CP US History Unit #1 – Civil War and Reconstruction

CP US History

Unit #1 – Civil War and Reconstruction

Civil War Intro

• Civil War Pre-Test• Read Chapter 14 Section 1 and answer section

review questions• KWL – Why did Civil War Begin? • U1 HW1 – Chapter 15 Sections 1, 2 & 3

Today’s Agenda

• Unit Information• Lesson EQ & Vocab• Opener• PPT Notes• Reading Analysis• Exit Ticket• HW #3

Key Learning

• Compare historical interpretations of the Civil War and Reconstruction

Unit Essential Question• How do historical interpretations of the Civil

War and Reconstruction differ between Northern and Southern interpretations?

Concept and Standards• Standards

– History #3A - Students will interpret historical data – Geography #3A - Students will develop an

understanding of the diversity of human culture and the unique nature of places

• Concept – How do historical interpretations of the causes and outcomes of the Civil War differ between Northern and Southern historians?

Lesson Essential Question #1• Why did the Civil War begin?

Key Ideas and Vocabulary• Uncle Tom’s Cabin• Compromise of 1850• Fugitive Slave Act• Charles Sumner• Dred Scott• John Brown

What do you know?

• With a partner, brain storm what you know about the American Civil War.

• Create a list of people, places, events that occurred during the war.

• Create another list of reasons for why the American Civil War began.

• Be prepared to share with class.

The Civil WarCauses and Impact

Thomas Jefferson

• “In the gloomiest moments of the Revolutionary War, I never had any fear equal to what I feel from this source… We have a wolf by the ears, and we can neither hold him nor safely let him go.”

What do you think I was talking about when I made

this statement?

Economic and Social differences

southern economy: one crop economy, based on cotton and dependant on slavery.

northern economy: based more on industry and finished goods

Northern cities; many cultures used to working together

South: highly structured, conservative, class-conscious

Antislavery• Harriet Beecher Stowe – “Uncle Tom’s Cabin”

Southern Reaction to Uncle Tom’s Cabin

pg 300

UNCLE TOM’S CABIN

• READ EXCEPRT FROM UNCLE TOM’S CABIN– ANSWER QUESTIONS THAT ARE ATTACHED ON

SEPARATE SHEET OF PAPER

Do Now: Why was the North Opposed to Slavery? Why did the South Support it?

Missouri Compromise (1820) Established a Balance between free and slave

statesA. Missouri enters union as a slave state B. Maine enters union as a free stateC. Slavery is banned over the 36’30’ line

The Slavery Question

1846- As a result of the Mexican War, the U.S. gains more land in the West known as the Mexican Cession. Congress now has to decide whether to allow slavery in these territories.

The Slavery Question• Compromise of 1850

– California, Land from Mexico– Washington, DC– Fugitive Slave Law

Fugitive Slave Law of 1850A. Required all citizens

to help catch runaway slaves

B. People who let slaves escape could be fined $1000 and get 6 months in jail

Bloodshed in Senate• Charles Sumner – abolitionist

– “The Crime Against Kansas” – Sen Andrew Butler• Representative Preston Brooks

Dred Scott Case• Dred Scott’s Journey• Filed suit for Freedom• Supreme Court Decision

– Enslaved people were property

– Only citizens could sue others

Exit Ticket

• Why was slavery such an emotional issue in the 1850s? Compare it to a current issue that causes the same kind of emotional response.

• Be sure to turn in before leaving class

U1 HW 2

• READ CHAPTER 15 SECTIONS 4 & 5

Today’s Agenda

• LEQ• Opener• PPT Notes• John Brown Video Analysis• Exit Ticket• Homework #3

Lesson Essential Question

• What specific events will lead to the beginning of the American Civil War?

• Vocabulary – • Election of 1860• Secession• Confederate States of America• Abraham Lincoln• Jefferson Davis• Fort Sumter

Our Country Divided

• Work with a partner to answer the following questions about the two maps– What does each map represent? – What reasons can you determine have brought

about the divide in the country?

I. Republican Party is formed -1854main goal -> to stop the spread of slavery.

Elections and Revolts: The Last Straw

III. John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s FerryA. was anti-slaveB. raided an arsenal -> weapons for a

slave revolt at Harper’s Ferry, VirginiaC. Northerners saw him as a martyrD. Southerners were convinced that

northerners wanted to destroy slavery

DVD – JOHN BROWN

• WATCH DVD OF JOHN BROWN’S ATTACK ON HARPER’S FERRY, VA

• ANSWER QUESTIONS WHILE WATCHING DVD

John Brown’s BodyJohn Brown’s body lies a-mouldering in the grave

John Brown’s body lies a-mouldering in the grave John Brown’s body lies a-mouldering in the grave But his soul goes

marching on.Glory, glory, hallelujah (3x)His soul goes marching on.

