentdepartmentstoaccessthemwithoutphysicallyhavingtoseethehardcopy.Thepurposeof

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governmentisthatcopiesofcertificatesissuedbythegovernmentitselfnottobecarriedaroundbypeopletogovernmentofficesforvariousservices.

Mgovernance

MGovernanceisnotareplacementforeGovernance,ratheritcomplementseGovernance.MGovernance,istheuseofmobileorwirelesstoimproveGovernanceserviceandinformationanytime,anywhere.MobileapplicationsalsorelyongoodbackofficeICTinfrastructureandworkprocesses.Ithaspotentialofusingmobilephonesasinputdevicesincertainareaswherelastmileconnectivitybecomesissuesforsimpledatainputsofcriticalimportancefordecisionmakingingovernmentdepartments.

MGovernanceisnotanewconcept.TheprivatesectorhasbeengreatlyleveragingtheseofmobilephonesfordeliveryofvalueaddedservicesforthefollowingwhichhoweveraremostlySMSbased:Banking,Media,Airlines,Telecom,Entertainment,News,Sports,Astrology,andMovieTicketsEtc.

Mgovernancehasincreasedtheproductivityofpublicservicepersonnel,improvingthedeliveryofgovernmentinformationandservices,increasing

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channelsforpublicinteractionsandLowercostsleadingtohigherparticipationofpeople.

RecentthrusttomgovernanceisbeingprovidedthroughUSSDServicesUnstructuredSupplementaryServicesData(USSD)isasessionbasedserviceunlikesmswhichisstoreandforwardservice.Itcanbeusedbytheusertosendcommandtoanapplicationintextformat.USSDactsasatriggerfortheapplication

Governmentinitiativesformgovernance

MobileSeva

Itaimstoprovidegovernmentservicestothepeoplethroughmobilephonesandtablets.Ithasbeendevelopedasthecoreinfrastructureforenablingtheavailabilityofpublicservicesthroughmobiledevices.

MobileSevaenablestheintegrationofthemobileplatformwiththecommoneGovernanceinfrastructureconsistingofStateDataCenters(SDCs),StateWideAreaNetworks(SWANs),StateandNationalServiceDeliveryGateways(SSDGs/NSDG).

Itenablesagovernmentdepartmenttointegratebothwebandmobilebasedservicesseamlesslyandenhancestheaccesstoelectronicservicestremendouslyleveragingtheveryhighpenetrationofmobilephones,especiallyinruralareas

AMobileApplicationsStore(mAppStore)hasalsobeendevelopedbyDeitYaspartofMobileSeva.TheMobileGovernancePortalandthemAppStorecanbeaccessedathttp://mgov.gov.in/.ThemAppstorecurrentlyhostsover240livemobileapplications.Theliveapplicationscanbedownloadedandinstalledfreeofcostonamobilephonebyanyperson.

Theproject,mobilesevahaswonthesecondprizeattheprestigiousUnitedNationsPublicServicesAwardsinthecategoryPromotingWholeofGovernmentApproachesintheInformationAgeforAsiaPacific.

Afewyearsago,KeralalaunchedDr.SMS,anmhealthinformation

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system,forprovidinginformationonmedicalfacilitiesavailableinthelocalityoftheresident.Goafollowed,withamobilegovernanceinitiativeforissuingalertsforreceiptofgovernmentapplicationsandcomplaintsandstatustracking.NextcameMaharashtra.Itadoptedasimilartrafficmanagementsystemthroughmobilealerts.AlaudableinitiativelaunchedbytheGreaterHyderabadMunicipalCorporationinSeptembertriestousetechnologyinamobilephonebasedIntelligentGarbageMonitoringSystemenablessanitarysupervisorstoreportthestatusofcleaningofgarbagebinsthroughtheirGPSenabledmobilephones.Centralisedreportsaswellasthoseofindividualbinscanbegeneratedwiththesystem.

Advantagesofegovernance

FollowingaretheadvantagesofEGovernance

Speed:Technologymakescommunicationspeedier.Internet,Phones,CellPhoneshavereducedthetimetakeninnormalcommunication.

