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CORE77 DESIGN AWARDS 2013Supporting PDF - Story & Background
STAGE01
1
SEALEAF // RESEARCH & DRIVERS
Cities have been mainly designed to accommodate the human population but totally leaving the concept of food out of the master plan.
Globalisation and densely populated urban regions create major environmental issues through food miles, packaging and distribution.
The rise of mega-cities, particularly in Asia, will break the production capacity of many land farms which, will result in major economical and social unrest through many regions.
Farmlands stay flooded for at least 6 months once hit by a disaster, effecting many cities economically, socially and environmentally.
Rapidly changing climate has put greater pressure on food security and supply, leaving most regions incomplete disaster.
Population growth, over-consumption and rapidurbanisation has resulted in deforestation andexpensive land prices in many cities.
Rising sea levels could result in large areas of agricultural land and freshwater lagoons becoming highly contaminated by seawater.
Rising Fuel Price = Rising Food PriceRising Food Price = Global Austerity
Unpredictable and extreme weather conditionsmakes it very hard for farmers to meet the growing demand for global food supply.
Fresh water has always been a scarce resource yet almost 70 percent of fresh water is used forfarming.Human Population = More Food
More Food = More Land
Many populated regions of the world are prone to sea level rise and are located in coastal areas close to ocean water.
Food transported across the world burns up a lot offossil fuel and contributes to global warming and costs much more to consume.
Flooded farmlands from the impact of climate change creates economical and social problemsfor both the producers and the consumers in the age of globalisation and mass consumption.
Destruction to livelihood and means of living caused by climate change.
2000
1500
1,726
51 65 20 50 27 20 31 43 35 41 35 52 6175
1,313
1,846 1,833
1,426
1,811 1,8231,769 1,815
1,277
1,559
1,155
311
7191000
500
MILES 0 APPLES
BEANS
BROCCOLI
CABBAGE
CARROTS
SWEET CORN
GARLIC
LETTUCE
ONIONS
POTATOES
PUMPKINS
SPINACH
SQUASH
TOMATOES
LOCALLY GROWN PRODUCE CONVENTIONAL SOURCE
TODAY’S MAJOR GLOBAL ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS
2
ENVIRONMENTAL:Currently, the entire system of global foodsupply has been through the supportand availability of energy resources thatmakes it possible to deliver them to theend consumer. Food miles provides the opportunity for food to be packaged - resulting in major environmental issues such as landfill.
SOCIAL:Rapidly growing urban cities are makingmany farmlands being converted intocommercial use - resulting in food being delivered from far away countries and cities losing their own local agriculture industry in the process of globalisation.
ECONOMICAL:Climate change is a major threat to manycoastal regions, ruining farmlands andagricultural industries which, has lead many governments to consider the concept of vertical farming - to producefood on expensive lands - creating lessopportunity to make a positive impactfor both the disappearing local agriculturalindustries and the worsening environment.
SEALEAF // IDEAS & BRIEF GENERATION EXISTING GLOBAL FOOD SUPPLY & DEMAND SYSTEM
THE PROBLEM
WORLD FOODCONSUMPTION
2012
WORLD FOODCONSUMPTION
1922
SOCIALRapid Growth in
World Populationhas Increased
Demand for Food
ENVIRONMENTALFloodedFarmlands -Result ofClimateChange
ECONOMICALFood Miles -Increased Costsof Crops andSupply
ENVIRONMENTALOverconsumption
and LandfillsDegrading
the Environment
ENVIRONMENTALFood Miles -Feeding theWorld Population
SOCIALLost of LocalProduce andAgriculturalIndustry
ENVI
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Clim
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Chan
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ad to
Sea
Lev
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Coa
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Reg
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ECO
NO
MIC
ALFa
rmla
nds -
The
sour
ce o
fSu
rviv
al fo
rH
uman
ity
ENVI
RON
MEN
TAL
Clim
ate
Chan
geLe
ad to
Sea
Lev
elin
Coa
stal
Reg
ions
ECO
NO
MIC
ALGr
owth
and
U
rban
isat
ion
will
Lead
to M
ore
Loss
of F
arm
land
s -Re
sulti
ng in
Expe
nsiv
e La
ndEc
onom
ics f
orLo
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gric
ultu
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3
SEALEAF // IDEAS & BRIEF GENERATION PROJECT CONTEXT & BUSINESS CASE
Sea Level Rise Impacts 2016World Population 7.36 billion
Sea Level Rise Impacts 2035World Population 8.61 billion
Sea Level Rise Impacts 2070World Population 9.82 billion
31 Mega-cities25 of them Coastal
10 < 12 Million12 < 20 Million
20 < 30 Million
30 < 40 Million
PROJECT CONTEXT & BUSINESS CASE
By 2020, 60% of world’s population - 4 billion -will live in cities.
