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Discuss ethical considerations related to research studies at the cognitive level of analysis
By: Jihyun,Lynn,and Mind
Cognitive Level of Analysis
Cognitive level of analysis, also known as CLA is a method based on mental processes such as perception, thinking, attention, memory, and language.
Cognitive Level of Analysis
Human beings are information processors and that mental representations guide behavior
Mental processes can and should be studied scientifically by developing theories and by using a variety of research methods
social and cultural factors affect cognitive processes.
Ethical Considerations● Ethical considerations are ethics
which must be considered during a research/study/experiment to ensure participants are not physically and mentally harmed during the research is being conducted.
● Researchers should conduct a study in ethical manners and should always be critically evaluated.
Ethical Considerations
Protection of participants Consent Right to withdraw ConfidentialityDebriefing Deception
EXPERIMENTS
‘Genie’ Curtiss (1981)
● Abused by her own father ○ abuse○ neglect○ social isolation
● kept in isolation for 13 years○ locked up in her room
● Her abuse came to the attention of Los Angeles child welfare authorities on November 4, 1970.
‘Genie’ Curtiss (1981)
Aim:To investigate the sensitive period
Hypothesis: there is a sensitive learning
period (before puberty) during which language
must be acquired to develop normally.
Method: Researchers encouraged her to verbalise and socialise.
They communicated with her, taught her sign
language, and provided a caring environment for
Genie.
Participant Protection● Genie was protected from harm during the study
● But when researchers concluded the study, Genie was left to live
in an adult foster home
○ Genie may have experienced mental distress from the dramatic change in environment and carers and the leaving of the researchers
Consent● Genie could not be fully informed or give consent to the study
due to language restrictions and mental state
● But Genie was not in a healthy state of mind to understand the
nature and aims of the study
○ Therefore, it may not be possible to gain informed consent
Withdrawl● Genie would not be able to express any desires to withdraw from
the study due to language restrictions and mental state
Confidentiality● Her identity was kept anonymous as 'Genie' is not her real name
● Although her real name was not revealed, her case was exposed to
the world of psychology
Debriefing● Genie was not debriefed at the end of the study
● She ended up living in an adult foster home, still requiring
treatment as she is still language impaired.
● However, since she did not know that she was being studied, she
would not desire a debriefing.
Inappropriate behaviour of researchers
● Researchers had a very personal and attached relationship with
Genie
● This was inappropriate for scientific research
● Leads to the questioning of objectivity and their aims for
studying Genie
Gardner and Gardner (1969) “Washoe”
Aim:To investigate and demonstrate
that a chimpanzee has the capability to use human language.
Method: Gardner and Gardner
researched on an infant female chimp called Washoe. Researchers whereby detailed records keeping track of Washoe’s progress over extended period of time,32 months.
Participant Protection
● Washoe might have experienced pain, since she was removed from her natural environment and living in a cage learning sign language
● Researchers attempted to teach Washoe ASL. (American Sign Language)
● Researcher caught Washoe, estimated to be around 8-14 months old and brought her up as a human child in America.
Consent
● As an animal, Washoe could not be fully informed about the study conducted on her.
● Could not give consent● Washoe could not understand what the study was for.● Not possible to gain informed consent
Withdrawl
● Washoe couldn’t express any desires to withdraw from the study due to language and communication restrictions.
Debriefing
● Washoe was not debriefed since she was an animal
Conclusion
● Ethical consideration is included in all researches.
● Slight exception for consent and deception
● Animal research has slightly different ethical considerations.
Citations
● "IB Guides." IB Psychology Notes. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Feb. 2015. <http://ibguides.com/psychology/notes/explain-how-principles-that-define-the-cognitive-level-of-analysis-may-be-demonstrated-in-research-that-is-theories-and-or-studies>
● "Genie (feral Child)." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, n.d. Web. 29 Jan. 2015. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genie_(feral_child)>.
●
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