CostReduction:MostoftheGovernmentexpenditureisappropriatedtowardsthecostofstationary.Paperbasedcommunicationneedslotsofstationary,printers,computers,etc.whichcallsforcontinuousheavyexpenditure.InternetandPhonesmakescommunicationcheapersaving

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valuablemoneyfortheGovernment.

Transparency:UseofICTmakesgoverningprofesstransparent.AlltheinformationoftheGovernmentwouldbemadeavailableontheinternet.Thecitizenscanseetheinformationwhenevertheywanttosee.ButthisisonlypossiblewheneverypieceofinformationoftheGovernmentisuploadedontheinternetandisavailableforthepublictoperuse.Currentgoverningprocessleavesmanywaystoconcealtheinformationfromallthepeople.ICThelpsmaketheinformationavailableonlineeliminatingallthepossibilitiesofconcealingofinformation.

Accountability:OncethegoverningprocessismadetransparenttheGovernmentisautomaticallymadeaccountable.AccountabilityisanswerabilityoftheGovernmenttothepeople.ItistheanswerabilityforthedeedsoftheGovernment.AnaccountableGovernmentisaresponsibleGovernment.

Convenience:EGovernmentbringspublicservicestocitizensontheirscheduleandtheirvenue.

ImprovedCustomerService:EGovernmentallowstoredeployresourcesfrombackendprocessingtothefrontlineofcustomerservice.

Increasedaccesstoinformation:EGovernmentimprovestheaccessibilityofgovernmentinformationtocitizensallowingitbecomeanimportantresourceinthemakingthedecisionsthataffectdailylifeandsoithelpsinempowermentofcitizens

Disadvantagesofegovernance

Electronicgovernmentsalsoconsistoncertaindisadvantage.Themaindisadvantageofanelectronicgovernmentistomovethegovernmentservicesintoanelectronicbasedsystem.Thissystemlosesthepersontopersoninteractionwhichisvaluedbyalotofpeople.Inaddition,theimplementationofanegovernmentserviceisthat,withmanytechnologybasedservices,itisofteneasytomaketheexcuse(e.g.theserverhasgonedown)thatproblemswiththeserviceprovidedarebecauseofthe

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technology.Theimplementationofanegovernmentdoeshavecertainconstraints.Literacyoftheusersandtheabilitytousethecomputer,userswhodonotknowhowtoreadandwritewouldneedassistance.Anexamplewouldbetheseniorcitizens.Ingeneral,seniorcitizensdonothavemuchcomputereducationandtheywouldhavetoapproachacustomerserviceofficerforassistance.Andalsoincaseofruralpeople,itgivesscopeformiddleman,whodistorttheinformation.StudieshaveshownthatthereispotentialforareductionintheusabilityofgovernmentonlineduetofactorssuchastheaccesstoInternettechnologyandusabilityofservicesandtheabilitytoaccesstocomputersEventhoughthelevelofconfidenceinthesecurityofferedbygovernmentwebsitesarehigh,thepublicarestillconcernedoversecurity,fearofspamfromprovidingemailaddresses,andgovernmentretentionoftransactionorinteractionhistory.TherehasbeengrowingconcernabouttheprivacyofdatabeingcollectedaspartofUIDproject.ThesecurityofcyberspaceandmisuseofdataisstillholdingbackthecitizenstofulladaptationofAadharcard.

Challengesinegovernance

TherearelargenumbersofpotentialbarriersintheimplementationofeGovernance.Somehindranceinthepathofimplementation,likesecurity,unequalaccesstothecomputertechnologybythecitizen,highinitialcostforsettinguptheegovernmentsolutionsandresistancetochange.Challengesidentifiedastrust,resistancetochange,digitaldivide,costandprivacyandsecurityconcerns.

Trust

Trustcanbedefinedalongtwodimensions:asanassessmentofacurrentsituation,orasaninnatepersonalitytraitorpredisposition.Theimplementationofpublicadministrationfunctionsviaegovernmentrequiresthepresenceoftwolevelsoftrust.Thefirstisthattheusermustbeconfident,comfortableandtrustingofthetoolortechnologywithwhichtheywillinteract.Theseconddimensionoftrustpertainstotrustofthegovernment].

