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COST ESTIMATION
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Department of Public Works and Highways
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Cost Estimation Process
The Cost EstimationProcess as it evolves tospecific stages of projectdevelopment.
Planning Design Procurement
Identify and PrepareFeasibility Studies
and PreliminaryDesign
PerformDetailed Design
PrepareBidding
Documents
Receiveand
EvaluateBids
BBPEE BBDEE Estimate forthe ABC
Planning Service, PMO-Feasibility Studies
Implementing OfficesPMOs, ROs and DEOs
POCW with the assistancefrom PMOs, ROs, DEOs
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Cost Estimation Process
Review/Study Design Drawings
Data Collection Field Surveys
Labor Equipment Materials Materials Sources Labor
Evaluation/processing of DataPay Item Quantity
Calculation (Bill
of Quantities)
Cost Estimate
Unit Price Analysis
Construction Pay
Items Unit Rates
Maintenance Unit
Rates
Maintenance
Activities
Project CostMaintenance Cost
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Project Estimate Components BBPEE BBDEE ABCA. Direct Cost ! ! !Materials ! ! !Labor ! ! !Equipment ! ! !Dayworks !Per DO 46 s2007Provisional Sum !Per DO 46 s2007B. Indirect Cost Per DO 57 s2002 Per DO 57 s2002 Per DO 57 s2002OCM ! ! !Profit ! ! !Mobilization/Demobilization ! ! !C. VAT 12% (A+B) 12% (A+B) 12% (A+B)D. Total Civil Works Cost A+B+C A+B+C A+B+CE. Contingency 10% of D 10% of D 5% of D
F. Engineering Costs Per NEDA Per NEDADetailed Engineering 4-6% (D+E)Construction Supervision* 8-10% (D+E) 8-10% (D+E)*
Administrative Cost 3.5% (D+E) 3.5% (D+E)G. Feasibility Cost (Optional for Pre-FS) 1-3% (D+E)H. IROW Acquisition Cost ! !I. Total Estimated Project Cost D+E+F+G+H D+E+F+G+H D+E
Project Estimation Phase
*Construction Supervision only applies to foreign-assisted projects
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Work type proposed improvement works of the project Location of the project includes terrain types andembankment and aggregate material sources
Design plans and specification working drawings andDPWH Standard Specifications Vol. II, Ed. 2004
Equipment rental rates ACEL Guidebook, ed. 22, yr.2003
Labor rates and fringe benefits DOLE, Regional WageBoard, SSS, Philhealth, Pag-Ibig, & bonus
Construction Materials List and Material Sources Map DPWH Department Orders DOs relevant to cost
estimation
NEDA Circular Circular/memo relevant to costestimation
Basic Consideration or Basis of Cost Estimate
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Unit Price Analysis
Two Main Parts:
Direct Cost Labor Materials Equipment
Indirect Cost (% of Direct Cost as defined in DO 57) OCM (overhead, contingency & miscellaneous) profit Mobilization/Demobilization
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Unit Price Analysis
Elements of the Direct Cost Labor
basic wage fringe benefits bonuses social security & other social charges
Equipment bare hourly & rental operating cost fuels & lubricants repairs & maintenance labor
Materials labor equipment
processing & transport
Production Rate
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Unit Price Analysis
Labor Categories
Labor Category Labor Index
1. Foreman, construction2.
Leadman
3. Operator, Heavy4. Operator, Light5. Labor, Highly Skilled6. Driver7. Labor, Skilled8. Labor, Unskilled
1.80
1.651.50
1.40
1.40
1.30
1.30
1.00
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Basic Labor Rates Calculation
Monthly Wages based on 314 days per year, 8 hours per day (Basic DailyWage x (314/12))
Leave, vacation and sick = Basic Monthly Pay / 12 Bonus, 13th Month Pay = Basic Monthly Pay / 12 SSS, Medicare, Employer's Compensation = Amount Representing
Employer's Contribution, Graduated Scale
Pag-ibig, Employer's Compensation = Amount Representing Employer'sContribution, (2% of Basic Monthly Wage or P100 max.)
