DENT 1160 Pharmacology 1. Define PHARMACOLOGY It is the branch of medicine that conducts research...

DENT 1160

Pharmacology

1. Define PHARMACOLOGY

It is the branch of medicine that conducts research and development in the use and effects of drugs.

A drug is a substance used to treat, diagnose or prevent a disease

Dentist need to know what the patient is taking because those drugs may effect treatment and interact with the drugs the dentist needs to use.

2. DRUGS

Over the counter or Prescription (DEA #)

ID a drug by 3 names Chemical acetylsalicylic acid Generic aspirin Brand Bayer, Bufferin

3&4. Physician Desk Reference

PDR in text or computer format

Tells: use, indications and contraindications, side effects (predictable body reaction)

other sources-

USP, NF, ADT,

How to use PDR

Obtain any of the following: The name of the drug Turn to the Product Name Index - alphabetical A sample of the drug Look in the Product Identification Section -pictures The prescription container with product name Use the yellow Generic or Chemical Name Section The medical condition the drug is treating Use the blue section -Product Category Index Examples: analgesic anticoagulant diureticPage numbers will direct you to detailed information, classification, purpose or use, side effects, contraindications

5. Routes of Administration

Oral- pill, capsule, liquid Topical- gel or ointment

on skin or mucosa (subdermal patch)

Inhalation- gas Sublingual- under

tongue, absorbed Injection subcutaneous IM IV

Prescription

Is a written order by Dr or DDS ( with DEA#) to dispense drugs.

Keep Rx pads secure!!!Superscription- patient dataInscription- name and amount of drugSubscription- directions for dispensingSignature- directions for use( see list

text)

Prescriptions

DA may call a Rx to pharmacy but CAN NOT PRESCRIBE or dispense OTC without DDS order

Controlled Substance Act 1970

Schedule I- no medical use, potential abuse, LSD, heroine, marijuana

II- has med use, potential abuse, no call in or refill, opium, cocaine, morphine

III- use and less potential abuse, stimulants, depressants, Tylenol with codeine

IV- Valium, laibrium, DarvonV- cough meds with codeine

6. Antibiobitics

Dentists may prescribe an antibiotic to treat or prevent a bacterial infection.

Some common antibiotics are:penicillins PenVee K, Amoxilcephalosporins Keflex, Ceclorerythromycins Zithromax, E-Mycintetracyclines Minocin,Achromycin clindamycin Clindets, DalacinOral Contraceptives?????????????????????

7. AHA Prophylactic Antibiotics

When needed? prevent endocarditis

Artificial heart valve

Shunt

Heart murmur

mitral valve prolapse

Use what? Penicillin or ampicillin (2g)

clindamycin (500mg)

Take when? One hr before appointment

ADA on Premeds

http://www.ada.org/public/media/videos/minute/medi_premedication_broadband.wmv

8&9. Analgesics

Also known as pain killersNon narcotic (OTC) relieve mild to

moderate painAcetylsalicylic acid- Aspirin (cause

bleeding due to thinning of blood)Acetaminophen- tylenolIbuprofen- Advil or Motrin

10. Narcotic Analgesics

Stronger and may be used for sedation, analgesia and hypnosis

morphine codeinemeperdine- DemerolOxycodone- PercodanPropoxyphene- Darvon, Davocet

11. Premed Sedatives

Antianxiety agents given to reduce nervousness prior to appointment

Diazepam- ValiumChlordiazepoxide-LibriumMeprobamate- MiltowmHydroxyzine- VistarilXanax

12. Instructions for Pre Op meds

Antibiotic- take as directed 1 hr prior to apt.

Sedative- take as instructed, do not drive or drink alcohol

14. Sedation (antianxiety)Inhalation vs IV

INHALATION

Nitrous oxide

Halothane(Fluothane)

Methoxyflurane

( Penthrane)

IV

Pentothal

Brevital

ADA on Nitrous

http://www.ada.org/public/media/videos/minute/treat_nitrous_broadband.wmv

13. Analgesia vs Anesthetic

Analgesic prevent or relieve pain

Anesthetic produces a loss of sensation, numbs

15. Topical vs Local anesthesia

Topical- gel, ointment, liquid or spray used to numb mucosa. A 5-20% concentration of local anesthetic. Dry area, apply and let set 1-2 min.

Local- loss of sensation in area, 2-5% concentration, lidocaine, mepivocaine, xylocaine, lidocaine

16. 3 actions of VASOCONSTRICTOR

Constrict BV to prolong the effectDecrease bleeding in the areaReduces the amount of anesthetic

needed, safer

Epinephrine 1:50,000 or 1:20,000, 1:100.00

17. Contraindication for vasoconstrictor

HypertensionSevere cardiovascular diseaseHyperthyroid

Use nonepinephrine products like: Levophed, Neo-Cobefrin

18. Assistant responsibility

You prepare the syringe!

1.Use correct anesthetic (per Dr) cartridge

2. Use correct needle length ( long mand, short max)

3. Place stick shield

4. Engage harpoon

19. Drugs of concern to dental treatment

1. Antabuse- avoid product with high alcohol content like mouthwash

2. Aspirin, Fiorinal, Coumadin (warfarin)- bleeding (anticoagulants)

3. NSAID, Naprosyn, indomethacin- beware Diabetics & cause bleeding

4. Albuterol or Ventolin- asthma5. Insulin- diabetic (food and insulin)6. Nitrogliceryn- angina

19. Cont drugs of concern

7. Lasix (furosemide)- HBP, restroom use 8. Lanoxin (digoxin)- heart problems 9. Prednisone- immune compromised,cancer 10. Oral Contraceptive- not effective with AB 11. Prozac (fluoxetine)- Do Not use nitrous 12. Zoloft- FATAL with Demeral (meperidine) 13. Dilantin- epilepsy

Dilantin for epilepsy

ADA on drug side effects

http://www.ada.org/public/media/videos/minute/medi_sideeffects_broadband.wmv

The End