Therehastobeabalancebetweenensuringthatasystempreventsfraudulent

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transactionsandtheburdenthatextensivecheckscantakeplaceonpeoplewhoarehonest.

Recently,confidentialinformationonmilitaryveteranswascompromisedwhenacomputercontainingtheirpersonalinformationwaslost.Thistypeofincidentcanerodetrustanduserconfidenceingovernmentsystems.Trust,alongwithfinancialsecurity,aretwocriticalfactorslimitingtheadoptionofegovernmentservices.

Resistancetochange

Theinnovationdiffusiontheorystatesthatovertimeaninnovationwilldiffusethroughapopulation,andtherateofadoptionwillvarybetweenthosewhoadoptearly,referredtoasearlyadoptersandtothosewhoadopttheinnovationmuchlater,referredtoaslaggards.

TheresistanttochangephenomenoncanexplainmuchofthehesitationthatoccursonthepartofconstituentsinmovingfromapaperbasedtoaWebbasedsystemforinteractingwithgovernment.

Citizens,employeesandbusinessescanallhavetheirbiaseswithrespecttohowtransactionsshouldbeprocessed.However,governmententitiesandpublicpolicyadministratorscannotignorethechangesthatoccurasaresultoftheimplementationofinformationandcommunicationtechnology(ICT

Educationaboutthevalueofthenewsystemsisonesteptowardreducingsomeoftheexistingresistance.Itcanalsobeparticularlyusefulforaleaderormanager,tobuyintothenewsystematanearlystageintheadoptionprocess

DigitalDivide

Thedigitaldividereferstotheseparationthatexistsbetweenindividuals,communities,andbusinessesthathaveaccesstoinformationtechnologyandthosethatdonothavesuchaccess.

Social,economic,infrastructuralandethnolinguisticindicatorsprovideexplanationsforthepresenceofthedigitaldivide.

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Economicpovertyiscloselyrelatedtolimitedinformationtechnologyresources

Anindividuallivingbelowpovertylinedoesnotaffordacomputerforhimselftoharnessthebenefitsofegovernmentandotheronlineservices.Asthedigitaldividenarrows,broaderadoptionofegovernmentinthepublicdomainbecomespossible.Economicpovertyisnottheonlycauseofdigitaldivide.Itcanalsobecausedbythelackofawarenessamongthepeople.Evensomeoftheeconomicstablepeopledontknowaboutthescopeofegovernance.

Awarenesscanonlyhelptobringuserstothatservicedeliverychannelonce.Itcannotguaranteesustaineduseofthesystemunlessthesystemisalsodesignedinsuchawayastodeliversatisfactoryoutcome.Proceduresneedtobesimplifiedtodeliverconcretebenefitsandclearguidelinesprovidedtoencouragetheirusebytheactualendusersandreduceusersdependenceonmiddlemen/intermediaries

Cost

CostisoneofthemostimportantprohibitingfactorthatcomesinthepathofegovernanceimplementationparticularlyinthedevelopingcountrieslikeIndiawheremostofthepeoplelivingbelowthepovertyline.Electedofficersandpoliticiandontseemtobeinterestedinimplementingegovernance

PrivacyandSecurity

Therewillbethreebasiclevelsofaccessexistsforegovernmentstakeholders:noaccesstoaWebservicelimitedaccesstoaWebserviceorfullaccesstoaWebservice,howeverwhenpersonalsensitivedataexiststheformationofthesecurityaccesspolicyisamuchmorecomplexprocesswithlegalconsideration.Withtheimplementationofegovernmentprojects,effectivemeasuresmustbetakentoprotectsensitivepersonalinformation.Alackofclearsecuritystandardsandprotocolscanlimitthedevelopmentofprojectsthatcontainsensitiveinformationsuchasincome,medicalhistory.

Conclusion

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19Comments INSIGHTS AishwaryaSharma

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SyenaSamdrs 6monthsagoSeaofknowledge.Whatagreatcompilationofallthefactsandpoints.KudostoInsightsOnIndia.