Rate per Hour = Total rate per month x (12/314/8)
Unit Price Analysis
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Unit Price Analysis
Take the value ofnon-agriculturalsector
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Unit Price Analysis
Take the values under thecolumn of total monthlycontributions in reference
with range of compensation
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Unit Price Analysis
Take the values under thecolumn of total monthlycontributions
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Unit Price Analysis
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Equipment Category Sample Equipments
Earthmoving equipmentCompaction equipmentLifting equipmentExcavating equipmentFoundation equipmentAsphalting equipmentConcreting equipmentHauling equipmentAir equipmentPumping equipmentPower generating equipmentShop equipmentSpecial support equipmentMiscellaneous equipmentPlantsOffshore equipmentCable stringing equipmentOthers
wheel loader, grader, tractor dozervibratory steel drum, plate compactorcranes, forkliftsbackhoe, trencherspile vibratory driver, pile hammer, drill rigasphalt paver/finisher, asphalt distributorpaver/finisher, mixer, transit mixerdump truck, cargo truck, trailercompressor, pneumatic breakers handheldsubmersible pump, diaphragm pumpgenerator setwelding machine, shop machinetruck water wagon/pumpjoint sealer, rebar cutter/benderasphalt concrete plant, concrete batching plantdredger, crane barge, tugboatcable tensioner/puller, splicing machinechip spreader, power broom
Unit Price Analysis
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Equipment Unit Rate Analysis
Basic Calculation
Bare Month Rental Bare monthly rate 200h/mo. Repair & Miscellaneous
Repair - 6.3% of Bare Rental Spare Parts 5.1% of Bare Rental Miscellaneous 0.6% of Bare Rental
Fuel Fuel Price/lit.xHPx0.1514 Oil & Lubricant Price/lit.xHPx0.003
Labor Operator or driver Labor rate/hr
Unit Price Analysis
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Unit Price Analysis
Sample calculation of
adjusted equipment
rates in spreadsheet
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Materials Category Sample Materials
Commercial Materials
Contractors processed materials
Portland CementReinforcing Steel Bars (RSB or Rebars)LumberPlywoodTie WireStructural SteelCommon Wire Nails (CWN) assorted sizesEmulsified Asphalt (SS-1)Cut-Back Asphalt (MC-70/MC-250)Asphalt Cement Penetration 85/100Joint SealerReflective PaintsMetal Beam Guard Rails,Guard End PiecesReflective Pavement Stud (raised or low profile)Fuel (Diesel/gasoline/premium gasolineLubricantsReinforced Concrete Pipe Culvert (RCPC)Base/Subbased Courses
Unit Price Analysis
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Unit Price Analysis
Sample of contractors process
materials
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Unit Price AnalysisHauling Unit Rate Analysis
Basic Consideration Terrain type Road condition Dump truck capacity Selection of loader capacity, output, bucket fill factor and operating
factor (to estimate loader production rate) Material type Cycle time
Loader Load bucket and shift gears
Turn and dump the load
Travel distance and time from dumping to loading position and return tothe loading position
TotalCycleTime,
T
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Hauling Unit Rate Analysis (cont.)
Cycle time Dump Truck
Average hauling distance
Terrain type
Loading time Loaded travel time
Initial traveled distance during acceleration
Succeeding traveled distance at an average speed
Final speed at a distance until it stops
Unload and maneuver
Return empty
Same as loaded but at a greater speed
Allowance for delay
Number of dump truck trips, n
Unit Price Analysis
TotalCycleTime,
T
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Unit Price AnalysisHauling Unit Rate Analysis (cont.)
