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DEFINITIONDEFINITION
HYPOXIA: A condition in which the oxygen HYPOXIA: A condition in which the oxygen available is inadequate at the tissue levelavailable is inadequate at the tissue level
Five types of hypoxia: Five types of hypoxia: – AnemicAnemic– HypoxemicHypoxemic– HistotoxicHistotoxic– CirculatoryCirculatory– HypermetabolicHypermetabolic
Anemic HypoxiaAnemic Hypoxia Having a decreased carrying capacity for Having a decreased carrying capacity for
oxygen, the pt with decreased or abnormal oxygen, the pt with decreased or abnormal HbHb
AnemiaAnemia Carbon monoxide poisoningCarbon monoxide poisoning MethemoglobinemiaMethemoglobinemia Sickle Cell AnemiaSickle Cell Anemia
Treatment involves blood transfusions, Treatment involves blood transfusions, hyperbaric chamber, bone marrow hyperbaric chamber, bone marrow transplanttransplant
Hypoxemic HypoxiaHypoxemic Hypoxia
Low PAO2 due to the atmosphereLow PAO2 due to the atmosphere Hypoventilation – PCO2 is risingHypoventilation – PCO2 is rising Diffusion DefectsDiffusion Defects
The PaO2 will be lower in all cases, but the The PaO2 will be lower in all cases, but the PCO2 may or may not be increased.PCO2 may or may not be increased.
Treatment: Compensatory actions to Treatment: Compensatory actions to reduce inequalities, supplemental oxygenreduce inequalities, supplemental oxygen
Histotoxic Hypoxia Histotoxic Hypoxia
Inability for tissues to utilize oxygen Inability for tissues to utilize oxygen availableavailable
Cyanide Poisoning will inhibit cellular Cyanide Poisoning will inhibit cellular metabolism from occuring; the cells metabolism from occuring; the cells can not process the O2can not process the O2
Treatment: Reversal of poisoning, Treatment: Reversal of poisoning, supplemental oxygen and/or ventilationsupplemental oxygen and/or ventilation
Circulatory HypoxiaCirculatory Hypoxia A decrease in cardiac output results in a low BP A decrease in cardiac output results in a low BP
and a prolonged systemic transit timeand a prolonged systemic transit time The PaO2 can be high, but because of the time it The PaO2 can be high, but because of the time it
takes to get to the tissues, the pt is hypoxictakes to get to the tissues, the pt is hypoxic
Cardiovascular instability or failureCardiovascular instability or failure ShockShock ArrhythmiasArrhythmias
Treatment include increasing cardiac output with Treatment include increasing cardiac output with use of cardiovascular drugs and therapy, use of cardiovascular drugs and therapy, supplemental oxygensupplemental oxygen
Hypermetabolic HypoxiaHypermetabolic Hypoxia
In some disease states the body requires In some disease states the body requires a slight increase in metabolism (i.e. – a slight increase in metabolism (i.e. – wound healing requires 5% increase)wound healing requires 5% increase)
Extensive burns and some cancers will Extensive burns and some cancers will cause large increases metabolism to the cause large increases metabolism to the point that supplemental O2 is requiredpoint that supplemental O2 is required
Treatment: Supplemental O2 or FiO2Treatment: Supplemental O2 or FiO2
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