Human actions has transformed1/3 of the entire land surface
of the earth.On average, vegetables travel1,800 miles until reachedto supermarket in the city.
Food prices will double by 2030,with climate change accounting
for 50% of the increase.
To feed everyone, the worldwill need to produce 70%more food by 2050
a 100% more food by 2100,when the world populationis expected to be 10 billion.
20502011 2070
CLIMATE CHANGE POPULATION GROWTH
FLASHFLOODS
WATERSHORTAGES
HEATWAVES
CITY EXPANSIONONTO FARMLAND
RISINGPRICES
EXPORTEMBARGOES
INCREASEDDEMAND
PESTILENCE &DISEASES
SINGAPORE
km2
SURFACE
AREA >>
700 km2
ARABLE
LAND >>
1 percent
POPULATION >>
5.3 million
CLIMATE >>
tropical
5,300,000TOTAL POPULATION
100%URBAN
500,000TONNES OF VEGETABLE
IMPORTED FROM THENEIGHBOURING
COUNTRIES IN 2012
93%7%LOCALPRODUCE
IMPORTEDPRODUCE
FUEL PRICEBAD WEATHERGROWING DEMANDLOGISTICS COST
100% +RISE IN VEGETABLE
PRICE FROM GLOBALUNCERTAINTIES
2,450,000 m2SINGAPORE’SCURRENTLAND FARMS
$1,600 +PER SQUARE METER
THE PRICE OF LAND FORFARMING IN SINGAPORE
4
STAGE02
5
SEALEAF //DEVELOP & ASSESS BUSINESS ECONOMICS AND OPERATING SYSTEM MODELS
AUSTRALIA
ASIA
PAPUA NEW GUINEA
MALAYSIA
SINGAPORE
EAST TIMOR
Agricultural Land Price per m2:
Singapore $1,600 - $1,800per m2
Malaysia $24 - $26per m2
Philippines $8 - $10
Cambodia & Vietnam $4 - $6
BANGLADESHPHILIPPINES
NEW ZEALAND
Thailand $18 - $20per m2
VIETNAM
TASMANIA
JAPAN
CHINA
INDIA
BRUNEI
CAMBODIA
THAILAND
INDONESIA
Indonesia$14 - $16per m2
Consumption90 kg per capita
Local Production5 kg per capita
Vegetable Consumption in 2012: As Compared to Local Produce
2.45 km2
Amount of LandCurrently Usedfor Farming in Singapore
6
SEALEAF // DEVELOP & ASSESS BUSINESS ECONOMICS AND OPERATING SYSTEM MODELS
US$ 5kg
US$ 15per yield
US$ 15 x 7 =US$ 105(per year gross revenue)
($2.50 per Pak Choi)
6 Pak Choi per pod500 grams each
US$ 90 per pod140 pods per Farm (at US$ 90)129 pathways per pontoon (at US$ 20)One Sealeaf Farm$15,180
PRICE (US$ 2.50) x PRODUCT (7) =US$ 15 x YIELD (7) =GROSS REVENUE ONE POD = (US$ 105)
(7 yields per year)
7
SEALEAF // DEVELOP & ASSES BUSINESS ECONOMICS AND OPERATING SYSTEM MODELS
ExistingFish Farmer
ProfessionalUrbanite
Already Owns a FishFarm & Boat
Government & PrivateInvestors are Allocated
Sealeaf Village is Born12 Farms = 1680 Podsat US$ 151,200
Sealeaf is Operated by aTechnically Capable Next GenFarmer (US$ 30,000 Salary)
Each Stakeholder GetsTrue Quality ProduceDelivered Regularly
Combines Sealeafwith the Fish Farm
Sealeaf ProvidesTechnical &Design Consultation
Experienced in Production, DiseaseManagement & Control of Farms
Receptive toNew Ideas
Part of Close-knit Bunchof Local Fish Farmers
Has Connection to Local& Overseas Markets
Next GenFarmer
InvestingUS $15,180
Buys Sealeaf1 Farm = 140 Podsat US$ 15,180
2940 Kg Sold Yearly2940 Kg x US$ 5 =US$ 14,700Gross Annual Revenue
12 Farms =Each Rented at US$ 15,00012 X 15000 = US$ 180,000Gross Annual Revenue
1 Farm180 m2140 PodsUS$ 90 Each +129 PathwaysUS$ 20 Each