Number of dump trucks
Average hauling output
Total hauling cost per hour Equipment
1 Wheel loader, ___ m3/hr -------------- _____ P/hr
N Dump trucks, ___ m3------------------ _____ P/hr
Labor1 Leadman, rate --------------------------- _____ P/hr
2 Laborers, rate --------------------------- _____ P/hr
Total Cost per hour _____ P/hr
Total unit cost per m3, (loose volume)
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Sample of hauling cost analysis using spreadsheet
Unit Price Analysis
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Production Rate Derivation of a Pay Item
Unit Price Analysis
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Unit Price Analysis
Elements of the Indirect Cost
Profit contractors profit Overhead Expenses
Office Expenses (office equipment and supplies) Engineering and Administrative Cost Transportation allowances Contractors All Risk Insurance Premiums on Bid Security and Performance Security Premium/charges/fees on credit lines
Contingencies Miscellaneous Expenses Laboratory Tests Other expenses
Mobilization/Demobilization
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Estimated
Direct Cost(EDC)
Indirect Cost % for OCM
and Profit (MaximumRanges) % Cost for
Mob/Demob(Maximum)
TotalMaximumIndirect
Cost % forOCM, Profit
and Mob/
Demob
OCM (% of
EDC)
Profit (% of
EDC)
Up to P1Million 13 15 1 29
Above P1M to
P5M12 14 1 27
Above P5M to
P10M12 13 1 26
Above P10M to
P20M11 12 1 24
Above 20M to
P50M11 11 1 23
Above P50M 10 10 1 21
Unit Price AnalysisDO 57s 2002
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Unit Price Analysis
Cost Currency Components:
Foreign Cost Component imported equipment & spare parts foreign currency component of locally goods
& services wages of expatriate personnel foreign overheads & profits
Local Cost Component local materials
equipment & supplies wages, local supervision transport & freight overhead & profits
Tax Component revenue for the government derived from each item
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Cost Component of Selected Construction Items
Unit Price Analysis
DescriptionComponents
Foreign Local Tax
(%) (%) (%)
Heavy Equipment
Light Equipment
Reinforcing Steel
Structural Steel
Lumber
Asphalt
Cement
Diesel fuel
Engine oil
Tires
Imported Miscellaneous Materials
Locally Produced Miscellaneous Materials
Skilled Foreign Labor
Unskilled Labor
Royalty
68
65
54
85
33
76
40
60
60
47
64
17
65
0
0
10
15
35
4
57
2
45
13
13
43
7
69
25
90
90
22
20
11
11
10
22
15
27
27
10
29
14
10
10
10
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Quantity Calculations for Pay Items Bill of Quantities
Pointers in the conduct of quantity calculations:
Based on the design plans and specifications Units of measurement are all in metric based on
DPWH Standard Specifications. Solid mensuration is extensively used and other
mathematical formulae.
Used of computer softwares in calculations. Used of calculators (simple or scientific) Conversion factors Rates of application of materials such as, liquified
asphalt materials, paints, etc.
Unit Price Analysis
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Unit Price AnalysisSample Formula of Plane Shapes & Figures
Area of a TriangleA= "xbase x height= "(bh)
Perimeter of a Triangle
P = side1+ side2+ side3
Area of a ParallelogramA =!x base x height = !(bh)
Perimeter of a Parallelogram
P = 2a + 2b
Area of a RectangleA = width x length = (wl)
Perimeter of a Rectangle
P = 2(lwidth) + 2(length) = 2(w) + 2(l)
Area of a CircleA = !r2
Circumference of a Circle
C = 2!r= !D != 3.14 159
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Sample Formula of Solid Geometric Figures
Unit Price Analysis
Volume of Rectangular SolidV = abc
Surface Area
SA = 2(ab + ac + bc)
Volume of CubeV = a3
Surface Area
SA = 6a2
Volume of SphereV = 4/3 !r3
Surface Area
SA = 4!r2
Volume of Circular ConeV = 1/3 !r2h
Surface Area
SA = !r2+ !rl
Volume of Circular CylinderV = !r2h or !D2 4
Surface Area
SA = 2 !rh + 2!r2
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Unit Price AnalysisSample Typical Road Sections
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# Estimating the work output of a piece of equipment is determined in 2 ways: Using work output formula based on the cycle of operation and other factors whichcontrolled production. Using tables based on past experiences of average work output under varying conditions for
different operations.
# To calculate earthmoving equipment consider the volume changes in earth caused byhandling. These volume changes have the following terms, to wit:
Swell increase in volume of earth that results when it is dug from its natural position. Shrinkage decrease in volume of earth when compacted. Loose yards volume of earth after it has been removed from its natural location and swell
has taken place.
In-place yards volume of earth in its natural location before handling. Compacted yards volume of earth that has been properly compacted in embankment on
fill.
# Basis of calculations for excavation and fill Loose yards are used to express the carrying capacity of earth moving equipment. In-place yards are converted to compacted yards to determine the volume of materials in a
fill that will be realized from a given amount of materials in its natural location. In-place yards are converted to loose yards to determine the amount of earth moving
equipment required to handle the materials.
