View
221
Download
0
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
Digital Libraries1
Digital Libraries
David Rashty
Digital Libraries2
“A library is an arsenal of liberty”
Anonymous
Digital Libraries3
Contents
• Introduction
• Technical considerations– Interoperability– Supporting technologies
• User interface design
• Examples
• Conclusion
Digital Libraries4
Introduction
First steps and related concepts
Digital Libraries5
What is a digital library?
Introduction
Digital Libraries6
A digital library…
is composed of four main components:
1. a collection of digital objects;
2. information referring to those objects;
3. a structure for presenting information;
4. interaction elements.
Introduction
Digital Libraries7
Related fields
Database management
Human computer interaction
Information science
Library science
Multimedia systems
Natural language
processing
Networking and communications
Introduction
DL
Digital Libraries8
Related concepts
• User interface– The point of contact between human and machine.
• Data mining– Extraction of new data or partial information from a
database.
• Information retrieval– Popping up information (not data) from a database
according to users needs.
Introduction
Digital Libraries9
Technical considerations
Interoperability and Supporting technologies
Digital Libraries10
Definition
• Digital libraries are collections of separately developed entities that are put together in order to facilitate access to information.
• The central concern of interoperability is to connect such entities in a functional and efficient way.
Interoperability
Digital Libraries11
Design questions
• What are the basic technologies that enable sharing information between different systems?
• What is the best networking technology for intercomponent communication?
• Data formats, document models, languages, protection functions?
Interoperability
Digital Libraries12
Evaluation criteria
• The following criteria identify well integrated systems:– High degree of component autonomy;– Low cost of infrastructure;– Ease of contributing components;– Ease of using components;– Task complexity supported by the system;– Scalability in the number of components.
Interoperability
Digital Libraries13
An industrial design example
• Design activities and interaction structure that characterize the industrial engineering design process.
Supporting Technologies
Pejtersen, A. M. Semantic Information Retrieval. Communications of the ACM, April 998
Digital Libraries14
An industrial design example
• Technologies and design considerations for the industrial engineering design process:– In addition to common interaction capabilities with information
sources, engineers have to be able to judge the sources of information for their reliability and trustworthiness.
– A strong commitment to knowledge management is an important feature of industrial engineering systems: engineers need access to previous cases and the distributed human knowledge in the organization.
– The system must provide exploration by analogy.
– The system must be built around a transparent interface with various functional capabilities.
Supporting Technologies
Digital Libraries15
User interface design
Best practices
Digital Libraries16
Design concerns
• Digital libraries must provide search and retrieval systems such that users can navigate information space easily.
• Users must feel comfortable and receive continual feedback from the system in order to get what they are looking for.
• Design for globalization demands special attention to usability problems.
User interface design
Digital Libraries17
Design concerns
• Some results from usability studies:– Designers must provide a clear overview of the digital
library layout.
– The DL must provide facilities to filter search results and save queries for additional refinements.
– Search criteria should include simple and advanced searches.
– Searches and retrieval of documents should be fast.
User interface design
Digital Libraries18
Design concerns
• Some results from usability studies:– Users expect digital libraries to provide many of the
features found in a traditional library such as broad coverage of many topics, readable text, etc.
– Users want to search by author, keyword, title, journal, year and volume.
– Users want search results to be presented as PDF, HTML or plain text.
– The DL must provide good help facilities.– Provide cues for guiding the search process.
User interface design
Digital Libraries19
Examples
Implementations
Digital Libraries20
ACM
Examples
Browsing and search possibilities as well as bookmark service for subscribers.
Help facilities and information about usage and the system.
Digital Libraries21
ACM
Examples
Search by author, title, terms. Each one offers a number of options.
Options for limiting the search (filtering).
Digital Libraries22
IEEE
Examples
Easy access to search options as well as clear exposition of the objects in the library.
Users have a bird’s eye view of the content in the library.
Digital Libraries23
IEEE
Examples
Search by terms and options on the scope of the search.
Users can see the main elements of the search space.
Digital Libraries24
NCSTRL
Examples
Search, options and direct access to their archives.
Simple search options. Search by author, title and abstract as well as sorting preferences.
Digital Libraries25
Conclusion
Research directions and conclusions
Digital Libraries26
Research directions
Conclusion
More usable and efficient user interfaces
Intelligent techniques for searching, browsing and information retrieval
Interoperability solutions for the global library
Digital Libraries27
Conclusions
• Digital libraries are among the most complex existing forms of information systems.
• Access to information today is simpler and the sources are many. Building effective DL will help people to deal with this situation by guiding them in the process of information search and retrieval.
• The future of the web depend on interface designers being capable of developing methods of reducing frustration and anxiety for the users.
Conclusion
Digital Libraries28
References
• www.dlib.com: Online magazine on DL• www.acm.org: Digital library of the ACM• www.computer.org: Digital library of the IEEE
Conclusion
Recommended