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Drug & Supplement Use in Sport
Don’t Wait ‘til URINE TroubleIllinois Wesleyan University
September 9, 2007
Program Overview
Social use drugsPerformance-
enhancing substances
NCAA regulations & drug testing
Q & A
Who is Drug Free Sport?
Official administrator of NCAA Drug Testing Programs
Policy consultingEducational
programmingDrug TestingLabCollection
www.drugfreesport.com
Who am I?• Kathy Schniedwind
• Certified Athletic Trainer
• Head Athletic Trainer Division I College Athletics
• Past College Athlete
• NCAA Competitive Safeguards past committee member
Ultimate Goal of All Collegiate Athletes
USA Today’s 4th Worst Job
5th Iditarod Sled Dog4th Drug Tester3rd Rodeo Clown
Student-Athlete = Student 1st
College StudentsUsing Drugs At Least Once Within last 30 Days:
Alcohol 70%Tobacco 35%Marijuana 20%
Consequences from Drug Use
Hangover 60%Nauseated or Vomited 49%Did Something Regretted 36%Drove Car while Impaired 34%Missed a Class 30%Argument or Fight 29%Criticized Someone 28%Memory Loss 28%
Marijuana Effects
short-term memory eye-hand coordination muscle strength attention span respiratory problems
•Banned substance
•Easily Detected in testing
It’s illegal…makes you stupid when using…can ruin your collegiate career & mess up your future if you get caught!!
Prescription Drugs for ADHD
7% use without Rx 20 x more likely to use
cocaine With alcohol creates “Wide-
Awake Drunk”
5 x more likely to drink heavily & drive
New warnings aboutsudden deathheart problemspsychiatric issues
2004 Drug-related ER Visitsreport by Drug Abuse Warning Network
050
100150200250300350400450500
Coke, Meth,Illicit
Stimulants
Marijuana Non-medicalRx Use
ER visits per100,000
Athletes at higher risk
Why?
Expected to avoidRole models Leaders, Social
IconsAlso risk takers Peer pressure?
…of alcohol, spit tobacco, steroid & supplement use
NCAA 2005 Substance Use Study
Social Drug Use – By Gender
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Male Female
AlcoholMarijuanaSpit TobaccoCigarettes
Alcohol Effects on Athletic Performance
Most abused drug by athletesDiuretic DEHYDRATIONCauses B vitamin deficiency
affecting conversion of hormone precursors into androgenic training hormones
Depletes vital nutrients Training effect up to 14 days Reaction time up to 12
hours after consumption
Athletes & Binge DrinkingAthletes binge drink more
than non-athletesConsequences: academic problems unacceptable behavior poor athletic performancehealth problems
Over 60% of male NCAA athletes have 10 or more drinks in one sitting!!!
NCAA 2005 Substance Use Study
Among Drinkers – 10 or more Drinks per Sitting
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1997 2001 2005
MaleFemale
NCAA 2005 Substance Use Study
Patterns of Spit Tobacco Use
0
5
10
15
20
25
1997 2001 2005
Athletes
NCAA Tobacco Ban at practices, games, & any athletically related events
Performance-Enhancing Drugs/Substances
Anabolic AgentsStimulantsDietary
SupplementsPeptide HormonesDiuretics (weight loss,
dilution of urine)
Anabolic Steroids
Performance-enhancingIllegalRisky to healthAgainst the rulesOver 100 types
Anabolic Steroids
Anabolic & AndrogenicSynthetic substances
related to male sex hormone testosterone
Not corticosteroids such as prednisone
Oral, injected, gels, creams, patches, lozenges
Schedule III controlled substances
Possession or distribution – federal penalties
Anabolic SteroidsWhat are the
consequences?Male pattern baldnessTendon ruptureAcne and cystsSecretive about useRage & ManiaSuicidal thoughtsTesticular shrinkage ImpotenceMenstrual irregularitiesClitoris enlargementAddictiveLiver dysfunction & Infections
from needles (AIDS)Heart attacks & Death
Stimulants
AmphetaminesEphedrineSynephrineCaffeineADHD drugsOther… cocaine,
methamphetamine., etc.
EphedrineC-V & CNS Stimulant: Irregular heart beat Increased heart rate, BP,
TemperatureDehydratingTremors, stroke and death
Statistics:16,000 related health issuesOver 155 deaths Now illegal to sell as
ingredient in dietary supplements
Caffeine & Synephrine
C-V & CNS stimulant All plant derived herbal
stimulantsFound in many OTC
drugs and supplementsIncreases heart rate,
body temperature, blood pressure
Leads to dehydration
Peptide Hormones
Human Growth Hormone (hGH)
Insulin-like Growth Hormone (IGF-1)
Erythropoietin (EPO)
Dietary Supplements
Muscle BuildersEnergy EnhancersEndurance IncreasersWeight Loss EnhancersWeight Gain EnhancersWorkout RecoveryPre-Workout Prep Joint Health
Dietary Supplements
Effective?