ExcludingSealeaf Setup& ConsultationCosts +Planning Costsfrom Maritime & National PortAuthorities
(180m2 Agricultural Landin Singapore =US $288,000at US $1,600 per m2)
12 Farms2160 m21,680 PodsUS$ 90 Each +1550 PathwaysUS$ 20 Each
Extra CostsSealeaf Setup& ConsultationCosts +Licence for OnWater ActivitiesAnnually1 m2 = US$ 0.15
(2160m2 Agricultural Landin Singapore =US $3.4 millionat US $1,600 per m2)
InvestingUS $151,,200
IndependentInvestor
Experienced in Business, PeopleManagement & Supply Chain
Receptive toNew Ideas
Part of Close-knit Bunchof National Businesses
Has Connection to Local& National Workforce
Owner of140 Sealeaf Pods
1st Year
Gross Annual RevenueUS$ 14,700US$ 15,180 (Invested)
= US$ 480 Outstanding
Further 9 Years
10 Years Product Life cycle14,700 Per Year x 9
= US$ 132,300 Profit
180 m2 (Sealeaf Areaon Water) x US$ 0.15(Annual Rent for 1 m2of Surface on Water)
= US$ 27 Annual RentPrice on Water
1st Year
Gross Annual RevenueUS$ 180,000US$ 151,200 (Invested)
= US$ 28,800 Profit
Further 9 Years
10 Years Product Life cycle180,000 Per Year x 9
= US$ 1.62 million Profit
2160 m2 (Sealeaf Areaon Water) x US$ 0.15(Annual Rent for 1 m2of Surface on Water)
= US$ 324 Annual RentPrice on Water
Owner of1,680 Sealeaf Pods
Sealeaf Gets Funded(US$ 150,000) for 2 Yearsof Further Development
Grows Pak Choi
US$ 5 Per Kg1 Pod x 3 Kg Per Yield3 Kg x 7 Yields Per Year
Supplies to the Local Marketthrough Local WaterwaysCutting Food Miles by 95%
1 Pontoon =140 Pod x 3 kg Per Yield = 420 Kg420 Kg x 7= 2940 Kg Per Year
Specific Vegetables are Grownon each Pontoon for an SpecificContracted Stakeholder
Each Pontoon is Rented tothe Stakeholder Annuallyat $15,000
Hotels4 Pontoons
Restaurants 6 Pontoons
Supermarkets2 Pontoons
EXIS
TING
MOD
ELNE
WM
ODEL
8
SEALEAF // DEVELOP & ASSES BUSINESS INFRASTRUCTURE WITH LESS ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
MALAYSIA
MALAYSIA
MALAYSIA
INDONESIA
SOUTH CHINA SEA
Sealeaf Waterways forTransporting ProduceDirectly to Stakeholders
Sealeaf On-groundDistribution Systemto Various Stakeholders
PasirPanjangWholesaleMarket
SealeafFarm
SeedGrowingFaciliy
Sheng SiongSupermarket
LocalRestaurants
High-endRestaurants
Hotels
less water90%
of the space1/4
growth timex2
chemicals0.0
soil needed0.0
less labour1/20
9
SEALEAF // DEVELOP & ASSES MEASURING IMPACTS AND IMPROVEMENTS NEEDED FOR SEALEAF TO SUCCEED
Yearly Produce - 1 Sealeaf Pod (1000mm x 650mm)
Yearly Produce - Area of Land (1000mm x 650mm)
Basil
Cai xin
Chives
Collard
Strawberry
Mustard greenSpinach
Pak choi
Chard
4836
36
120kg
Lettuce
2.6kg
12kg
7.2kg
12kg2.1kg
24
16
12
12 8440g
2kg
1.2kg
2kg
350g
40kg
WE BELIEVE:
ENVIRONMENTALThe size of the floating farms created by Sealeaf will cover huge surfaces thatwould block incoming sunlight and create inconveniencies for the marine lifebeneath the structure. However, the size and orientation of the Sealeaf floatingfarms are designed in such a way that lets the structure to be moved whenneeded and sunlight gets through to the surfaces below when the sun’sorientation changes by the time of the day.