He captured Harper’s Ferry with his nineteen men so few,

And he frightened "Old Virginny" till she trembled through and through,

They hung him for a traitor, themselves a traitor crew,

But his soul is marching on.Glory, glory, hallelujah (3x)His soul goes marching on.

John Brown died so the slaves might be free John brown died so the slaves might be free john brown died so the slaves might be free

but his soul goes marching on Glory, glory, hallelujah (3x)His soul goes marching on.

IV. The election of Abraham Lincoln.

South believed Lincoln was pro abolition; states began to secede upon his election in 1860

Southern Secession• South Carolina• Capital –

Richmond, VA• President –

Jefferson Davis

Fort Sumter

• Charleston, South Carolina

EXIT TICKET• ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTION BEFORE

LEAVING CLASS…– Was there just one cause to the American Civil

War? If so, what was it? If there were multiple causes, what were they? Why were they so significant? Explain.

U1 HW 3

• HW – Read CHAPTER 16 SECTION 1

Today’s Agenda

• LEQ & Vocab • Opener• PPT Notes• Activity• Exit Ticket• Homework

LESSON ESSENTIAL QUESTION

• HOW DID THE CIVIL WAR AFFECT THE NORTH AND THE SOUTH?

KEY TOPICS & VOCABULARYBorder States

Who is going to win?

• With a partner, create a chart (in your notebook) of the advantages and disadvantages that both sides (North and South) are facing as the Civil War begins

• Be prepared to share with class.

Advantages Disadvantages

North

South

Choosing Sides

• Divided Nation– State– City– Town– Family

• Border States

Civil War Leaders• Abraham Lincoln

– Self-taught lawyer– Little political

experience

• Jefferson Davis– West Point– Strong Leader– Micro-manager

U1 HW 4

• Read Chapter 16 Sections 2 and 3

Exit Ticket

• Using the information you have, predict who will win the American Civil War. Explain why

Today’s Agenda

• LEQ & Vocab • Opener• PPT Notes• Activity• Exit Ticket• Homework

Lesson Essential Question

• What were the strategies used by both sides during the war?

• How did the tone of the war change? Vocabulary•BLOCKADE

•CONTRABAND

•BULL RUN, VIRGINIA

•EMANCAPATION PROCLAMATION

•13th Amendment

•54TH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT

What were the strategies and major battles of the Civil War?

Union PlansA. Planned to use its Navy to blockade

Southern ports.B. Capture the Confederate capitol-

Richmond.C. Seize control of the Mississippi River

Confederate PlansA. Fight a defensive warB. Make war unpopular in the North…

WHY?C. Trade with Europe for supplies.

BULL RUN, VIRGINIA

• FIRST BATTLE OF CIVIL WAR• Battle Strategies• Point of view of war

– Over quickly– Citizens saw as show

Phases of the war:1861-1863: Secession, South takes control of the war, union loses key battles, builds its strength, Lincoln battles war weariness 1863-1864: Turning points, union makes major gains, south is weakened, union advantages come into play (Vicksburg, Gettysburg)

1864-1865: Union grinds south down – TOTAL WAR, southern armies defeated, south surrenders (Petersburg, Appomattox courthouse)

Lincoln’s First Speech

• Emancipation Proclamation (Jan 1, 1863)– Beginning to end of slavery in US– Freed slaves in states still in rebellion– Did not free slaves living in loyal border states– Changed cause of war = END SLAVERY

• More blacks able to join military

– Video

54th Massachusetts Regiment• All black regiment, white officers only

– Blacks unable to fight or lead• Men Born free ….. WHY?• Paid less than white soldiers ($13/$10)• Fort Wagner

DVD – 54TH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT

• WATCH DVD ON 54TH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT

• ANSWER QUESTIONS WHILE WATCHING DVD

U1 HW 5

• Read Chapter 16 Sections 4 & 5

Exit Ticket

• Explain why Abraham Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation will change the tone of the war.

• Use specific examples

Today’s Agenda

• LEQ & Vocab • Opener• PPT Notes• Activity• Exit Ticket• Homework

LESSON ESSENTIAL QUESTION• HOW DID THE OUTCOMES OF THE CIVIL WAR

AFFECT THE ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE NORTH AND THE SOUTH?

