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Conquest & ColoniesConquest & Colonies
Chapter 16: Section 2
Spain Builds an Empire
After European explorers reached the Americas, countries began to scramble to establish colonies and empires in the lands they had found.
Among the first countries to successfully settle in the Americas was Spain
They eventually conquered the two greatest native empires of the Americas, the Aztecs and Incas.
Spain in the Caribbean
The first areas settled by the Spanish were Caribbean islands such as Hispaniola and Cuba.
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Spain in the Caribbean
Columbus never found the gold he was looking for.
Spanish introduced encomienda systemencomienda system.– a colonist was given a certain amount of land and a
number of Native Americans to work the land for him.
– In exchange, the colonist was required to teach the native workers about Christianity.
– system became the basis for nearly all Spanish settlements on the mainland as well.
Columbus never found the gold he was looking for.
Spanish introduced encomienda systemencomienda system.– a colonist was given a certain amount of land and a
number of Native Americans to work the land for him.
– In exchange, the colonist was required to teach the native workers about Christianity.
– system became the basis for nearly all Spanish settlements on the mainland as well.
Spain in the CaribbeanSpain in the Caribbean
Negatives of the encomienda system– Terrible for Native Americans– Overwork and mistreatment took a terrible toll on
the native population.
– DiseasesDiseases spread by Europeans. • Smallpox, tuberculosis, measles, and other deadly
diseases had been unknown in the Americas. • Native Americans had no resistance to these illnesses,
and millions died.
Small Pox is a killer…
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http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/smallpox/smallpox-images/
Measles
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Tuberculosis
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http://www.righthealth.com/topic/Tuberculosis_Pictures/overview/adam_images?img=1
Conquest in MexicoConquest in Mexico
Some Spaniards moved to the mainland to set up colonies. – HernanHernan CortCortezez led an
expedition to Mexico that ended with the conquest of the Aztec Empire.
– conquistador, or conqueror, Spanish military leaders who fought against the native peoples of the Americas.
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Conquest in MexicoConquest in Mexico
The Aztecs– Were very powerful
and ruled much of Mexico
– were unpopular with those they had conquered
– Cortes was able to use this lack of popularity to his advantage.
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Moctezuma II
Conquest in MexicoConquest in Mexico
Cortez reached the Aztec capital, Tenochtitlan
Cortes’ small band of Spanish soldiers was joined by thousands of Native Americans.– They wanted to
defeat the Aztecs.
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Conquest in MexicoConquest in Mexico
Why was Cortes successful?– Native American allies– Metal weapons and
heavy armor– Guns– Horses (never seen by
Aztecs)– Diseases weakened
native population
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Spanish Conquistador
The Conquest of PeruThe Conquest of Peru
Francisco Pizarro led an expedition to Peru– 10 yrs. after Cortes
defeats Aztecs– He had heard of the
great wealth of Peru’s Inca Empire
– He hoped to win some of that wealth for himself.
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The Conquest of PeruThe Conquest of Peru
Inca were weakened by disease.– SmallpoxSmallpox
New emperor, Atahualpa and Pizarro meet (1532)– Pizarro demanded the
emperor convert to Christianity.
– Atahualpa refused• Taken prisoner• Gives fortune in gold and
silver • Spanish kill him and go on
to conquer the empire.
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Life in the Spanish Empire
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Life in the Spanish EmpireLife in the Spanish Empire
Spain gained control of a huge empire in the Americas– Peru (Inca)– Mexico (Aztecs)
Viceroys selected– each ruled a large
area in the king’s name.
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Life in the Spanish EmpireLife in the Spanish Empire
Spanish colonial economy was based on the mining of gold and silver, though farming was also common.
For labor in both mines and on farms, the Spanish enslaved Native Americans.
Disease and mistreatment took a toll on the native population, which dropped by more dropped by more than 90 percent from an estimated 50 than 90 percent from an estimated 50 million to only 4 millionmillion to only 4 million..
Life in the Spanish Empire
Some Spaniards were appalled at the treatment of Native Americans.– Most vocal of reformers
was a priest Bartolome de Las Casas.
– Seeking to protect the Native Americans, Las Casas recommended replacing them as laborers with imported African slaves.
– Slave labor soon became a common practice in the Americas.
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BartolomeBartolome de Las Casasde Las Casas
The Portuguese in BrazilThe Portuguese in Brazil
Treaty of Tordesillas– Signed in 1494, drew an imaginary line
through the Atlantic. – Everything to the west of this line, including
most of the then-undiscovered Americas, would belong to Spain.
– Everything to the east would be Portuguese. Of the Americas, only Brazil remained as a Portuguese colony.
Treaty of Tordesillas
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