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CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION
• Meets in Philadelphia from May to September of 1787.• President of the Convention- George Washington.• Architect of the Constitution- James Madison.
CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTIONThe Virginia Plan-
Designed a government with a president, courts, and a bicameral legislature.
Representation is each house of Congress would be based on population.
Appealed to the larger states with higher populations.
The New Jersey Plan-Called for a unicameral
legislature with equal representation for all states.
Appealed to smaller states with lower populations.
The Great Compromise-Also called the
Connecticut Compromise because it was created by Roger Sherman.
Set up a 2 house (bicameral) legislature.
The House of Representatives- based on population.
The Senate- Equal representation for all states.
OTHER COMPROMISES
The Three-Fifths Compromise South wanted to count slaves as part of their population.The North said that slaves should not be counted
because they are property.The compromise stated that 3/5 of the slave population
would be counted in each state.
The Electoral CollegeA compromise between popular vote and congressional
appointment.Established a group of people picked by each state
legislature who would select the president and vice president.
RATIFICATIONFederalists:
Supported the Constitution.Example: Alexander HamiltonShowed their support for federalism power is divided
between a national gov’t and state gov’ts.Mainly large landowners who wanted a strong federal
gov’t.
Anti-Federalists:Opposed the Constitution.Example: Thomas JeffersonBelieved it would create a strong federal gov’t that would
take rights away from the states and people.
Compromise:A Bill of Rights was added.All 13 states ratified it by 1790.
CHAPTER 3 SECTION 3
STRUCTURE OF THE CONSTITUTIONPreamble-
Introduction that states the goals and purposes of the gov’t.
Article 1-Outlines the powers and structure of the legislative
branch (Congress.)
Article 2- Creates and lists the powers of the executive branch
headed by a president and vice president.
Article 3-Establishes the judicial branch of gov’t consisting of a
Supreme Court and other lower courts.
Article 4-Explains the relationship between the national gov’t and
the states.Contains Extradition Clause and Full Faith and
Credit Clause.Says that the National Gov’t will protect the states from
invasion.
Article 5-Explains how the Constitution can be amended
(changed.)
Article 6 (Supremacy Clause)-Declares the Constitution to be the “supreme law of the
land.”National law is always superior to state law.
Article 7-Explains how the Constitution was to be ratified.
AMENDMENT PROCESS
Amendment- any change to the Constitution
Amendment ProcessProposal An amendment has to be proposed
by two-thirds of the Congress or two-thirds of the state legislatures.
Ratification Three- fourths of the states must ratify it.
CHAPTER 3 SECTION 4
5 PRINCIPLES OF GOVERNMENTPopular Sovereignty-
The idea that the power of the gov’t lies with the people.Gov’ts should draw their power “from the consent of the
governed.”The people’s will is most strongly expressed through
elections.
Rule of LawThe idea that the law applies to everyone, even those
who govern.The gov’t should be strong, but not too strong.
Separation of PowersThe idea of dividing the
gov’t into 3 separate branches with 3 separate functions.
Supported by Montesquieu.
Checks and BalancesEach branch of gov’t is
allowed to check or limit the power of another so one branch does not get too powerful.
FEDERALISM
Federalism- Power is divided between the national gov’t and the state gov’t.
Expressed Powers-Powers specifically granted to the national gov’t.Sometimes called enumerated powers.Examples Coin money, declare war
Reserved Powers-Powers given to the states.Examples conduct elections, establish local gov’ts
Concurrent Powers-Powers given to both the national and state gov’ts.Examples collect taxes, set up courts
CLAUSES OF IMPORTANCE
Supremacy Clause-The Constitution and other laws made by the federal
gov’t is “the supreme Law of the Land.”
Necessary and Proper Clause-Allows Congress to exercise powers not specifically
written in the Constitution.These powers are known as implied powers.
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