Key Aspects & Vocabulary•Battle of GETTYSBURG

•TOTAL WAR

•Draft

•BULL RUN, VIRGINIA

•GETTYSBURG ADDRESS

•Robert E. Lee

•Stonewall Jackson

•Ulysses S Grant

Opener

• How will the war have an impact on the entire nation from the average civilian, the lowly soldier to the nation as a whole?

• Use specific details• Be prepared to share with class.

Hardships of War

• Battle Strategies– March in straight lines into a field

Hardships of War

• Deadly Weapons– Cone-shaped bullets– Cannons

Hardships of War

• Crude Medical Care– No medicine– No anesthetic– AMPUTATION!!!

Prison Camps

• Andersonville, GA – 1 out of 3 Union prisoners died– “There is no such thing as delicacy here…In the

middle of last night I was awakened by being kicked by a dying man. He was soon dead. I got up and moved the body off a few feet, and again went to sleep to dream of the hideous sight.”

Prison Camps

Filling the Ranks

• What is the easiest way to fill the ranks of the military? – Draft

• Why would the draft cause anger amongst the citizens? – North - $300 to avoid draft– South – own more than 20 slaves

• What result could occur because of the draft? – Riots– Suspension of right of habeas corpus

The Economy

• North -– Raising money

• Income Tax

– Printing money• INFLATION!!!

• South – – Tax-in-kind– Blockade

Women at War

• Soldiers and Spies• Nursing the wounded

– Dorothea Dix– Clara Barton

Turning Point in the War

• Battle of Gettysburg– Accident– Cemetery Ridge– Lee’s Plan– Pickett’s Charge

Lincoln’s 2nd Speech

• Gettysburg Address (Nov 19, 1863)– Following Union victory at Gettysburg– Video

Total War

• Sheridan in the Shenandoah– Grant to Sheridan - “Leave nothing to invite the

enemy to return. Destroy whatever cannot be consumed. Let the valley be left so that crows flying over it have to carry their rations along with them.”

• Marching through Georgia– Grant to Sherman – Destroy everything– September 1864 – captured Atlanta

Atlanta, GA 1864

1864 Election

• Lincoln – defeat is “extremely probable”– “Don’t change horses while crossing a stream”

• Democrats – General George McClellan– Compromise with south– Restore slavery

• Sherman’s taking of Atlanta secures Lincoln’s reelection

Civil War Casualties

American Wars

Surrender at Appomattox April 9th 1865

RESULTS OF THE CIVIL WAR•620,000 soldiers dead (2% of population!); over 1 million total casualties

•Slavery abolished

•Total cost of war: $15 billion (immediate costs) (about $1.5 trillion in today’s dollars)

•U.S. becomes a true, unified nation-state

•25% of able-bodied southern men killed or maimed.

•Southern economy ruined

Reading Assignment

• Read one of the following articles and complete the worksheet that is attached. – Article #1 Who Really Won the Civil War? – Article #2 Gettysburg Address

U1 HW 6

• Complete Study Guide• Finalize Notebook and Historical Events

EXIT TICKET

ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTION BEFORE LEAVING CLASS…• “Those who do not learn from history are

doomed to repeat it.” What lessons can we take from the American Civil War? Why are they so important?

Review for Civil War Test

U1 HW 7

• Study for Civil War Test• Finalize Notebook and Historical Events

Civil War TestPut Notebook and Historical

Events on my deskGet out Writing “Cheat Sheet” if

completedGet out separate piece of paper

for writing portion of test

U1 HW 8

• Read Chapter 17 Section 1

Today’s Agenda

• Review Civil War Test– Signed Test due next class if earned D or F

• Opener• Reconstruction PPT• Group Activity – DEVELOP RECONSTRUCTION

PLAN• Exit Ticket• Homework #8

Reconstruction• Standards

– History #3A - Students will interpret historical data

– Geography #3A - Students will develop an understanding of the diversity of human culture and the unique nature of places

• Concept EQ – How did the process of Reconstruction define and deepen regional differences between the North and South?

Reconstruction

• Lesson EQ – How did Reconstruction affect settlement patterns in the US?

• Vocabulary– 10% Plan– Wade-Davis Bill– Freedmen’s Bureau– 13th Amendment– Impeachment

Think/Pair/Share

• What does the word Reconstruction mean? Create your own definition, with examples as support.

