Do Orange and Green Clash? Residential Segregation in Northern Ireland

Do Orange and Green Clash?

Residential Segregation in Northern Ireland

Residential Segregation

• People of the same social class, occupation, race, ethnicity and religion often cluster together

• Residential segregation and be voluntary or involuntary, it can be difficult to separate

Enclaves

• Residential clusters that occur when people choose to live together

• Little Saigon in LA• Little Havana in Miami• Retirement communities

Ghettos

• Ghettos are products of involuntary segregation– Discriminatory practices in housing and labor

markets (US)

• Early Chinatowns• African Americans in the north (Great

Migration)

Racial Segregation in Los Angeles, CA. White Anglos are found in beach communities and in newly built suburbs. The black community is highly concentrated in a large area south of the downtown. Asians or Pacific Islanders are also concentrated but into smaller, more scattered notes of settlement, reflecting their diverse

ethnic makeup. The settlement of Hispanics, the largest racial and ethnic minority group in LA represents the reverse of white-Anglos. For the most part, they are numerous in places where white-Anglos are absent

Degree of Segregation

• Social distance measures the likelihood that dissimilar groups will interact with one another– This can influence the degree of assimilation for

minority groups• Segregation Indices measure the degree of

segregation– Spatial divergence occurs if the two groups become

spatially more segregated– Spatial convergence occurs if they become spatially

more integrated.

(p. 347)

Segregation Index

index of dissimilarity

0 1complete

integrationcomplete

segregation

Segregation Indices in US Metropolitan Areas at the Census Tract Level, by Ethnicity

Ethnicity 1980 1990 2000

Native American 0.373 0.368 0.333

Asians 0.405 0.412 0.411

African-Americans 0.727 0.679 0.640

Hispanics 0.502 0.500 0.509

Case Study: Do Orange and Green Clash?

• Ireland remained Catholic while Great Britain became Protestant

• The British took over Ireland (1601) and used a plantation system to alter the ethnic composition– Land was taken away from local Irish aristocrats and given to

British aristocrats – By 1700, less than 1% of Irish land was still in Irish Catholic

hands• ¾ of the island ethnic composition did not change much

and remained mostly Catholic • Ulster Plantation in the North had a history of rebellion

so the British encouraged many Scots and English to move there.

Figure 12.3 (p. 339)

Remnants of a castle in County Fermanagh built

by Protestantsin the early 1600s and

now serving as a tourist attraction.

• 1921: ¾ of Ireland gained independence, the Irish Free State (1949 became Republic of Ireland)

• Since 1969 Northern Ireland has been troubled by terrorist acts and political killings by both sides

• Irish Republican Army• Both sides promote their group identity– Protestants join the Orange Order– Catholic Irish adopted green after their homeland the

Emerald Isle

What does the Republic of Ireland’s flag represent?

Case Study

• In activity 1 you will look at the population change between the Protestants and Catholics from 1971 to 2011– Create the choropleth maps, print and then

answer questions 1.1-1.4

• In activity 2 you will measure the residential segregation of Protestants from Catholics– Create the spreadsheets, print and then answer

the questions