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ShainaSingh 6monthsagoNotveryeffectivecoverage.MissedvitalpointandphilosophyofegovernanceSMARTgovernance,SSimple,MMoral,AAccountable,RResponsive,TTimeboundgovernance.

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WehaveseenhowtheconceptofegovernanceandmgovernancehasevolvedinIndianscenarioandhowmuchitisrequiredfortransparencyandaccountabilityonthepartofgovernmentandatthesametimeitisalsoatolltoincreasetheparticipationofpeopleinpolicymakingbyempoweringthemwiththerightinformationatrighttime.Thepenetrationofinternet,telecommunicationservicesinIndiahasincreasedinthelastdecadeandthisgivesarayofhopetothecitizensofIndiatofightwiththelongpersistingproblemsofpoverty,corruption,regionaldisparityandunemployment.Butatthesametime,duetoslowpaceofprojectcompletion,redtapeandresistancefromthesideofgovernmentemployeesandcitizenstoohasnotgiventhedesiredresult.

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boundgovernance.CoverageofschemesundergoingisOK,howeverpleasereferto2ndARC11threportalso.

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wellwisher 6monthsago>ShainaSinghlookatthissuerheroorabigzerodoonethingexammeiapneekpointkolikhaanasamjheeLOSERandIDIOT

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HarshitBansal 6monthsago>wellwisherButherpointabout2ndarc11reportisvalid.Youarewritingupscandtheyneedofficialviewormentionatleast.

HoweverSMARTgovernanceconceptisdifferentfromegovernance.Itissaidthategovernanceshouldbesmartaswell,butSMARTconceptsholdstrueforotherformsofgovernanceaswell.

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vineet amonthago>wellwisherPlzdonotturnthisforumintoauglysocialmediaspot...whatkindofpersonareu?suchascantregardformannerismasevidentinurcommentreflectsurpersonalityonly,preparationofthisexamismorethanmaterialsuccessinlifeorinCSE,itisaboutvision,wisdom,empathyandhumility...iamnotlecturingubutsurelyuneedtomendurwaysspeciallyhowtobehavewithladies.

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Ashmit 6monthsago>ShainaSinghitwouldbeveryniceofyou,ifyouaddwhateverhasbeenmissed...ifyouthinkitisimportant.

Maybeyourpointswillmakethisarticlericher!!

Thanksinadvance.

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Ranjith 6monthsagonicearticle:)

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Zombie 6monthsagoVrycomprehensivearticle....awesome

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raunak 6monthsago

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6/1/2015 EgovernanceinIndia:Concept,InitiativesandIssues|INSIGHTS

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raunak 6monthsagoExcellent!!Indebtedtotheauthor.Godbless

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liberty 6monthsagoGreatarticleforrevisingquicklythankyousir

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ROHITKUMARPATEL 5monthsagoexcelent

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SarojitPal 6monthsagoCanyoupleasegetridoftheimagesintheprintpage,paperconsumptionwillbefarlesserinthatcase.

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guest 6monthsagoQ:governancein'e'and'e'ingovernanceboththisstatementarecontractionallyorsimilar.ellustrate

plzzzguysdocomment

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manny 6monthsagoNicearticle

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bha14 6monthsagowelldone,insightsteam!

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Tamil_Magan 6monthsagoTodayonlyreadyourarticlesforthefirsttime,amfollowingmrunal.org.Frommypointofview,heisbestatcurrenteventsandclearcuttopics.YouaregoodatthesekindofcriticletopicswhichevenHinduFrontline...noonecanexplainlikeyou.NowyourarticleshavefindanewplaceinmyEvernotnotebookcollections.Thanksalot.

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Imkalam 6monthsagothebest.

Ayan 6monthsagoNicecomposition...Butifound1linetobeveryfunnyinurarticle...Ingeneral,seniorcitizensdonothavemucheducation...Haha...isthatso...

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6/1/2015 EgovernanceinIndia:Concept,InitiativesandIssues|INSIGHTS

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Reply Haha...isthatso...

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Eklavya 6monthsago>AyanItsabouttheirComputerknowledge....whatsfunnyinthat?Thatistrue...justlookaroundyourselfinthesociety!

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