• Work with your partner– Compare your definitions and come up with a

single definition with support• Be prepared to share with class

Key QuestionsKey Questions

1. How do webring the Southback into the

Union?

2. How do we rebuild the

South after itsdestruction

during the war?

3. How do weintegrate andprotect newly-emancipated

black freedmen?

4. What branchof governmentshould controlthe process of

Reconstruction?

President Lincoln’s PlanPresident Lincoln’s Plan

Did not want to punish the south

Believed – sooner nation was reunited, faster South would be able to rebuild

10% Plan

Gov’t When 10% of the voting population in the 1860 election had taken an oath of loyalty

Pardons to many military & civilian figures

Wade-Davis Bill (1864)Wade-Davis Bill (1864)

Required 50% of the number of 1860 voters to take an “iron clad” oath of allegiance

Denied right to hold office to anyone who volunteered to fight for Confederacy

SenatorBenjamin

Wade(R-OH)

CongressmanHenry

W. Davis(R-MD)

What major accomplishment did Congress and President Lincoln have in 1865?

13th Amendment13th Amendment Ratified in December, 1865.

Defines and outlaws slavery

Freedmen’s Bureau (1865)Freedmen’s Bureau (1865) Passed by Congress and Lincoln before Lee

surrendered

Former northern abolitionists

Provide food and clothing

Help former slaves find job

Helped poor whites as well

Medical Care

Schools

Opposition to Freedmen’s Bureau

Freedmen’s Bureau Seen Through Southern Eyes

Freedmen’s Bureau Seen Through Southern Eyes

Plenty to eat and

nothing to do.

Freedmen’s Bureau SchoolFreedmen’s Bureau School

Ford’s Theatre April 14, 1865

The Assassin

John Wilkes Booth

The Assassination

Wanted!

The execution

President Andrew JohnsonPresident Andrew Johnson How did Johnson become

President?

Republicans in Congress – hoping for stricter Reconstruction Plan

Johnson – “traitors must be punished”

Agreed with Lincoln that states had never legally left the Union.

Plan –

Majority of voters pledge loyalty

States must ratify 13th Amend

What would you do?

• In a group of 3-4 students, develop your own plan for reconstructing the Union.

• Prepare a rough draft and then transfer plan to poster board.

• Plan must be detailed and have step-by-step process for reconstruction

• Group will present plan near end of class

Exit Ticket

ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTION BEFORE LEAVING CLASS…• Why was it so important for the country to

rejoin? • Why do you think there were such differing

opinions amongst the political leaders?

U1 HW 9

• Homework – Read Chapter 17 Section 2

Today’s Agenda

• LEQ & Vocab• Opener• PPT Notes• Exit Ticket• Homework #9

Reconstruction• Standards

– History #3A - Students will interpret historical data

– Geography #3A - Students will develop an understanding of the diversity of human culture and the unique nature of places

• Concept EQ – How did the process of Reconstruction define and deepen regional differences between the North and South?

Reconstruction• Lesson EQ – How did the Reconstruction affect the

economic, political and social development of the South

• Vocabulary– Black codes Carpetbagger– Radical Republicans KKK– 14th Amendment sharecropper– Radical Reconstruction – 15th Amendment– Scalawag

Think/Pair/Share

• Imagine being woken up in the middle of the night, only to find a large object on fire in your lawn and masked figures standing the shadows. What would your thoughts and feelings be?

• Talk with your partner• Be prepared to share with class.

Black Codes

• Could not vote, own gun, serve on jury• Some states – could only work as servant or

farm laborer• Required to sign contract to work for 1 yr• Arrested if not under contract• Gain rights –

– Could legally marry and own property

What was the purpose of the Black Codes?

Black CodesBlack Codes Purpose:

Guarantee stable labor supply.

Restore pre- warsystem of race relations.

Forced many blacks to become sharecroppers [tenant farmers].

President and Congress Clash

• Radicals – led opposition to Johnson– 2 main goals

• Break power of rich planters• Ensure freedmen right to vote

• April 1866 – Congress passes Civil Rights Act– Republicans worried Supreme Court declare Civil

Rights Act unconstitutional– WHY?

14th Amendment14th Amendment

Ratified in July, 1868. guaranteed the rights and security of freed people.

Equal protection of the laws

No state could deprive any person of life, liberty or property without due process

Illegal to discriminate based on person’s skin

What could a state still discriminate based on?

Radical Plan for ReadmissionRadical Plan for Readmission military supervision of govt’s.