The output of equipment in loose yards must be converted to compacted yards to determinethe final volume of fill
Methods of Estimating Work Output
Unit Price Analysis
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1.0 m3
in natural condition(in-place yards)
1.25 m3after digging
(loose yards)
0.9 m3after compaction
(compacted yards)
Volume Changes in Common Earth Caused by Handling
Bowl Capacity of Dozer
Illustrations of Soil Handling
Unit Price Analysis
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Formula for Earthmoving Equipment Work Output
where:
Q = bowl capacity in loose cubic meters
f = soil conversion factor60 = minutes per hour
E = efficiency factor
Cm = total cycle time in minutes
The working capacity of construction equipment is expressed by
the work practically done by the operation of equipment per unit
time ( 1 hour or day)
Unit Price Analysis
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Conversion Factors, f
Soil TypePresent
Condition
Converted to
In-place Loose Compacted
Sand
Common Earth
Clay
In-place
Loose
Compacted
In-placeLoose
Compacted
In-place
Loose
Compacted
1.00
0.90
1.05
1.000.80
1.11
1.00
0.70
1.11
1.11
1.00
1.17
1.251.00
1.39
1.43
1.00
1.59
0.95
0.86
1.00
0.900.72
1.00
0.93
0.63
1.00
Tractor Model Bulldozer Angle Dozer
D4
D6
D7
D8
1.25 m3
1.44 m3
2.20 m3
2.40 m3
1.82 m3
2.01 m3
2.58 m3
2.97 m3
Bowl Capacity of Dozers (loose yards)
Unit Price Analysis
Source: Construction Equipment Manual, BRS/DPWH
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Sample Calculation for Work Output
Given: Average haul distance one way 30 m
Soil type - common earth
Efficiency factor (E) - 80%
Speed - 2.5 kph
Required: Determine in place cubic meters moved per hour if D7 tractor dozer is to be used.
Solution:
Step 1. From conversion factor table, the soil conversion factor (f), soil type common earth loose to in-place,
f = 0.80
From dozer bowl capacity table, D7 tractor dozer, Q = 2.2 m3
Step 2. Determine fixed time
@ 2 gear shift @ 10 sec. per shift = 20 sec = 0.33 min
Step 3. Determine variable timeTravel forward 30 m @ 2.5 kph
Travel backward 30 m @ 5.0 kph
Step 4. Add fixed and variable time
Total cycle time, Cm = 0.33 + 0.72 + 0.36 = 1.41 min.
Step 5. Substitute in work output formula
Unit Price Analysis
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Unit Price AnalysisSample Typical Cross-Section of Drainage Structures
Sample Quantity Calculation for Volume of Excavation:Sample: Given a RCPC 1220mm and a length of 5.0 meters, compute volume of excavation.
Solution: Size of excavation as given from the above drawings for 1220mm:width = 1.60m, height = 2.0 m, length = 5.0 m
Volume = wxhxl = 1.6x2 x 5 = 16 m3compacted volume (stated in the plans)
Applying the soil conversion factor, common earth from compacted to loose, use
factor, f= 1.39 the excavated loose volume = 16x1.39 = 22.24 m3
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Volume of Backfill and Bedding Materials:Sample: Using the same sample, calculate backfill and bedding materials
Solution: Size of excavation as given from the above drawings for 1220mm:width = 1.60m, height = 2.0 m, length = 5.0 m
Volume of trench = wxhxl = 1.6x2 x 5 = 16 m3
Volume of bedding materials at compacted state, using thickness of 15cm
= 1.6x 0.15x5 = 1.2 m3
Using soil conversion factor, compacted to loose, f= 1.17
Volume of bedding materials required to purchase = 1.2 x 1.17 = 1.404m3Volume of backfill = Voltrench (VolRCPC+ Volbedding) = 16 (7.371+1.2) = 7.429 m
3
Applying conversion factor, compacted to loose, f= 1.39
Volume of backfill required = 7.429x1.39 = 10.326 m3
Sample Quantity Calculation
Unit Price Analysis
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Composition and Strength of Concrete for Use in Structures
This composition of concrete is used for concrete batching plant.
Unit Price Analysis
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Mixture
Class of
Concrete
Proportion Cementin Bags
Sand
cu. m.
Gravel
cu. m.
AA
A
B
C
1:1":3
1:2:4
1:2":5
1:3:6
12.0
9.0
7.5
6.0
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
Concrete Proportion
This concrete proportion is used for manual mix.
Unit Price Analysis
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MixtureClass of
Concrete
ProportionCementin Bags
40 kgs.
Sandcu. m.
