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CRADLES OF CIVILIZATION
What is a civilization? What makes up a civilization?
WHAT IS A CIVILIZATION?
A civilization is the process by which a society or place reaches an advanced stage of development and organization
CHARACTERISTICS OF A CIVILIZATION
Means of subsistence/agricultural surplus Farming, livestock, lodging, etc.
GovernmentLaw code, leadership, citizenry
CHARACTERISTICS OF A CIVILIZATION
Written language and records
Job SpecializationDivision of labor, people assume different roles and address different needs
Cuneiform Hieroglyphics
CHARACTERISTICS OF A CIVILIZATION
Social ClassesOften based on wealth, race/ethnicity and/or education
EconomicsTrading and bartering, monetary exchanges
CHARACTERISTICS OF A CIVILIZATION
Education/TechnologyAcademic or trade specific
Religion/SpiritualityEither formal established religion or moral/ethical teachings
WHERE DID CIVILIZATIONS BEGIN?
Civilizations first began along river valleys between 3500-500 BCE
The earliest civilizations developed in Africa, Mesopotamia and Asia
In Mesopotamia civilizations popped up along the Euphrates and Tigris Rivers
In Africa we find the Egyptians who developed along the Nile River Delta
WHERE DID CIVILIZATIONS BEGIN?
In India civilizations developed along the Indus and Ganges Rivers
In China civilizations first developed along the Huang He (or Yellow River)
Meso: Euphrates and Tigris
China: Huang He
India: Indus and Ganges River
Egypt: Nile River
Egypt Nile River
Meso: Euphrates and Tigris
Rivers
India: Indus and Ganges
River
China: Huang He
SOCIAL PATTERNS OF THE EARLIEST CIVILIZATIONS
Jobs and positions of power were often hereditary
People were born into royalty, thus they had hereditary rulers I.E. Dynasties, Pharaohs, Kings, etc.
There were rigid (strict) class systems People were born into social classes Slavery was practiced but it was often not based on race or ethnicity
POLITICAL PATTERNS OF THE EARLIEST CIVILIZATIONS
Early civilizations had written laws, which were often drafted by the ruler(s) or the religious hierarchy Examples include Hammurabi’s Code (the oldest known law code) and the Ten Commandments (law code of the Hebrews)
There were centralized government which was often based on a religious authority Most rulers were viewed either as divine, demi-gods or mediums to the gods
ECONOMIC PATTERNS OF THE EARLIEST CIVILIZATIONS
Built, used, traded and sold metal tools and weapons
Agricultural Surplus led the selling and trading of crops and livestock Due to the advancements in tools, irrigation and slavery
Trade by rivers and seas
Development of cities and markets
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