Safe?
Dosage Accuracy?
Pure?
US Dietary Supplement Health and
Education Act of 1994:
Dietary Supplement Facts
Out of over 100 NCAA + drug tests in 1-year, the majority were from supplement use.
Almost all lost at least one year of eligibility.
More expensive calorie for calorie than the food they might replace.
Labels are misleading & salespeople lie to you.
Prohormones
Anabolic Steroid Law
Now lists dozens of precursors as Schedule III Substances
ILLEGAL to use or POSSESS DEA can now add others
without changing law Still being sold illegally!!
Sold legally as dietary supplements until January 2005
Many still contain high quantities of caffeine & synephrine
Synephrine known as (Bitter Orange)
Several NCAA + tests
What about the New “Ephedra Free”Versions?
Energy DrinksNOT A SPORTS
DRINK!Contains stimulants Increases HR & BPDiuretic =
DehydrationCan cause + testAlcohol further
contributes to problems
Contains banned substances!
Over 400 mg.
300 mg caffeine
Choose Food Over Supplements
Costs less than supplements
Proteins, Carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals & water
High dose supplements & a crappy diet = $$$ Urine!!
Diet SurveyDo you fuel up pre-
& post-exercise?Do you consume
some CHO, protein, & fat with every meal?
Do you optimally hydrate?
Do you eat more than once a day?
Do you feel energized all week, or are you extremely fatigued by the weekend?
Eat for Performance
Eat on regular basis
Eat within 1 hour of waking
Eat every 3-4 hours throughout the day
Eat something both pre- and post- exercise
Eat for Performance
Carbohydrates fight fatigue
Stay hydrated with Sports drinks or water during workouts
Protein –To help gain massCan add up to 30
grams dayAdd 4oz. lean meat
to meal
Protein Don’ts
Excess only increases fat mass
Don’t waste $ on amino acids – no benefit
Don’t eat protein alone – mix with carbohydrates
To increase weight – eat food more often!
So… should you be studying for your next drug test?
NCAA Drug Testing Program Update
D3 Championship testing only right now
Year-round Pilot program begins 8/07 (80 schools/2 years)
20 athletes chosen randomly
Test for all banned substances
Aggregate results reporting only (no sanctions)
NCAA Banned Drugs and Supplements
Stimulants (e.g., amphetamine, ephedrine, synephrine, Ritalin, Ecstasy)
Anabolic agents (e.g., andro, THG)
Peptide hormones (human growth, EPO)
Street drugs (i.e., heroin and marijuana)
Diuretics and urine manipulators
Anti-Estrogens
What about a Banned Substance if it is
Prescribed?Maybe…StimulantsBeta blockersDiureticsAnti-EstrogensPeptide hormones
(approval upfront)NOT for anabolic
steroidsMedical documentation
from attending physician
Legitimate needSchool must be aware
Banned or Not Banned?
Sports Medicine Staff Resource Exchange
Center
Web Search: www.drugfreesport.co
m/rec
Password:
ncaa3
Hotline:
877/202-0769
Breach of Drug Testing Protocol
Missing a test, tampering, adulterating, diluting, etc…
Shows bad intentCounts as a positive
testCounts as a steroid
positive
Sanction ChangesNCAA Sanctions• Maximum = 1 calendar
year & lose a season of competition
• May reduce penalty to next 50% if
• Athlete proves “no significant fault”
Sanction by Outside NGB• National & international
doping suspension following WADA Code
• Shall not compete in NCAA competition for the period of the suspension
A Lot of People Think They Can Beat a Drug
Test
Internet/BooksAdulterantsDilutionSubstitution
Sports Drug Testing Procedures Prevent
Cheating Observed CollectionsCrew member of
same genderRinse hands prior (and
post! )
Provide sample in full view
Athlete maintains security of beaker/sample
Collection Procedures
Collector will determine specimen adequacy by measuring:
urine concentrationusing refractometer
pH using reagent strips
Drug Test Study Skills
Don’t use banned
substancesDon’t use
supplements that might contain banned substances
Contact the RECTalk to athletic
trainer or coach firstDon’t trust sales
staff or magazine ads
Questions
Web Search:
www.drugfreesport.com/rec
Password: ncaa3Hotline:
877/202-0769
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