A
B
C
D
1:2
1:3
1:4
1:5
18.0
12.0
9.0
7.5
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
Cement and Sand Proportion for Mortar and Plastering
Unit Price Analysis
Sample Calculation:
Given: Volume = 10 m3
of mortar, use class ASolution: Refer to the above table
Cement = 10 x 18 = 180 bags
Sand = 10 x 1.0 = 10 m3
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Sample Calculation for Asphalt Concrete Pavement:
Given: Carriageway width = 6.7m, Length = 1 km., thickness = 50cm,use 301(1) - MC-70 Cut-Back Asphalt
Solution:
Determine Item 301(1) - Bituminous Prime Coat
Determine Item 310 Bituminous Concrete Surface Course, Hot-Laid (AC Asphalt Concrete)
The derived quantities are then summarized in the bill of quantities and subsequently,manually entered in the estimated construction cost spreadsheet which are multiplied bythe unit prices to come up with total cost of that item and summed up all the pay items tocalculate the total direct cost. After which, indirect cost is applied to determined the totalestimated project cost.
Unit Price Analysis
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Unit Price Analysis
Item Number Description Unit Quantity100(1)
102(1)
102(2)
103(3)
103(6)104(1)
105(1)
105(3)
200
201
301(1)
310
500(1)
Clearing and Grubbing
Unsuitable Excavation
Surplus Common Excavation
Foundation Fill
Pipe Culverts and Drainage ExcavationEmbankment
Subgrade Preparation (Common Material)
Subgrade Preparation (Unsuitable Material)
Aggregate Subbase Course
Aggregate Base Course
Bituminous Prime (MC-70 Cut-Back Asphalt)
Bituminous Concrete Surface Course, Hot-Laid
RCPC 610mm
ha.
m3
m3
m3
m3
m3
m2
m2
m3
m3
ton
m2
l.m.
20
1,000
11,000
2,000
1,8587,500
3,000
5,000
10,455
12,156
30,780
5,689
3,105
Sample of Bill of Quantities
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Sample of unit
price analysis in
spreadsheet
Unit Price Analysis
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Unit Price Analysis
Sample of Summary of Construction Pay Items Unit Prices
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Unit Price AnalysisSample of Total Estimated Project Cost
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Unit Price Analysis
Sample of the Program of Work (POW)
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Unit Price AnalysisSample of the Approved Budget for the Contract (ABC)
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Unit Price AnalysisSample of the Minimum Equipment Requirement
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Maintenance Cost
Highway Maintenance
- is defined as the act of preserving and keeping each
highway type of highway as nearly as possible in its
original conditions as constructed or as subsequently
improved. It does not include rehabilitation, bettermentand improvement
Two calculation methods for maintenance cost
- EMK (Equivalent Maintenance Kilometrage)
- Traffic Dependent Method
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Two Categories: Routine Maintenance
vegetation control cleaning and repairing culverts cleaning ditches cleaning and repairing traffic signs climatic loss of gravel on shoulder
Periodic Maintenance road surface repairs resurfacing shoulder repair & resurfacing
General Cost
Maintenance Cost
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Maintenance Cost
EMK Factors
Source: BOM/
DPWH
0
AADT
AADT
Basic Formula:
Road:
MCR= EMKbudgetxFtxFwxLength
where:
MCR= maintenance cost for road
EMKbudget= annual allocation
Ft= factor for surface type
Fw= factor for carriageway width
Length = in kilometer
Bridge:
MCB= EMKbudgetxFbxLength
where:
MCB= maintenance cost for bridge
EMKbudget= annual allocation
Fb= factor for bridge type
Length = in meter
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Traffic Dependent Method
Traffic volume in terms of vehicle units:
Light vehicles !0.4 vehicle units Buses !2.5 vehicle units Trucks !3.0 vehicle units
Maintenance Cost
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Maintenance CostBasic assumptions in calculating routine maintenance unit rates :
Vegetation Control 0.5 ha/km/year 400 m2/crew day 2 - knapsack movers 2 - unskilled laborers
