E-0. The sudden slipping or movement of portions of the Earths crust against one another –Caused...

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• The sudden slipping or movement of portions of the Earth’s crust against one another– Caused by a sudden release of stresses– Usually less than 25 miles below the

surface

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An Earthquake is…An Earthquake is…

Aftershocks: These are earthquakes which follow the largest shock. They can continue for weeks, months and even years

Epicenter: The point on the Earth’s surface above the point deep in the Earth’s crust where an earthquake occurs

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Earthquake Terms to KnowPart 1Earthquake Terms to KnowPart 1

Fault: A fracture or crack along which two blocks of rock slide past each other

Magnitude: The amount of energy released at the epicenter by the earthquake – measured using various scales (ex. Richter scale)

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Earthquake Terms to KnowPart 2Earthquake Terms to KnowPart 2

• Small: 5.0 to 5.9• Moderate: 6.0 to 6.9• Major: 7.0 to 7.9• Great: 8.0

or greater

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Richter ScaleRichter Scale

Seismologists: Scientists who study earthquakes, their causes, and effects

Seismographs: Instruments that make an automatic record of the time, duration, direction, and intensity of earthquakes.

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Earthquake Terms to KnowPart 3Earthquake Terms to KnowPart 3

• Collapsed buildings• Damage to utilities, structures, and

roads• Fires and explosions• Structural

instability, e.g., dams

• Landslides and debris flows

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Earthquake DamageEarthquake Damage

• Greatest likelihood–Western United States‒ San Andreas Fault‒Western Oregon and Washington‒Alaskan coast

– New Madrid Fault Zone in Missouri– Few pockets on East Coast‒Coastal South Carolina‒New England

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Likelihood of an EarthquakeLikelihood of an Earthquake

• 75 million Americans in 39 states face significant risk

• Residents of California face the highest risk (17 million people) followed by residents of western Washington State

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Earthquake StatisticsEarthquake Statistics

• Colorado has less earthquake activity than states like California but is still susceptible

• We have had over 400 magnitude 2.5 or higher earthquakes since 1867

• The largest earthquake experienced here was estimated at magnitude 6.6 in 1882 in North-Central CO

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Likelihood of an Earthquakein ColoradoLikelihood of an Earthquakein Colorado

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Trinidad Earthquake - 2011 Trinidad Earthquake - 2011

Secure your space - •Store and secure heavy or breakable objects on low shelves•Secure bookshelves and water heaters•Move beds away from windows

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Earthquake PreparednessStep 1: Secure it Earthquake PreparednessStep 1: Secure it

Secure your space - •Secure heavy pieces of unstable furniture to the ground or walls•Move or secure hanging objects over beds, sofas, or chairs•Put latches on cabinet doors

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Earthquake Preparedness Step 1: Secure it Cont.Earthquake Preparedness Step 1: Secure it Cont.

• Develop home earthquake plan– Think about safe places in your home,

school and/or work

• Conduct earthquake drills• Develop plan for reuniting family

members• Develop family communication plan• Keep supplies on hand

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Earthquake PreparednessStep 2: Make a planEarthquake PreparednessStep 2: Make a plan

- Create an emergency kit, which includes enough supplies for each member of your family, including:- Food- Water- Clothing,- Flashlights- First aid kits

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Earthquake PreparednessStep 3: Make a checklist or 3 day kit

Earthquake PreparednessStep 3: Make a checklist or 3 day kit

- Other items you may want to include are- NOAA weather radio- Extra batteries- Whistle- Dust masks- Personal sanitary items- Maps- Eating utensils

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Earthquake PreparednessStep 3: Make a checklist or 3 day kit

Earthquake PreparednessStep 3: Make a checklist or 3 day kit

Check out readycolorado.com for more help making a kit or creating a checklist specific to your family, including pets!

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Earthquake PreparednessStep 3: Make a checklist or 3 day kit

Earthquake PreparednessStep 3: Make a checklist or 3 day kit

- Check for vulnerable pipes, and install flexible pipes where possible

- Check your home’s foundation- Fix unreinforced masonry

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Earthquake PreparednessStep 4: Make your home safer

Earthquake PreparednessStep 4: Make your home safer

DROP

Drop down to the Floor

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During an EarthquakeStep 5: Drop, Cover and Hold on!

During an EarthquakeStep 5: Drop, Cover and Hold on!

COVERTake cover by getting under a sturdy desk, table or other stable piece of

furniture. If this is not possible, cover your head and neck with your arms and

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During an EarthquakeStep 5: Drop, Cover and Hold on!

During an EarthquakeStep 5: Drop, Cover and Hold on!

HOLD

Hold on and stay in that position until the shaking stops

and it is safe to move.

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During an EarthquakeStep 5: Drop, Cover and Hold on!

During an EarthquakeStep 5: Drop, Cover and Hold on!

• If you are outdoors, find a spot away from buildings, trees, streetlights, power lines, and overpasses

• If you are on the sidewalk near a building, duck under a doorway to protect yourself from falling debris

• If you are in a vehicle, drive to clear spot and stop– Stay in the vehicle until shaking is over

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During an EarthquakeStep 5: Drop, Cover and Hold on!

During an EarthquakeStep 5: Drop, Cover and Hold on!

• If you are in a stadium stay in your seat, crouch down, and protect your head and neck

• If you are in a crowded store or other public space move away from display shelves. Do not rush for the exit!

• If you are in a tall building, move against an interior wall and protect your head and neck. Do not use elevators!

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During an EarthquakeStep 5: Drop, Cover and Hold on!

During an EarthquakeStep 5: Drop, Cover and Hold on!

– Check yourself for injuries and protect yourself from further danger before helping others• Consider becoming certified in First Aid, and

CPD/AED before a disaster happens• Identify hazards such as damaged gas,

water, sewage, and electrical lines – stay away from these!

– Prepare yourself for possible aftershocks– Begin following your disaster

preparedness plan

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Recovering from an earthquakeStep 6: Check it out

Recovering from an earthquakeStep 6: Check it out

If you are trapped under debris –-Do not light a match-Cover your mouth with a handkerchief or clothing-Avoid kicking up dust-Tap on a pipe or wall so rescuers can find you or use a whistle if available

- Try not to should unless it is a last resort, in order to avoid breathing in large amounts of dust

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Recovering from an earthquakeStep 6: Check it out

Recovering from an earthquakeStep 6: Check it out

– Tune to Emergency Alert System (EAS) through a radio to keep up to date with updates and safety information

– Notify an out of area contact, then stay off the phone. Text only.

– Help neighbors–Wear shoes to protect yourself from

glass and other sharp objects– Be ready for possible aftershocks

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Recovering from an earthquakeStep 7: Communicate and Recover

Recovering from an earthquakeStep 7: Communicate and Recover

Inspect home for damage if there are no immediate hazards are present

• Check appliances for damage• Switch off electrical power if there is damage to

electrical wiring• Check gas lines for damage, turn off the main gas

valve outside if a gas leak is suspected• Check the building for cracks and other damage• Check to see that water and sewage lines are intact• Check water and food supplies• Check closets and cupboards (be careful, items

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Recovering from an earthquakeStep 7: Communicate and Recover

Recovering from an earthquakeStep 7: Communicate and Recover

– Extinguish small fires

– Clean up spills

– Do not use your car unless absolutely necessary, or until you are given the ok by responders

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Recovering from an earthquakeStep 7: Communicate and Recover Cont.

Recovering from an earthquakeStep 7: Communicate and Recover Cont.

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Questions