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Disaster Risk Assessment Tools and Applications
Better Information Smarter Investments
2012 Pacific GIS&RS ConferenceFIJI
Pacific disaster risk assessment– Probabilistic
assessment of major perils
– Pacific Risk Information System
– Risk based framework to direct resources of countries and development partners
Pacific disaster risk financing solutions– Fiscal risk exposure– Financial disaster risk
management– Regional risk pooling 3
Main Outputs
PARTNERS BASED IN US, JP, NZ, FJ
PACIFIC RISK INFORMATION
SYSTEM
Satellite imagery
Administrative Boundaries
Population Census
Agricultural Census
Surface Geology Topographic maps Surface soil Bathymetry
Geodetic and Fault Data Infrastructure References
Risk Assessment
EventGeneration
ExposureInformation
DamageEstimation
LossCalculation
IntensityCalculation
Social and economic losses
Hazard
Vulnerability
Exposure
Risk – monetary loss and casualties
Perils Modeled
Earthquake
Ground Shaking
Tsunami Wave
Tropical Cyclone
Wind
Flood from Precipitation
Flood from Storm Surge
Hazard Maps: Applications for Planners100 yr mean return period: wind speed,
ground acceleration with ~40% chances to be exceeded in 50years
Severe damage to buildings, infrastructure and crops with large consequent economic damage
People
2010 projections based on national census information and PopGIS
A number of countries have conducted or preparing for a national census
Building Inventory
3.5m attributed buildings in the Pacific
Major Infrastructure
Tongatapu
Eua
Ha'apai
Vava'u
174° W175° W
16
° S
17
° S
18
° S
19
° S
20
° S
21
° S
Ha'apai
Tongatapu & Eua
Vava'u
Tonga
Tongatapu
Eua
0 4 82
Kilometers
0 4 82
Kilometers 0 4 82
Kilometers
0 4 82
Kilometers
Nuku'alofa0 100 20050
Kilometers
Total Average Annual Loss(million USD)
0 - 0.1
0.1 - 0.2
0.2 - 0.3
0.3 - 0.4
0.4 - 0.5
0.5 - 1
1 - 1.5
1.5 - 2.5
Tongatapu
Eua
Ha'apai
Vava'u
174° W175° W
16
° S
17
° S
18
° S
19
° S
20
° S
21
° S
Ha'apai
Tongatapu & Eua
Vava'u
Tonga
Tongatapu
Eua
0 4 82
Kilometers
0 4 82
Kilometers 0 4 82
Kilometers
0 4 82
Kilometers
Nuku'alofa0 100 20050
Kilometers
AAL / Asset Value
0% - 0.5%
0.5% - 0.6%
0.6% - 0.7%
0.7% - 0.8%
0.8% - 1%
1% - 1.5%
1.5% - 2%
2% - 3%
Country risk profiles -Solomon Islands
PACIFIC RISK INFORMATION
SYSTEM
Integration of Climate Change projections
Urban Planning and Infrastructure Design
Professional and Institutional
Capacity Development
Rapid Disaster Impact Estimation
Macroeconomic Planning & Disaster
Risk Financing
APPLICATIONS
Pacific Disaster Risk Financing and Insurance Program
• Objective– Reduce financial vulnerability of PICs to disasters by improving their
financial response capacity while protecting their long term fiscal balance.– Provide immediate liquidity in the aftermath of a disaster
• Provides coverage against tropical cyclones and/or earthquakes.• Covers disruption to the provision of central government services from major
disasters • The policy is NOT designed to cover the government against all disaster losses.• Enhanced if it is part of an integrated disaster risk financing strategy including,
for example, domestic reserves.
Post-Disaster Real Time Loss Assessment - Tropical Cyclones and Earthquakes
• CAT models do not typically use any direct field observation of damage, loss, or disaster intensity
• The accuracy of the loss estimates improves if field observations are taken into account
• Damage and loss assessments
Air Worldwide - Confidential
Pre-disaster Loss Assessment• Feasibility study to develop a
system that, in real time, forecasts the impact of tropical cyclones as they build
• AIR has extensive experience in such systems in the Atlantic Ocean in the North Pacific Ocean for certain countries
• Such systems are feasible but their application to the region of the PICs needs to be studied further
Air Worldwide - Confidential
How does CC affect TCs?Climate projections
CSIRO
TC wind hazard risk modelling
GA
Catastrophe loss modelling
AIR - PCRAFI
Pacific-Australia Climate Change Science and Adaptation Planning Program
Assess potential future tropical cyclone risk to critical assets in Pacific island countries with climate change. Outcome:1. understand the changing nature of tropical cyclone risk to
infrastructure assets2. consider the future implications in terms of loss and
damage3. assess the effectiveness of current planning and design
standards against future needs
Anticipated Outputs1. Integrated climate and disaster risk screening tools for planning are
operational2. Integrated tools for mainstreaming disaster and climate risks into
development planning are shared3. Pacific DMC planners apply newly acquired climate and disaster risk
mainstreaming skillsCountries: Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Is, Tonga, VanuatuTimeframe: 2 years Partners: SOPAC/ADB/WB/UNHABITAT/DCCEE
Risk Resilience in Urban Development
GEONODE DEVELOPMENT
Outcomes: Pacific Disaster Managers
• National capacities and ownership • Communication, awareness and understanding of the
applications: Tools to support decision making• Improve current models & expand to include other hazards• Data maintenance • Integrate the application of the Pacific Risk Information in
informing national DRM interventions • Improve coordination between donors and development
partners• Custodianship and data sharing
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