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Department of Nursing (ENG)

Name of Course: BASIC PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES OF NURSING I

Name of Lecturer: Assist. Prof. Dr. Funda KARAMAN

e-mail: fkaraman@gelisim.edu.tr

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2 Credit/7 ECTS

https://gbs.gelisim.edu.tr/ders-detay-5-160-11147-1

Ders Günü ve Saati

Course credit

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Course Information

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Week Week 1

What will we learn in this week?

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What are the basic concepts of the nursing profession?General information about human and environmental concepts?What Are The Basic Human Requirements? What is Holistic Care and Homeostasis?

Nursing profession has 4 basic concepts

1.Human

being

3.Health/

illness2.Environment

4.Nursing

Basic Concepts of Nursing

6

Other Complementary Concepts of Nursing

communication

Care

Requirement

Learning

Culture

Body image

Loneliness/

lack of sensory

•A professional nurse must know

these concepts very well

Human Being

• Human being is at the center of nursing care. For this reason, the nurses need to understand the human concept.

• In general, human beings grow and develop biologically throughout the lifespan that results in death beginning with fertilization.

•Human being is a bio-psycho-social-cultural-spiritual entity..

Human

Bio Psycho

Social Cultural

Spiritual

Biological (physiological) structure of thehuman

•Human, is a cell-tissue-organ system.

•Human is an entity with physiological needs besides cellular activities.

•Physiologically, the basic human needs must be provided in order to maintain the continuity of life.

Psychological structure of the human

•Personality, habit, motivation, desire / reluctance, reactions, perception are factors related to the psychological direction of the individual.

•With these characteristics, a person lives in a society, becomes a part of society.

Socio-cultural structure of the human

•Every human being is a social entity.•The interaction of people with other individuals and

groups forms the social structure of the individual.•Human being is also a cultural entity.•Cultural features affect all of the different areas of

the individual such as thoughts, beliefs, behaviors, lifestyles, skills, traditions, etc.

•As the main area of health professionals is human and human services, the presentation of these services should be respectful to the cultural structure, values and lifestyles.

Spiritual structure of the human

•Relating to deep feelings and beliefs, especially religious beliefs.

• Human being is a bio-psycho-social-cultural-spiritual entity.

• Human being is a social entity.

• Human being is an open system.

• Every human being is similar, but different, unique.

• Besides hereditary features, each person has different characteristics.

Basic Characteristics of Human

• Each person has his own beliefs, attitudes, talents, perceptions and values.

• Every human being is a dynamic entity. Every human being is constantly in development and change for lifetime

• Every human being is a part of the culture in his/her life

• There is the capacity to change behavior by learning.

Environment

•Everything outside of the person compose the environment.

•The interaction between human and the environment is continuous, mutual and synchronous.

• Florence Nightingale is the first theoretician who emphasizes the importance of the environment, which reveals the relationship between environment and health in the field of nursing.

• Florence Nightingale emphasizes the importance of the healthy environment to prevent disease.

• The environment is a dynamic environment, an open system.

• The internal environment includes the individual's physiological, psychological and spiritual functions,

• The external environment includes external factors and social functions that influence these functions.

• For this reason, the individual's health is influenced from both internal environment and external environment.

Internal environment External environment

İf there is a balance

HEALTH

If there is a imbalance

ILLNESSES

Environment

• Physical environment

• Biological environment

• Social environment

• Cultural environment

HUMAN

Biological environmentMicroorganismsPathogensVegetationAnimalsEcosystem

Physics environmentClimateNoiseGeographyAir, water, food

Social environmentInterpersonal relationshipsFamilyGroupsSocietyculture

Cultural environmentValuesEthnicReligion, race, languageContactTraditions and customs

Abraham MaslowThe Hierarchy of Needs

The Basic Human Requirements

ABRAHAM MASLOW

• was a leading humanistic psychologist

• developed the Hierarchy of Needs

• promoted the concept of self-actualization

• was born in 1908, Brooklyn, New York

*Abraham Maslow developed a theory of behavioral motivation

based on needs.

*This theory is often referred to as Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs.

• Basic needs are basic needs for every person's life, regardless of race, color

or gender.

• To survive, these needs should be met

• While these needs are in balance in the state of health, they cause the balance (homeostasis) to be disrupted in case of illness.

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rovi

de

d f

rom

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m t

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op

What is Holistic Care and Homeostasis?

•Holistic is a term derived from the Greek word holes, meaning "whole."

•Holistic health views the physical, intel-lectual, sociocultural, psychological, and spiritual aspects of a person's life as an integrated whole. These five aspects cannot be separated or isolated; anything that affects one aspect of a person's life also affects the other aspects.

•Holism; is an approach that deals with the human being with its bio-psycho-socio-cultural and spiritual structure.

•In nursing profession, health care should be given to the individuals with holistic approach.

•The goal of holistic nursing is the "enhancement of healing the whole person from birth to death" (American Holistic Nurses Association [AHNA], 2004).

•The AHNA supports the belief that health involves the harmonious balance of body, mind, emotions, and spirit within an ever-changing environment.

•The NIH (National Institutes of Health) defines holistic care as care that "considers the whole person, including physical, mental, emotional and spiritual aspects.

•Holistic care increases the quality of treatment and care.

•In the holistic care philosophy, human beings are not taken in parts, must be taken as a whole.

•For this reason, the nursing care plan must done in a holistic approach in terms of health protection and treatment services.

The maintenance of a constant environment in

the body is called Homeostasis

To balance the internal environment and the external

environment

Human being and homeostasis

•Throughout life, people are faced with stressors with situations that threaten the internal balance.

Stress is the most important factor in the disruption of homestatic balance.

•The body needs support to be able to adapt to the balance.

Stress may cause physiological or psychologicalchanges.

•So the nurse should know the mechanism of stress formation and ways of dealing

with stress.

REFERENCES

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• Ay F. A. (2013). Basic Concepts And Skills In Health Practices. Nobel Medical Bookstore, Istanbul.

• Asti T. A., Karadag A. (2016). Nursing Fundamentals Nursing Science and Art. Academy Press And Publishing, Istanbul.

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