Cleaning and Repair of Culverts 1 4 number units/day/km 1 dump truck 3 unskilled laborers Materials
Replace, Clean and Repair Traffic Signs 2 5 units repaired, repainted or replace daily 1 pick-up vehicle Materials
Clearing Side Ditches 40 1000 l.m./day (half by grader and half by hand or manual) 1 grader 3 unskilled laborers
Source: Road Maintenance Manual, BOM-DPWH
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Maintenance Cost
Periodic Maintenance
Road Surface Repair Regravelling gravel road and gravel shoulder Grading & reshaping gravel road Joint & crack sealing for PCCP Pothole repair (spot regravel) for gravel road Patch potholes for ACP Crack sealing for ACP Edge break for ACP
Resurfacing Asphalt Concrete Overlay
Shoulder Repair & Resurfacing Regravelling Grading and reshaping Asphalt Concrete Overlay
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Maintenance Cost
Sample of routine maintenance unit
price analysis
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Maintenance CostPeriodic Maintenance Task
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Maintenance Cost
General Formula for Maintenance Cost Calculations Routine Maintenance (peso/km)
Maintenance Task = QtytablexLshoulderx W x 365 days x unit rateactivity General Cost
Periodic Maintenance (peso-vehicle unit/km) Maintenance Task = (QtytablexLx Wx 365 daysxunit rateactivity) Frequencyvehiclewhere:
L = length in meters
W = width in meters
Qtytable = Periodic Maintenance Task Tableunit rateactivity = maintenance unit price analysis
Frequency = benchmark of traffic volume in terms of v.u. as shown in PeriodicMaintenance Task Table
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Maintenance Cost
Routine Maintenance Unit Cost
Road Segment Economic Financial
a. Vegetation controlb. Cleaning and repair culvertsc. Replace, clean and repair traffic signsd. Clearing side ditches
P 5,312.58/km
4,880.19/km
5,384.64/km
10,813.92/km
P 6,498.57/km
7,055.90/km
6,667.53/km
13,250.68/km
Total per annum P 26,391.34/km P 33,472.67/km
Routine Maintenance Unit Cost
Bridge Segment Economic Financial
a. Concrete bridgeb. Steel bridge P 568.79/l.m.3,714.14/l.m. P 721.41/l.m.4,710.72/l.m.
Sample of Summary Routine Maintenance Unit Cost
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Maintenance Cost
Maintenance Tasks Unit Cost
Economic Financial
1. Gravel ( Surface )2. Regrade and Reshape
a. Carriagewayb. Shoulder
3. AC Resurfacing ( 3 cm.)4. AC Overlay ( 5 cm. )5. Replacement of Failed Bay
a. t = 230 mmb. t = 200 mm
6. Repair of Cracks/Joints7. Patching and Pothole Repair
a. Pothole Repair ( Gravel )b. Pothole Repair (AC)c. Sealing and Patching (AC)
8. Road Stripping (painted lines)
P 481.87/m3
5.14/m215.41/m2
94.36/m2135.51/m2
2,527.25/m22,197.69/m2
18,066.78/m2
498.56/m3
494.06/m2
510.81/m2
48.53/m
P 579.45/m3
6.29/m218.87/m2
113.28/m2162.25/m2
3,089.00/m22,686.20/m2
22,123.42/m2
598.08/m3
597.05/m2
617.50/m2
57.48/m
Sample of Summary of Periodic Maintenance Unit Cost
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Summary of Maintenance Costs
Road TypeMaintenance Category
Routine Periodic
Economic Financial Economic Financial
Gravel Roads (5.0m roadway)AC with gravel shoulders
a.0.5+6.1+0.5b.1.0+6.1+1.0c.1.5+6.1+1.5d.3.0+6.7+3.0
PCC with gravel shoulders
a.0.5+6.1+0.5t = 230 mm
t = 200 mmb. 1.0+6.1+1.0
t = 230 mm
t = 200 mmc. 1.5+6.1+1.5
t = 230 mmt = 200 mm
d. 3.0+6.7+3.0
t = 230 mmt = 200 mm
49,521.08
31,210.0336,028.73
40,847.4255,303.51
31,210.03
31,210.03
36,028.73
36,028.73
40,847.4240,847.42
55,303.5155,303.51
61,286.05
39,267.1345,061.58
50,856.0368,239.39
39,267.13
39,267.13
45,061.58
45,061.58
50,856.0350,856.03
68,239.3968,239.39
737.36a
80.05a100.55a
121.06a186.01a
62.77a
62.12a
83.27a
82.62a
103.77a103.12a
166.34a165.69a
896.59a
96.33a121.40a
146.47a225.81a
75.81a
75.01a
100.88a
100.08a
125.95a125.15a
202.43a201.63a
Maintenance CostSample of Summary Maintenance Cost
Note: a = vehicle unit, v.u.
5/24/2018 DPWH - Cost Estimation
62/63
Sample of Summary of
Work Unit Cost usedin HDM-4
5/24/2018 DPWH - Cost Estimation
63/63
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