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Deals with the measurement and description of the features of the seas and coastal areas for the primary purpose of navigation
Hydrography
GPS Satellites
Kinematic GPS
Plate Boundary
Reference PointsOn land
Acoustic Ranging
Seafloor Reference Point
Trench
Survey Vessel
Slide credit: Masayuki FUJITA, Japan Coast Guard
Hydrographers use many high tech tools
Receive Beams20 - 1440 “beams”20° fore-aft, 1° - 5° athwart
Transmit Beam1° - 5° fore-aft90° - 170° athwart
Depth PointIntersection of the transmit beam and one of the receive beams
Slide credit: Dave Wells
Multibeam Sonar
Rendered by Sirius Solutions, Dartmouth NSRendered by Sirius Solutions, Dartmouth NS
Slide credit: Dave Wells
Pockmark found in English Bay
To obtain dramatic results such as a view of the Empress of Ireland
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