Drones - TRIBGROUP TAMUrotorlab.tamu.edu/me489/lectures_FA11/TheRamRod on Drones.pdfUAV Drones Team...

UAV Drones Team RamRod:

Tyler BarryJames Bohn

Daniel RamirezHari ShresthaArlo Swanson

Garret Wilbanks

O tliOutline

I d iIntroduction

History

Technology and ApplicationsCurrentFFuture

Economics and Marketability

Conclusion

http://dronewarsuk.files.wordpress.com/2010/06/predator-firing-missile4.jpg

Th E i t A ti lThe Economist Article“Joining the Drone Club”

• Definition

• Domestic / International

• Small, cheap, portable for soldiers• Smaller = faster deployment, mission

• Versatile and interactive

• Small attacks

http://www.economist.com/node/21526053

VidVideos

S ll S l UAVSmall Scale UAV

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_r6yBJnhgz8

Large Scale UAVg S U

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GjcNXfCDRIc

History of Drones Perley’s Aerial Bomber, 1863•Ineffective

y

Ineffective•Dangerous•An early attemptEddy’s Surveillance Kite Eddy s Surveillance Kite, 1898•Based off of Douglas Archibald’s kite of 1883Archibald s kite of 1883•Camera’s shutter attached to a string•Provided information to Provided information to American forces about enemy troops and fortifications

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/spiesfly/uavs_01.htmlhttp://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/spiesfly/uavs_02.html

History of DronesHistory of DronesDH.82B Queen Bee, 1935 – 1947

Radio-controlled

Could fly up to 17,000 feet at over 100 MPH for 300 miles

First returnable and reusable UAV

PB4Y-1, 1944

Converted PB4Y-1 Liberator

Radio-controlled and TV-guided

Designed to take out V-1’sDangerous, but successfulFirst time UAV’s were used against other UAV’s

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/spiesfly/uavs_05.htmlhttp://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/spiesfly/uavs_08.html

History of DronesHistory of DronesAQM-34 Ryan Firebee, 1964-1975

Air-launched and controlled from a host airplanehost airplane

34,000 recon missions performed over SouthEast Asia

Reliable: 83% used in the Vietnam War were reused multiple times

Pioneer, 1980’s

USA acquired 20 from Israel; first modern UAV in their fleet

Designed to take off from carriers or Designed to take off from carriers or crude runways

Provided recon on mobile high-priority targets

http://science.howstuffworks.com/reaper1.htmhttp://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/spiesfly/uavs_09.htmlhttp://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/spiesfly/uavs_14.html

Small UAVsAdvantages vs. Disadvantages

T i i iTraining time

Flight time

Range

WeaponsWeapons

Cost

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Raven_UAV.jpg

AeroVironment RQ-11 RavenAeroVironment RQ-11 RavenSpecifications:

Wingspan: 55in

Length: 36in

Weight: 4.2lbs

Engine: Aveox 27/26/7-AV electric motorEngine: Aveox 27/26/7 AV electric motor

Speed: 28-60mph

R 6 2 iRange: 6.2mi

Endurance: 60-90 min

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AeroVironment_RQ‐11_Ravenhttp://states.ng.mil/sites/MA/News/Pages/Military%20Police%20Take%20to%20the%20Skies.aspxhttp://www.avinc.com/uas/adc/raven/

Current UsesCurrent Uses

A i l I lliAerial Intelligence

Surveillance

Target acquisition

ReconnaissanceReconnaissance

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RQ‐11_Raven_2.jpghttp://www.globalsecurity.org/intell/systems/raven.htm

Large DronesLarge Drones

RQ-1, MQ-1 and MQ-9, Manufactured by General Atomics yAeronautical Systems (Specially for military actions)

RQ-4 Global Hawk , Firebird Manufactured by Northrop Grumman (Specially for Surveillance)

Credit: Northrop Grumman Credit: Northrop Grumman

UAV Communication

A ’ d k 1 2 d h An operator’s command takes 1.2 seconds to reach the drone via a satellite link

How Does

the the UAV

work?

MQ-1 MQ-91. Rotax 914F turbocharged f li d i 115

1. Honeywell TP331-10 t b i 950 SHP four-cylinder engine, 115

hp (86 kW)turboprop engine, 950 SHP (712 kW)

2 140 mph (225 km/h) 2 300 mph (482 km/h)2. 140 mph (225 km/h) 2. 300 mph (482 km/h)

3. 2 Hellfire Missiles 3. 14 Hellfire missiles

4. Wingspan: 48.7 ft (14.8m) 4. Wingspan: 66 ft (20m). W gspa : 8. t ( .8 )Height: 6.9 ft (2.1 m)Empty weight: 1,130 lb(512 kg)Max takeoff weight: 2 250 lb

. W gspa : 66 t ( 0 )Height: 12.5 ft (3.6 m)Empty weight: 3,700 lb (2200 kg)Max takeoff weight: 2,250 lb

(1021 kg)kg)Max takeoff weight: 10,500 lb(4760 kg)

The edges of the wings are titanium and are dotted with microscopic weeping holes that allow an ethylene glycol microscopic weeping holes that allow an ethylene glycol

solution to seep out of internal reservoirs and breakdown ice that forms on the wings during flight.

AdvantagesReal time imagery, assistance for ground force

Natural disaster for the surveillance of survivors

Atmospheric and scientific research

T t blTransportable

DisadvantagesgCivilians death

Lightweight susceptible to high winds and precipitationLightweight, susceptible to high winds and precipitation

Loss of respect for foreign soldiers

Decision Making Issues

F t D l tFuture DevelopmentsReplace existing aerial fighting p g g gforce with drones

Allows pilots to be safer

Different drones for different uses

http://www.techxilla.com/2010/03/01/the-hidden-birds-uavs-will-change-the-future-of-warfare/

Hi h Altit d L E dHigh Altitude, Long Endurance5 year durationy

Equipped with sophisticated surveillance equipment

Cheaper than satellites

http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/39313306/ns/technology_and_science-tech_and_gadgets/t/solar-powered-uav-can-stay-aloft-years/http://air-attack.com/page/17/Helios-solar-powered-UAV.html

F t S ll S l DFuture Small Scale DronesHover Capabilitiesp

Easier to use

R i littl t i iRequires very little training

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miniature_UAV

E i d M k t bilitEconomics and Marketability

R P dRaven Predator

Assembly Field-assembly Complex manufacturing

Controls Video- game like Exhaustive 32 week pilotpiloting training

Fuel Rechargeable battery Liquid aerospace fuel

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AeroVironment_RQ-11_Ravenhttp://www.economist.com/node/21526053

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predator_drone

E i d M k t bilitEconomics and Marketability

R P dRaven Predator

Unit cost $56,000 $5,000,000

Operational Cost Negligible $5,000/hour

System Cost $250,000 $40,000,000

Adaptability Used globally Used by US for highly specialized missions

Marketability Sold to allies Limited sharingat a premium

C l iConclusion

D th f t f d ill d fDrones are the future of unmanned surveillance and warfare

Different types and sizes of drones yield different mission-specific results as well as different cost-effectiveness specific results as well as different cost effectiveness outcomes

Currently, the military at large will continue to place orders for small drones like the raven, while more specialized missions, such as those conducted by the DoD or CIA require a more heavy-duty drone

Each type of drone will find its place in an evolving technological, political, and economic battlefield

http://www.ubergizmo.com/2010/07/global-hawk-uav-isnt-just-for-the-military/