And, to cut the current food miles by 95%, Sealeaf, needs to be locally grownand delivered by a sustainable form of transportation. To meet this challenge,the entire project is based on specific locations for, e.g. coastal cities, and theproduce are delivered to the end user or stakeholder through the existingwater canals and rivers.
SOCIALOne of the main challenges for Sealeaf is to demonstrate the use of hydroponicssystem on ocean water is as effective as it is on land and in controlled greenhouse environments. As shown by the illustration, Sealeaf needs to be able to produce6 to 7 times more the produce annually to meet the challenge of urban foodscarcity and have a big impact on the next generation of urban farming byreducing excess packaging and transport costs.
Therefore, to meet the requirements for the effectiveness of hydroponics growingsystem, e.g. temperature control and concentrated environment, Sealeaf’s designis based entirely on the blueprint of a general greenhouse with step by step userfriendly components that lets the user to easily understand and operate the farm.However, Sealeaf’s operating system is unique and cost effective as it is run on solarenergy and rainwater is collected to water the plants, all in just one enclosedstructure.
Sealeaf floating farms will also help the existing farmers in the neighbouringcountries, e.g. Malaysia from where most of the vegetables are imported toSingapore, to adopt to the system and profit by using water to grow on ratherthan expensive land.
ECONOMICALThe biggest challenge is to design and manufacture Sealeaf pod that cost’s roughlyaround US$ 50. The cost for one Sealeaf pod is projected by investigating the priceof a similar size of land (1000 x 650mm) in locations where crops are cultivatedand transported to Singapore. To meet this challenge, we have kept our designsimple yet effective by choosing recyclable and less expensive material for mostof the structure, e.g. polyethylene, and rotomolding as the main manufacturingprocess/technique. All components are manufactured in the region to keep thecosts low for Sealeaf and its user.
10
STAGE03
11
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
SEALEAF // USER STORY CHANGING BEHAVIORS THROUGH NEW FARMING METHODS & ENVIRONMENTS
12
SEALEAF // FARMING MODULE CHANGING BEHAVIORS THROUGH NEW FARMING METHODS & ENVIRONMENTS
ReinforcingBulkheads
Polyethylene Sheet 2mm
Styrofoam Tray 30mm
NutritionWaterContainer
RainwaterContainer
High DensityPolyethylene 4mmRotomolded
13
HOW Polyethylene Sheet 1mmDiffused , High Infra Red Radiation Transmission
Polystyrene Tray 30mm
NutritionWaterContainer
RainwaterContainer
High DensityPolyethylene 3mmRotomolded
10 - 12 years
4 - 5 years
max. 42 C
1600 mW/cm2
0.06m3
9.23cm60Kg
4 l/ min
3W/h
SEALEAF // FARMING MODULE CHANGING BEHAVIORS THROUGH NEW FARMING METHODS & ENVIRONMENTS
14
STAGE04
15
2013
Mid of2014
End of2015
2015
SEALEAF // DELIVER & MEASURE SEALEAF POD DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION PLANS
Developing & testingthe design andengineering aspectsof the Sealeaf Pod
Finalising thetechnical aspectswith marineexperts
Developing the usabilityand practical aspects ofthe Sealeaf Pod
Final tests onrough seasand productlaunch
16
2016
Mid of2016
End of2018
2017
SEALEAF // DELIVER & MEASURE SEALEAF FARM DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION PLANS
Manufacturing ofthe Sealeaf Pod andPathway starts in afactory - first batchorders for a pilot farm
First Sealeaf Farmis complete fora client (fish farmer)and delivered
Fish farmer combinesthe Sealeaf Farm withhis existing fish farm
Full productionhas started forclients in othermajor parts ofthe world
17
2019
Mid of2019
End of2020
2020
SEALEAF // DELIVER & MEASURE FUTURE VISION FOR SEALEAF FARM ON URBAN COASTS
Sealeaf has becomea platform forproducing seacrops of all kinds
First floating freshfood Sealeaf Cafesails away in coastalcities
Bigger restaurants roll-outas the demand for freshfood consumption increase
Sealeaf is introduced with newfeatures, such as reverse osmosissystem for hot and dry locations
18
19
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