Computer Funda

COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER

CONTENTS

1. Monitors

2. Motherboard

3. CPU

4. RAM Memory

5. Expansion card

6. Power Supply

7. CD-ROM Drive

8. Hard Disk

9. Keyboard

10. Mouse

11. Data and Power Cables

Monitors

Basically monitors are of two types :

CRT(Cathode Ray Tube)

LCD(Liquid Crystal Display)

Monitors..CRT(Cathode Ray Tube)

Monitors(CRT)..

Advantages Disadvantages

• These were the most popular display device for older computers.

• Very high contrast ratio. 20,000:1 or greater, much higher than many modern LCDs and plasma displays.

• High speed response. • Excellent additive color, wide gamut

and low black level.• Can display natively in almost any

resolution and refresh rate. • Near zero color, saturation, contrast

or brightness distortion. • Excellent viewing angle. • A reliable, proven display technology.

• Large size and weight (a 40" unit weighs over 200lbs).

• Geometric distortion in non-flat CRTs.

• Older CRTs are prone to burn-in. • Warm up time required prior to

peak luminance and proper color rendering.

• Greater power consumption than similarly sized displays, such as LCD.

Monitors..LCD(Liquid Crystal Display)

Monitors(LCD)..

Advantages Disadvantages

• Very compact and light.• Low power consumption.• No geometric distortion.• Little or no flicker depending on back light.

• Low contrast ratio. • Limited viewing angle, causing color,

saturation, contrast and brightness to vary, even within the intended viewing angle, by mere variations in posture.

• Uneven back lighting in some monitors, causing brightness distortion, especially toward the edges.

• Slow response times, which cause smearing and ghosting artifacts (although many modern LCDs have response times of 8ms or less).

• Only one native resolution. Displaying other resolutions requires a video scaler, which degrades image quality at lower resolutions.

• Fixed bit depth, many cheaper LCDs are incapable of truecolor..

• More expensive than CRT.

MotherboardHeart Of the Computer.

The motherboard is the “heart“ of the computer.

Motherboard

Components directly attached to the motherboard include:• The central processing unit (CPU) performs most of the calculations which

enable a computer to function, and is sometimes referred to as the “brain" of the computer. It is usually cooled by a heat sink and fan.

• The chipset mediates communication between the CPU and the other components of the system, including main memory.

• RAM Stores all running processes (applications) and the current running OS. RAM Stands for Random Access Memory

• The BIOS includes boot firmware and power management. The Basic Input Output System tasks are handled by operating system drivers.

• Internal Buses connect the CPU to various internal components and to expansion cards for graphics and sound.

CPUCentral Processing Unit

CPU is called as “brain” of the computer

CPUCentral Processing Unit

• A central processing unit (CPU) or processor is an electronic circuit that can execute computer programs.

• Abbreviation for central processing unit, and pronounced as separate letters.

• The CPU is the brains of the computer. Sometimes referred to simply as the central processor,but more commonly called processor.

• The CPU is where most calculations take place. In terms of computing power, the CPU is the most important element of a computer system.

Two typical components of a CPU are the following: • The arithmetic logic unit (ALU), which performs arithmetic and logical

operations. • The control unit (CU), which extracts instructions from memory and decodes

and executes them, calling on the ALU when necessary.

RAM Memory

Random Access Memory

Random Access Memory

RAM

• RAM is a kind of computer memory that temporarily stores information, improving your systems performance. Or in other words RAM simply holds data for the processor.

• There are mainly four types of RAM; SD, DDR, DDR2 and DDR3.• They differ in the way they operate and mainly in their operation

speeds.• Now a days available in 1 through 4GB RAMs.

Expansion CardsAdapter or Accessory Card

Click icon to add picture

expansion board, adapter card or accessory card

Expansion Cards

• An expansion card in computer is a printed circuit board that can be inserted into an expansion slot of a computer motherboard to add additional functionality to a computer system.

• Also known as an add-on card, internal card or interface adapter, an expansion card is an electronic board or card added in a desktop computer or other non-portable computer to give that computer a new ability, such as the ability to connect to another computer using a network cable. Below is a list of expansion cards that could be installed in a an available expansion slot.

Some of the cards are:• Video cards• Sound cards• Network cards• TV tuner cards

Expansion Cards

Sound Card Video Card

Expansion Cards

Network Card TV tuner Card

Power Supply

SMPS(Switched Mode Power Supply)

Power Supply

• SMPS stands for switch mode power supply. In such a device power handling electronic components are continuously switching on and off with high frequency in order to provide the transfer of electric power via energy storage components (inductors and capacitors).

• SMPS converts raw input power to controlled voltage and current for the operation of various components of the computer.

• The primary function of SMPS is to convert the alternating current (AC) power available in homes into direct current (DC) required for a computer system.

• The power supply converts 115-230 volt AC into DC that is required for computer components to work.

• The frequency range of an SMPS varies from 20 kHz to several MHz

CD ROMCompact Disk Read Only Memory

Compact Disk Read Only Memory

CD ROM

• Pronounced see-dee-rom. Short for Compact Disc-Read-Only Memory, a type of optical disk capable of storing large amounts of data -- up to 1GB, although the most common size is 650MB (megabytes). A single CD-ROM has the storage capacity of 700 floppy disks, enough memory to store about 300,000 text pages.

• CD-ROMs are stamped by the vendor, and once stamped, they cannot be erased and filled with new data. To read a CD, you need a CD-ROM player.

OTHER CD TECHNOLOGIES:• CD-R - (CD Recordable)• CD-RW - (CD ReWritable)• DVD - (Digital Versatile Disc)

Hard Disk DriveNon Volatile Storage Device

Non Volatile Storage Device

Hard Disk Drive

• A hard disk drive(often shortened as "hard disk", "hard drive", or "HDD"), is a non-volatile storage device which stores digitally encoded data on rapidly rotating platters with magnetic surfaces.

• A typical "desktop HDD" might store between 120 GB and 2 TB although rarely above 500GB of data.

KeyboardInput Device

Input Device

Keyboard

• The keyboard is the main input peripheral used by all computers. The keyboard allows for user input and action with the computer.

• Much like many type writers, the keyboard has all the letters of the alphabet, numbers 0 - 9 and additional special operational keys with around 101-105 keys.

• Now a days the multimedia keyboards are more popular than the regular one.

• Flexible keyboards are also available.

MousePointing device

Pointing Device

Mouse

• A mouse is a pointing device that functions by detecting two-dimensional motion relative to its supporting surface.

• Computer-users usually utilize a mouse to control the motion of a cursor in two dimensions in a graphical user interface.

Types Of Mouse:• Trackball mouse• Optical mouse• Optical wireless mouse

Mouse

Trackball Mouse Optical Mouse

Mouse

Wireless Mouse Internal structure of trackball mouse

Data & Power Cables

Data & Power Cables

SATA Data Cable

Most of the times it transmits data from hard disk drive or CD ROM or FDD.

SATA Power Cable

Used for power supply from motherboard and other peripheral devices.