South divided in 5 military districts new state constitutions, including

black suffrage and ratification of the 13th and 14th Amendments.

Freedmen must be allowed to vote

What kind of reaction do you think there will be amongst whites in the South? Freedmen?

Conflict reaches apexConflict reaches apex What is the main job of Congress?

What is the main job of the President?

1866 Election – Republicans won control of both houses

Feb 1868 House – voted to impeach Johnson 126-47

The Senate TrialThe Senate Trial

11 week trial.

Johnson acquitted 35 to 19 (one short of required 2/3s vote).

1868 Election

• General Ulysses Grant – won presidencyMore rights for Freedmen• 1869 – Republicans propose 15th Amendment

• Forbade any state from denying African Americans right to vote because of race

• Who is still denied the right to vote? • Why do you think Republicans support

this amendment?

Activity

• With a partner complete – – On Voting Rights for African Americans

U1 HW 10

• Read Chapter 17 Sections 3 & 4

Exit Ticket

• Answer either question with specific details –

• Why do you think the Senate did not vote to remove President Johnson?

• What impact will the Black Codes have on African Americans in the South?

Reconstruction

• Lesson EQ – How did the federal government seek to achieve certain economic, political and social gains in the South?

• Vocabulary– Electoral College– Poll tax– Literacy test– Grandfather Clause

Think/Pair/Share

• Article I Section 2 of the Constitution States – “Electors in each state shall have the qualifications and requisite for electors of the most numerous Branch of the State legislators.” How would you feel if you had to explain that clause before you were allowed to go to lunch today?

• Talk with partner• Be prepared to share with class

Southern Politics• 3 new leaders –

• White southerners who supported Republicans

• Northerners who moved South• Freedmen

• Scalawags & Carpetbaggers• Scalawags – white southern Republicans• Carpetbaggers – Northerners who moved

south

Southern resistance

Rise of the Ku Klux Klan

rebellion against "radical’ rule; terror wing of Democratic party.

Senator Bill Tillman (SC) – “We reorganized the Democratic party with one plank and only one plank, named that ‘this is a white man’s country, and white men must govern it.’ Under that banner we went to battle.”

=>Goal: Overthrow Reconstruction governments and replace them with white supremacist govt’s.

=>KKK, the "Invisible Empire of the South,“ founded in TN in 1866

• What kind of tactics did the KKK use to threaten and harass the freedmen?

Succeeded in decimating Republican organization     => new southern governments forced to look to federal gov't for survival.

Rebuilding South

• Economy– Industry grew

• Birmingham, AL

– Taxes and corruption• Poverty

– “40 acres and a mule”– sharecropping

Radicals in Decline

• 1870s – Radicals lose power– Time to forget Civil War– Corruption in Grant’s presidency– 1872 – Congress pardoned former Confederate

officials

End of Reconstruction

• 1876 Election – – Dem – Samuel Tilden– Rep – Rutherford Hayes

• Votes– Tilden won popular by 250,000 votes– Tilden earned 184 electoral votes (one short)

• Congress – decided election– Gave Presidency to Hayes (would end

Reconstruction)

Separate but not Equal• Voting Restrictions

– Poll Taxes• Pay fee each time voting

– Who was excluded by this restriction? Why?

– Literacy Test• Read and explain part of Constitution

– Who was excluded by this restriction? Why?

– Grandfather Clause• Father or grandfather eligible to vote on January 1, 1867

vote could skip literacy test– Who was excluded by this restriction? Why?

Document Analysis

• Read Document A and Document B on the KKK. Answer questions that follow in notebook

Reconstruction• Document Analysis

– Answer questions in notebook• How are freed blacks described in this document? Create

list in notebook• How are members of the KKK described? Create list in

notebook.• What reasons are given for the creation of the KKK? • According to the document, what did the KKK do?• Does the document approve or condemn the KKK? Cite

specific examples.• Which of the four schools of Reconstruction Historiography

does each document belong? Why?

Checking for Understanding

• Read Document C, Document D and Document E

• Complete the chart and extended response question

REVIEW FOR TEST

U 1 HW 11

• Study for Test• Prepare Transfer Task• Finalize Notebook and Historical Events

Exit Ticket

ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTION BEFORE LEAVING CLASS…• Did Reconstruction accomplish its goals? Why

or why not?

Reconstruction TestPut Notebook and Historical

Events on my deskGet out Writing “Cheat Sheet” if

completedGet out separate piece of paper

for writing portion of test