Diabetes. Diabetes definition Metabolic disorder of multiple etiology (causes) characterized by...

Diabetes

Diabetes definition

Metabolic disorder of multiple etiology (causes) characterized by hyperglycemia with carbohydrates, fat, and protein metabolic alterations that result in defects in the secretion of insulin, its action or both.

What is diabetes?

The majority of intake of food is converted into glucose.

The pancreas produces the insulin hormone, which help the organism to take advantage of glucose.

In persons with diabetes, the insulin does not work. Therefore, the sugar and the fat increase in the blood.

Symptoms of diabetes

Polyuria (urinating frequently)Polydipsia (very thirsty)Weight loss

Other diabetes symptoms

Continuos hungerFatigueDry skinFrequent infectionsFeet ulcerationLoss of sensibility in inferior

extremities (legs)Erectile dysfunction

Types of diabetes

Type 1 No production of insulin Initiates in childhood or

adolescenceType 2

Deficient production or improper utilization of insulin

Generally initiates after 30 years of age

Risk factors

Risk factors

Family history of diabetesOlder than 30 years of ageLack of physical activitySedentarism ( person with little

or no physical activity)Poor dietExcessive weight

Risk factors

Lack of knowledge on the disease

No health care accessConsumption of alcohol and

drugsSmokingCultural myths

Diabetes complications

Retinopathy (blindness?)Nephropathy (kidney problems)Feet ulceration and/or amputations HypertensionHyperlipidemia (cholesterol?)Erectile DysfunctionGestational diabetes (during

pregnancy)Diabetes and HIV

Diabetes complications

Diagnosis

Symptoms (suggest possible diabetes)

High glucose in blood (confirm if higher than 126 mg/dl)

Glucose in hemoglobin (indicates quality of diabetes

control - higher than 7 mmol)

Treatment and control

Medications (insulin vs. hypoglycaemic agents)

Increase physical activity at least walk for 30 min. most days

Appropriate diet vegetables fruit low in fat and carbohydrates

Lifestyle changes

Prevention and/or delay of diabetes complications

Well balanced dietExerciseMedications when appropriateTimely access to health care

servicesNo tobacco No alcohol

Tips for healty cooking

Cook of boil meat insted of frying

Take the skin of chicken before cooking

Use less salt and sugar when preparing food

Avoid fat

Tips for healty cooking

Use fresh or frozen fruit and vegetables when eating or in between meals

Use low fat chesse instead of regular chesse

Use low fat milkDrink fruit juice instead of

powder juice

Nutritional Pyrimid

CDC Webpage

Physical Activity

To control diabetes the recommendation is to increase physical activity, preferably every day for 20 minutes.

Physical Activity

Benefits:

Lowers glucose levels in blood Improves blood circulation in the

entire body Contributes to weight loss Improves physical and mental

wellbeing Helps the body to utilize insulin

more efficiently

Physical Activity

Consult your doctor before you start a physical activity program

Start you program slowly and increase activity level gradually

You can choose the physical activity that that you like to do