View
218
Download
0
Category
Tags:
Preview:
Citation preview
COSMOLOGY
Eduard MassóUAB/IFAE
International Meeting of Fundamental Physics(“Winter” meeting)Santiago de Compostela, 2007
Program
1. The standard cosmological model
2. The observed universe
3. Inflation. Neutrinos in cosmology
Emphasis on “Particles”
Science, vol. 315, 2007
Our universe is expanding
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressorare needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
redshift
co-movingdistancescale
lights-yearsago
today
Co-moving co-ordinates
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (LZW) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
On top: peculiar (real) velocities
Hubble’s law & Cosmological principle
Universe homogenous & isotropicon large scales
Cosmological principle
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture. Hubble parameter
Hubble’s discoveryQuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Hubble’s law: QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
(today)
QuickTime™ and aPhoto - JPEG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Expansion (or contraction) is inevitable
RG + CP
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Robertson-Walker metric(homogeneity & isotropy)
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressorare needed to see this picture.Content(matter+radiation)
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressorare needed to see this picture.Content too (cosm. const.)
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressorare needed to see this picture.Spatial geometry
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressorare needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Parameters:
Parametersare relatedby eqs.
Cosmological equations
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Friedmann eqs.
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
1
2a
1+2a -> 2b
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Spatial geometry &Light propagationQuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
OpenFLAT Closed
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
3D
Spatial geometry &Light propagationQuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Luminosity distance
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Measured flux(E/time/area)
Absolute luminosityE/time in rest frame
Luminosity distance
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Hubble’s law
Exact:
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressorare needed to see this picture.Small z
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
That was kinematics
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.Decelerationparameter
Cosmological constant contribution
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Negativepressure
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
+ any other component
Solution to cosmological eqs.
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Equation of state
Assume i - dominance and
RD universe
MD universe.
CCD universe
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Critical density
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Define also
(Today)
Define QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Not energy-density contribution
Rewriting Friedmann eqs.QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Cosmic sum rule
2a today
Notice signs
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aPhoto - JPEG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
The future QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
+ Initial conditions taken today
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Diff. eq.
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressorare needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Eternal Expansion OR Recollapse ?
EE
R
EE
R
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
1
2
3
Distance - RedshiftQuickTime™ and a
Photo - JPEG decompressorare needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aPhoto - JPEG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Co-moving distance to source:
QuickTime™ and aPhoto - JPEG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aPhoto - JPEG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Where:
Can neglect QuickTime™ and aPhoto - JPEG decompressorare needed to see this picture.QuickTime™ and a
Photo - JPEG decompressorare needed to see this picture.
Distance-redshift relation is function of
Age of the universe
look-back time
lifetime
Flat univ.QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Our univ.QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aPhoto - JPEG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aPhoto - JPEG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
(Age crisis: Open universe gave too low lifetime)
Which universe ?
The past universe
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
today
rad
mat
cc
equality
recombination
nucleosynthesis
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressorare needed to see this picture.
next
The hot universe
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
number density
energy density
pressure
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
distribution
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
g= deg. of freedom
Equilibrium thermodynamics
Decoupling of species
Expansion:
Interaction:
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressorare needed to see this picture.
rates
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressorare needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressorare needed to see this picture.
Phase transitionsSymmetry restoring
2n order
1st order
Phase transitions
Conformal time
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Particle HorizonIt is the physical distance photons can travel until a time t
Defines causal distance at a given time t QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Program
1. The standard cosmological model
2. The observed universe
3. Inflation. Neutrinos in cosmology
Recommended